IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.25 


^  1^    1 2.2 

2?  144    ■" 


<^ 


^ 


/ 


M 


Photographic 

Sdences 
Corporation 


93  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WEBSTIR.N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  S73-4S03 


V 


<sy 


■s$ 


<^ 


4^ 


IL 


z 


'^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notas  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  altei  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checlced  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibiiographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modificatiun  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


D 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag6e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicuiie 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I   Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

light  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  ^tA  fiimies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplimentaires: 


V\ 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes.  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Sncludes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholy  or  partiaJy  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  M  film^es  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


itre 

details 
ues  du 

modifier 
ger  une 

filmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanlcs 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  iX6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6.  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


i6es 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichaver  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverturii  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commen9ant  par  Is 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  V  signifie 'FIN".  :-. 


ire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  bd 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmis  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reprcduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  filmd  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


ly  errata 
Bd  to 

nt 

ne  pelure, 

iqon  A 


XI 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

j'^M^'-^m^i- .  '^  ■-*■"•■ 


«t;^ 


!*. 


) 


*  /m^y^if  tm/u/f^iiuf^  f^ff 


''^IMM^' 


NO] 


BKI 

RIS 

Xhe  earl 

Unit! 
Bv 

Emi 

'if  ■    '  ■  "■ 


THOMA 


^'■5l*v. 


t^il 


t¥^ 


T      K      K 

HISTORY 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

C  O  N  T  A  I  N  I  N  G,^ 

A     R  E  V  I  E  W 

O  F      T  H  E 

Cufloms  and  Manners  : 

O  F      T  H  K 

Original  Inhabitants  ; 

*    The  firft  Settlement  of  the 

BRITISH  COLONIES, 

THEIR 

RISEandPROGRESS, 

FROM.  r 

flThe  carlieft  Period  to  the  Time  of  tbeTr  b^comirif 

Unit  !d,  free  and  independent  Succs* 


By  the  Rev.  Mr.  COOPER, 

»■   I  I  I-         III  II  I     I    I    I       i^i^l.— IMP 

Embelli/hf^d  tvrth  Copper  Plate  Cuts* 


■M 


i 


[SECOND  AlVISaiCAN  EDITION. 3 

m    ■ii  I  I  M    ■. ■■— <i>iin«iiii<)»r, 

LANSINGBURiiHr 

printed  hy  SIT.VESTF.R  TIFF'A^JY,  for',  and  CM  i,y^ 
THOMAS  ^SPENCER,  at  his  BoDk-Store,  ALi^ANT. 


I 


m '] 


•i  r 


kiiF' 


,1 


p 


■%. 


pUT 

Ameri 
menon 
tical  h 
To 
which 
clepen< 
fcenes 
which 
fatal  t( 
men  o 
the  fi] 
are  pri 
tome. 
'  In  t 
have  e 
every 
have  tl 
barely 
ingto 


i;_ ', 

.-'/•.  ip.>ff*  '■;• 

.  X 

:  f 

> 

■'^mi' 

•X'- 

PREFACE. 


T7UTURE  crenerations  will  perhaps 
•^  view  the  late  revolution  in  Norih- 
America,  as  the' moll:  fingular  phaeno- 
menon  that  ever  appeared  in  the  poli- 
tical hemilphere  of  any  nation. 

To  point  out  the  gradual  fleps  hy 
M^hich  America  finally  obtained  her  in- 
dependence, to  defcribe  thofe  terrible 
fcenes  of  rapine,  blood,  and  (laughter, 
which  accompanied  thofe  ftruggles,  fo 
fatal  to  thoufands  of  brave  officers  and 
men  on  both  fides,  and  fo  ruinous  to 
the  finances  of  the  mother-country^ 
are  principally  the  objects  of  this  epi- 
tome. 

'  In  the  execution  of  this  bufinefs,  wc 
have  endeavored  to  divert  ourfelves  of 
every  fpark  of  national  prejudice,  and 
have  therefore  contented  ourfelves  with 
barely  relating  facls,  without  prefuni. 
^g  to  give  our  opinion  thereoni  wiih- 


'i   i- 


PREFACE. 


ing  to  leave  our  readers  the  fole  power 
c>f  judging  for  themfelvcs. 

Befules  the  detail  of  thcle  important 
events,  we  have  given  an  account  of 
the  cuftoms  and  manners  of  the  origin- 
al  inluibitants  of  North- America,  and 
fuch  as  they  nearly  are  at  this  day. 
We  have  alfo  fliewn  at  what  time,  and 
by  what  caufes,  the  Britifti  colonies  ia 
North- America  were  firit  fettled,  and 
liave  marked  their  rife  from  their  ori- 
ginal infignificance,  till  they  became 
Thirtifn  United  and  Inde- 
TENDEisT  States.  --  •    ,. 


D 


E55CR 

oFthe 
drefs,  ei 
and  refe 

Method 
dead.—' 
irar.— JV 


jnent  at 
fettle  th 
Haven  c 
^-New  i 
Jerfey.— 
!  Bla  and 


■  (   ; 


/ 


- 

Kxpeditiof 

, 

,    ,.  •■   .  '^    -.■      -       '4  -J.   * 

'^yij.K'^^ 

taxes.  *- 

•i 

thai  aa.. 
fend's  bi 

CON- 

dered  to 
tants.— J 

own  tea' 

f      "■         •■■.        "•■         '  •> 

fiires  pi 

'      V 

>   xhnretts 

- 

— GuRe 

•. 

in  the  B 

•  ,„    5     . 

troops  u 

v'"*- 

Ji>gton, 
liowc,  C 

CONTENT  S* 

CHAP.    I. 


m 


I'  11^ 


D1ESCRIPTI0N  of  the  perfoni,  iranii'srs,  and  cnftoma 
of  the  original  inhabitants  of  Nortli-Amcvica.— Their 
dicfs,  education,  and  employ  meats. —Their  hofpitality 
and  refentments.— Liberty  the  darling  paliion  of  the  ori* 
j;ii;al  natives.— FeaiH,  on  what  occafions  appointed.— 
Method  oi  atoning  for  murder.— .Mourning  for  their 
dead.— The  feaH:  of  Ibuls.— Method  of  preparing  for 
war.— Miferable  llatcof  thei'- 't-'frneri.  PafiC  » 


ti 


.'if- 


CHAP.    II. 


*:■* 


^cfownt  of  the  firfl  fettlers  of  North  America.— Sett1#f» 
inent  at  New- Plymouth— The  Puritans  purchafe  an4 
fettle  the  Muflacbufetts  Bay.— Conncd:icut  and  New- 
Haven  colonies  fettled.  —Providence  and  Ilhode-IflaHd. 
•— New  Ilampfliire  and  the  Main-— New-York— New- 
Jer(ey.—- Virginia. — Maryland.*— Carolina. ^—PcUDfjrlva- 

Bia  aud  Delaware.-* Georgia,.  if 

,•  ■  ■  '  ■  • 

C  H  A  P.     III. 


f  V  »,-/ 


1  ^i  " 


'  li.i 


Expedition  jij!;ainft  Louifburg— Gen.  Braddock  defeated* 
— MalFachufetts  aflembly  declare  againit  parliamentary 
taxc:-..— The  ftamp  ait.'— Riota  at  Bofton  on  accou?it  of 
thai  ail. — The  fiarnp  ad  repealed.— Mr.  Charles  Town- 
fend's  bill  for  taxlnf^  tlie  colonies  afrelh.*— TrOops  or- 
dered to  Bojfton— ."^O'diers  at  Bofton  tire  on  the  inhabi- 
tants.—Ead-India  company  empowered  to  ess^port  th^ii* 
own  teas.— Tea  throw o  iiito  the  fca  at  Bofton.- Mea- 
fures  pnrfued  relative  to  the  Boflclti  port  Bill.— Maffa- 
chufetts  people  prepare  to  delbnd  their  rights  by  arms. 
•— Gaoe  fortifies  the  entrance  into  Bollon.— Proceedings 
in  the  Britifti  houTes  of  rarliarncr.t.— CJen.  Gage  fendf 
troops  to  Salem. — He  fends  too(>p>?  to  Concord  and  Lex- 
ington, who  are  defeat»fd.— 1  he  reftraining  bills.— 
]iow€|CliiuoDjand  Bui^^oyue  fiiUforJSoiluat  %t 


•  ^\ 


CONTENTS.    ' 

CHAP.     IV. 


The  e-^pedition  agnind  Ticonflcrop;a.— George  WafnrR- 
ton,  E\\].  eeSicd  commander  in  chief  oftheconcinentil 
fjice:.— The  biittle  at  Breed's  hiJl,  commonly  called 
Bunkei's  hill. —Georgia  accedes  to  the  union. -^Thf 
Thirteen  United  Colonies.— The  Alia  niau  of  war  fires 
%ipon  New-York— Col.  Arnold's  expedition  into  Cnna- 
dn.— Falmouth  deflioyed,  and  on  what  accouiit.— Col. 
Allen,  aa  American  officer,  taken  prironer,  and  put  in 
irons.— Gen.  Montgomery  appears  before  <2>*ebcc,  and 
is  killed  there.     ,  47 

C  H  A  p.    V. 

Ocn.  Howe  evacuates  Bofton.— Norfolk  in  Virginia  bnrnt, 
•—Sir  Peter  Parker  and  Earl  Cornwallis  fail  for  Ame. 
rica.— riie  Blockade  of  Quebec  continued.— The  Ame- 
ricans retreat  ft  om  before  'it.— A  number  of  Highland- 
ers and  Col.  Campbell  taken  at  Bollon.— Declaration  of  j 
i^menca'i  Independence.  Gen.  Howe  lands  the  royal 
arm/ ou  Long  ifiand.  67 

CHAP.    VI. 


Wretched  ftate  of  the  American  armies  under  Wafhing- 
ton  and  Gates.— T?ew- York  taken  by  the  Englilh. — The 
battle  of  the  White-Plains — A  hodv  of  Helfians  defeat- 
ed at  Trenton. —Gen.  Howe  removes  his  army  from 
Sfaten-lfland  -^Gen,  Bnrgoync  preceeds  to  Crown- 
i  omt.— Ticonderoga  and  Fort-Independence  evacua- 
ted by  the  American*;. •—Defcription  of  the  flag  oftfie 
United  States.— Battle  at  the  Brandywine.»~-Philadel' 
f  hia  taken  by  the  royal  forces.— Account  of  Mifs  M*- 
Kea's  cruel  death  by  the  Indians.*-- Americans  engage 
the  Britilh  under  Gen.  Bnrgoyne. — Diflref*;  and  calami- 
ty of  the  royal  army— Gen.  Burgoyne  bafRed  in  all  his 
defigi'.s,  and  reduce^  to  the  iaft  eJitieiUit/.>*iie  iigns 

the  coAvcAtion*  'f^S 


CONTENTS. 


V    •       C  H  A  P.     VII.  ,i     . 

Count  Donop  repulfcJ  in  the  attaclc  upon  K^A  Bank.    MtiJ 
ifland   reduced  >>y  the   Rritifh.     CongreiV   receive  the 
treatief    concluded   h'twecn    Fra'Ke   aiid  tl*e    United 
Statea.     The  Kandolph,  an   American   frigate,  blowa 
up.     Sir  Hcary  (.llrton  fucceeds  Gc'ucraJ  Howe    in    A- 
iuerica.     The  Marquis  de  lu  Faycittc,  with  2?oo  men, 
narrovrly  ^fcapes  being  cut  off  by  the    Britilh  forces. 
The  treaties  bctvfcen   France  and   tiie   United  .States 
fii^ned.     Loi'd  North's  conciliatoiy  propofit.ions.     McfT. 
Franklin,  Deauc,  and  T^ee,  have  a  public  audience  utth* 
Fsrench  court.     The  Brililh  army  evacualei  Philadel- 
phia.    Skimiflies  between   the  l^ritiiK  a^^i  Am;!ricans.** 
The  Britiih  arrive  at  Sandy    Ilook.     Coui.t  d'Kflain;;'? 
fleet  anchors  within  the  Hook.     Ccn.  jMhndon  atte*np.  s 
to    corrupt    certain    member';   of   the    congrefi.     D". 
Frankiiu  fenc  an  niiniiter  to  the  court  of  France.       ic;^ 

c  HA i».  VIII,     r 


The  Britllh  operations  againft  Georgia.  The  afTairs  sf 
the  United  St;\«pn  in  a  deplorab'c  condition.  Gen.  Li:}- 
coln  fent  to  Sonlh-Chrolira.  Gen.  Aihe  furpiifed  anvi 
deffMfdd.  Sir  Uf^nrv  Clinton  takes  Stony  Point.  Couwt 
d^h^ftaing  (ails  from  the  Weft-Indies  for  the  American 
coaft.  The  Fserth  ar.d  Amerirans  repulfcd  at  Savan- 
nah. Diftref';  of  \V'»i}iii-:;;t.);)*r>  .'\rmy,f.'>r  want  of  bifead* 
C'harltMiown  taken  i>y  the  Britifti  foi  ces.  T:trletoi)  de- 
feat-. Col.  JDiifon'.  A  French  fi^et  with  trcops  arrive 
at  Newpori.  T'-e\tv  li»!;r'?ii  !)er\reen  Holland  and  Aine- 
rioa.  F.a'K^ovnv/aliis  dcfr.its  Gen.  Gates.  Alijor  An- 
dre taktu  and  executed  as  a  fpy.  Gen.  Arnold  t^ike^  le- 
fugc  on  board  tlie  Vulture  lioop  ot  wau  117 

^       C  H  A  P.     IX. 

Sir  Henry  Clint  on  fences  3.>no  troops  to  the  Vzj  of  Chf^Ta* 
pw-4k.     The  Fieuca  aad  ii^auiili  ilt^^Jt  furm  *  jun«iUy« 


!.■■  I 


<i  ■ 


:  t.< 


H'U 


!''> ' 


I 


|i 


I 

I 


I 


CONTENTS. 

9. 

\nthi  VVfffl-Inrlies.  Mr.  Lauren  J  taken  in  his  paflfanit 
toHf>!)r4nJ.  Sir  Jofeph  Yoike  loHves  the  Hague.  I  ieut* 
\Cq\.  Tarleton  c^etichcd  after  Ger».  Morr;nn,  by  rvhom 
-yTr.rlc'ton  is  ileTeated.  ('omuvhIHs  attack  ;  Greene,  and 
ijcicat*;  him.  Sir  (ieorge  Rodney  and  Gen.  Vau,.^han 
take  St.  EnftaUa,  St.  Martin,  and  Saba.  The  FrencU 
troops  join  the  Americans  under  Waihington.  Sir  Si*  g 
mticl  liood  and  Count  de  GralTe  enga^je.  Lord  (!orn- 
VaMs  repairs  to  York-Town  and  Gloncelle;*.  A  caj)i« 
tnlalion  fettled,  and  (^ornwallis  furrenriers  the  fort",  of  j 
York-Town  and  Glonceder.  The  Britifh  fleet  and  ar« 
mv,  deftined  for  the  relief  of  Lord  Cornwallis,  arrive 
o6rChera;>c:ik  after  his  forrender,  and  confeiiucntlv  re- 
turn to  New-York.  Ds  Gruife  fails  for  the  V/eltln- 
4itt.  1^1 

•      '         CHAP.    X.  ' 


l^r.  Lftiircns  difcharred  from  hli  confinement  in  the  tower 
of  r.on(!'.»n.  Sir  Gi'or(?,c  Rodney  comes  np  with  count 
de  (}'  Avi":  in  the  W«il  Indie.'.  Thevcnpi-ase.  De  GrafTe 
i*;  vl''f'?T.?tl  and  tnken.  Th  i  necetlity  of  pe:»ct?  for  the 
Uv>'ff ,1  ^fites  of  America.  Savannaii  evacuated  by  the 
BriM'^i  forces.  (^Ji,\' lefton  al!b  evacuated.  Provlijonal 
articles  of  >eacc  (tf^ne  i  between  the  BritiHi  and  Amori- 
cra^'  comTni'nonpr.",.  The  difinitive  treat  v  of  peace  Hgn- 
cd  bstwecji  tli«  Englilli,  French,  SpauilU  and  Aineri* 


•-    ^-v,! 


'^      >      : 


^  ■■  ^  «  ^   *  "/..^ 


•*■ : 


T  K£ 


NO 


-'t^ 


K,* 


EyEFi 
)  mei 

became 
tan not  i 

of  the  oi 

Hie 
ftrait  in 
inert   na 

ijioie  fit! 
continue 
cajiinot  f 
il.irtiJh ; 
b.vtt  tiu'vi 


/  . 


^.<w. 


.•' 


*. >  •.<•  .'»^.  •  t  'l-^/     .-/^^•••. 


*     # 


*«         «*         ««         ## 


"■J-* 


X  H  £ 


HISTORY 


'4»!-jt 


O   f 


'f-H 


NORTH   AMEP^.iGA. 


■  WOITTillMMaWJ— MX*'  ■  Ji 


C  li  A  p.    I. 

E^EFORE  we  proceed  to  defcribe  Nvhat  A* 
J  merica  is  at  prelent,  or  by  what  nie::i;s  Hie 
became  iiidf  pendent  of  ihe  mother  couiitr)/  it 
tamiot  bedifiigreeahle  to  oar  renders,  lobe  in- 
fornied  of  the  perlbns,  tuilo-jis,  aud  ipanneis^ 
of  the  original  inhabitaTirs  of  North  America.  \- 
I'he  native  American  Indians  ar^  tall  and 
flrait  in  their  limbs  beyond  the  proporcion  of 
molt  nations.  Their  bodie.*?  are  i^roi.fi,  but 
lijore  fitted  to  eadure  much  Hardihip,  th^n  to 
continue  long  at  any  iervile  work,  which  fhey 
cannot  fupport.  Their  bodies  and  heaclv  Avt 
ilartiJh;  their  features  are  even  and  tf j.»,b^'^*'> 
l>Alf;t4t"hi.'i  fierc^  ;  their  hair  lor.g, 

I>;^m:1"  tank,  and  very  ltron<^,l>ut  without  beard5>\ 
yjii«  «<jlgiir   ii)f  ihtir   Ikin  is  in  rediih  Li%^'iV, 

B  iviiich 


t  I 


* 


■    1 

¥'n 


i>  w 


"- — ^  j^-  ;<f»^^  --'■^^^ 


|i' 


vir 


%  The  History  ef  ^^ 

which  m oft  of  them  admire,  and  take  propef 

Wexhods  loiinpiove.  ' 

i  lie  Europeans,  on  their  firft  arrival  in  A. 
Jiierica,  iuund  the  Indians  quite  iKiked,  except 
thole  parts,  w  hich  it  is  connjon  for  the  moik 
iinriv.lired  people  lo  conce:»l.  Since  that  tinic, 
they  have  gei  eri^lly  a  coarie  blanket  to  cover 
theui,  whicli  they  buy  from  their  neighbours. 
The  whole  lenur  of  their  lives  is  cf  a  piece  : 
th^y  ar-e  hardy,  popr,  and  lijualid  ;  and  their 
cd-*.Kacion,  fnun  thtir  infancy,  is  iolely  directed 
to  tit  I  heir  btxheb  tor  the  mode  of  life  diey  pur^ 
fue,  and  to  form  their  minds  to  inflidl  and  eu- 
dnre  the  greattil  evils.  Their  only  occupati- 
ens  are  hunting  and  war,  for  agriculture  is  left 
t«ir  ihetr  wrHjjetu  , 

As  ihvn  »h  vheir  hunting  feafon  i«ov(!r,wb'rh 
they  go  tiiroiigh  with  nnich  patience,  and  in 
lill'^h  rhey  extrt  great  ir.j3;et!uity,  they  p.if«lhd 
leittif  their  hvts  in  entire  mdojence-  They 
Jfecp  half  th*  d;>y  in  their  huts,  and  oblerve 
tjobaur.dsoi'dtceiuy  in  their  eating  and  drink- 
ihg.  B^^ore  the  Kuropeans  clifcovered  tfae!:i, 
they  hd  no  fpiritous  liquors  5  hn^  now  liiC 
jacqairemtiu  of  tlitie  is  the  piihcjpa]  objcd  of 
th-^'ir  furfuit. 

The  Indians  are;.,ray\^,  even  to  fadnefs,  in 
their  deport  men  i  u^  an  any  fef  ious  occalion, 
obfervart  of  lioic  in  compawy,  rt  fpe6f  itl  to 
the  old  ami  of  a  tctn|>er  tuol  .'.id  d^Uber.ue* 
They  are  never  in   haile  to  fperk  ^-.e^'i^e  they 

c  tho'.^ght  v\cil  of  tJl^e'J4Ui.^u^\aiiid  ^ifu  iur.*: 

^      tUe 


hii^ 


.^. 


../V 


North  Amkrtca» 


W] 


^^ 


•3ie  pcrfon,  .v?hn  fpoke  before  them,  has  finifl  f  ;l 
all  he  has  ro  fay.  They  have,  therefore,  tue 
greateft  co  uemjn  for  tfxf  vivacity  of  the  Euro- 
peavi^,  who  hiterruyt  each  ex  her,  and  ti^-? 
queiuly  Ipck  all  together.  In  the;r;  t  ih>i:« 
cuiintils  and  aflerbiblies,  «ivcry  man  fpe  dv^  a 
h':-  turn,  acct)r({in2  iishis  vear'>,  his- viftioiu,  i.,r 
his  l(?rvices  to  his  country,  h  vs  r.vi.kcd  hint;* 
Not  a  v*'ord,  not  a  whifper  i  or  a  muimur  iS 
heard  (rom  the  reft  while  h^'  fpdks  ;  nc>  Ind 
cent  condenination,  no  ill- timed  applaufe- 
The  younger  clafs  attend  far  thtir  inicriidion> 
and  here  they  learn  the  hiilory  of  theii  nitron  ; 
jhere  they  are  iLsiamed  with  the  fongs  of  thoiift 
who  celebrate  the  warlike  a<^ions  oiiheir  an* 
ceftors  ;  and  here  they  are  taugln  wh-ic  are 
the  intereftb  of  their  country,  and  bow  r^  pur- 
fue  them. 

Though  the  American  Indhn  is  miiit^f^ 
humane  and  hofpitable,  yet,  to  the  en^mlesi  fjf 
his  country,  or  to  thofe  who  hav«  pnv;iittejy 
offended  him,  he  is  implacable*  HijP^tm>fe;^H 
his  refentments,  he  appears  rccoiTci Jed ^  rill  jbjf 
fume  treachery  or  furprife,  he  has  an  ppportW 
vi'ity  of  executing  sn  horrible  w^vergc^.  -IC^ 
length  of  time  is  fufE:  ient  to  allay'  lii>5  refeM- 
ipent,  ao  dillance  of  place  great  enough  to  pro* 
U'fi  tbe  object  ;  he  crofTes  the  ftetprft  moi^t^* 
tains,  he  pierces  the  mnft  iinpervious  torelHf 
«uJ  toverfes  the  inoft  hide  nis  bog  .rnd  <*<:* 
f^rtfs  |()r  lome  hundreds  of  ujles,  berin^  'h# 
itK-lt^^^cj^  of  the  feafons,  the  fatigue   '^f  thj* 

cxpeditioQ^ 


I'.'i*' 


11  ,n 


m 


Iw 


H 


t  ' 


# 

.1 

f       ^  t 
1 


'# 


^■K 


V". 


The  HrtTdRV  «/ 


^x  peditlon,  the  extremes  of  hunfvci*  and  thirrf, 
XV  til  pariet^ce  and  cheerfuJnels,  in  hoj^es  of 
fnrprifing  his  enemy,  on  ^  horn  he  cxertilVs  the 
rhe  moft  ihocksng  barbarities. 

The  Americai.s  have  fcarcc  any  temples  ; 
for,  as  they  live  by  hunting,  inhabit  mean  cot- 
tages, and  are  given  t(^  change  their  habitation, 

'th*^y  are  feldoin  very  religious-  Some  appc::p 
to  have  little  ideas  of  God  ;  others  entertain 
better  notions,  and  hold    the  exiftence  of  thfi 

*Bn}?renie  Being,  eternal  and  uncorru|:tible, 
V'ho  has  pov^cr  over  ;»n.     Satisfied  with  own- 

*Jng  this,  which  is  tradition.iry  amoi>g  them, 
they  pay  hi  id  no  fort  c.f  \vorfliip» 

The  darling  pafhon  of  the  Americans  is  li- 
teny,  and  thui  in  itsfjHeft  extent  :  to  libertj^ 
the  tiutive  Indians  facrifice  every  tiling*  This 
is  V  hat  iriukcs  a  life   of  uncertainty  and   want 

^f^ir.rori^ble  to  them,  and  tlieir  education  is 
dirrji(  d  in  futh  a  manner  as  to  chenfh  this  dif- 
poliifon  to  thf?  utmoft.     They  are  indulged  in 

'a?r  manner  of  liberty  ;  they  are  never,  opon 
$(ry  recount,  chalUred  with  blows,  and  very 
r^icly  even  chidden. 

Thoncrh  fon^.e  tribes  are  fonnd  in  America 
tvith  a  k  ng  at  their  head,  yet  his  power  k 
i"2ithrr  perlu^five  than  coercive,  and   he  is  re- 

■V(*rtnc:'d  as  a  fuher,    more    th.^n  feared  as  a 

mr.jidrch.     He  has  no  guards,  no   prilons,  no 

'tHc^.'«  of  jndlce.     In  fome  tribes,  there  are  a 

r'nj   of  nobility,  who,    when    they    come  \<S\ 

T's^^r^  ci  difvretioni  Hrv  ^nu^Ud  tp  <i  place   uw^ 

voici 


VI 


V 


NoxTH  America. 


x/*\ 


IS 


Tote  iQ  the  councils  of  the  nation.  But  among 
the  Five  Nations,  or  Iroquois,  the  moil:  cele- 
brated commonwealth  of  iSlorih  America,  und 
in  fiMne  other  nations,  there  is  no  other  qualifi- 
cation abfolurely  neceflary  for  the  head  men, 
but  age,  with  ability  and  experience  in  iheir 
alfairs-  - 

Whenever  any  afFair  of  confequence  is  to  be 
tranfadl:ed,  they  appoint  a  itA\,  of  which  a!- 
moil  the  whole  nation  partakes.  There  are 
fmiiller  fcafts  on  matters  of  lefs  general  con- 
cern, to  which  none  are  invited  but  thole  who 
are  engaged  in  that  particular  bufmefs.  At 
tiiefc  feaiftsit  is  agaipil  all  rule  to  leave  any 
thing;  fo  that,  if  theyxiaianot  eat  all,  vhatrf* 
mains  is  thrown  into  the  fire.  They  look  U[)oa 
fire  ai  a  thing  facred,^  and  in  all  probribihty 
their  fealls  were  anciently  faarilices.  Before 
tl\e  entertainment  is  ready,  the  principal  per- 
fon  begins  a  fong,  the  fubjecl  of  which  X'^  tlie 
f'tbulous  or  real  hiilory  of  their  natioi^,  the 
remarkable  events  which  have  h^ppeued»  oMi 
whatever  matters  may  conduce  tc  their  honor 
or  inflruction.  The  other*^  {in^.  in  ih;:ir  tura 
they  have  dances  too,  v.  iih  ^vhich  they  ac- 
company their  fongs^  chieliy  of  a  martial  kind  ; 
and  no  folemnity  or  public  bufinefi.  is  carried 
on  without  fuch  fonj^s  and  dances. 

The  charge  of  the  internal  peace  and  ordf^• 
is  lik^vvife  comniitied  to  the  farx.e  council  *)f 
th*!  elders,  which  regulates  v^hatever  r(  g  iru< 
the  external  policy  of  the   ilate*     Theii;  luirs 

1^  '2,  are 


\    M 


t  ft 


m 


6 


-\ 


The  History 
mrt  few,  and  quickly  decided. 


of 


iving 


hh 


neither 


property  nor  art  enough  to  render  tftem  per- 
plexed or  tedious. 

'i  he  lofb  of  any  of  their  people!,  whether  by 
War  or  a  natural  de;*th,  js  lamented  hy  the 
whole  town  he  belongs  to.  In  luch  circuin. 
ilances  no  bulintfs  \h  taken  in  hand,  hov.ever 
important,  nor  ;my  rejo  cmgs  pernHtr?d,  how. 
ever  inierelliiig  the  occaiion,  until  ail  the 
pions  ccrtiiionus  due  to  the  dead  are  prrfonii- 
ed,  wljich  are  always  difcliarged  with  the 
grtartfl  lulfinnhy.  lire  dtad  body  is  wiiheil 
aiiuinted,  nnd  painted,  fo  as  in  fome  wieafure 
to  ab  te  the  horrors  of  death.  Then  the 
vorneu  Irttiient  the  lofv  wirh  the  ni<^ll  bitter 
cries,  and  the  nioll  hideous  bowlings,  inter- 
mixed with  fongs,  V  hif h  cclehrare  the  gteat 
j^ctitM^j.  of  th«*-  dtceif^d,  and  thofe  ot  his  an- 
t  d'M'4r.  T  he  men  nsourn  in  a  lefs  txtravqg;tnt 
fcji*<ner.  1  he  whole  village  attends  the  body 
tt>  I  \*'  jrrave, which  is  then  in i erred,  habited  in 
Th'  unslt  lu'nptnous  ornanents.  With  the 
b'^dv  ol  the  dice-. fed  are  placed  his  bom'  and 
j^r^i^^^  s  \* 'th  %i  bn:  ii*?  r?hied  nioft  in  his  Wis^ 
»?iVl  pro^  liio^is  tor  the  lorg  journ.y  he  is  r<> 
t  lif.  r  eaiting  attetjua  this,  a:>  it  dots  every 
3V»f^»t^h  ry.  ' 

Nv'»    i\  iinnre^j    (T  re^-^^rcl  to  their  decrnfed 


fri**  di  .ue  iV?  <triivin<f  •»s  vsfijit  vhry  esll  the, 
TkaW  (Tthe  Head  c-r  the  Pcail  ot  ^ovilf.  1  he 
d;v  nf  iiv:^  ^eremouy  is  ip]:)'>i]Ued  in  (h-^  i<>mv 
ell  ut  tin  iv  cliltL,  ^  ho  a  \  c^  oi  d*:r6  tor  every 

g 


tl 


ill 


NoKTil 


ICA. 


thing  that  may  enable  them  to  celebrate  it  with 
poinp  and  mag<iiticence.  The  neighbouring 
people  are  invued  to  partake  of  the  feall,  and 
10  le  vvitnefTes  of  the  foleniDity.  At  ibis  time 
all  who  have  died  i'nce  the  lalt  felemn  itiAX 
of  that  kiacf,  arc  tikeii  out  of  their  graves  ; 
thofe  who  have  been  inrerred  at  the  greatcft 
dillance  from  the  villages  are  d^iigently  fought 
after,  and  brnnght  to  this  great  rcucles&vous of 
fepuJchral  relict  v.  - 

The  (  pening  of  thefe  tombs  drfplays  one  of 
the  moit  itriking  fcenes  that  can  be  conceived^ 
This  humiliating  portrait  ot  huiiian  mifery, 
exhibited  in  fo  many  images  of  death, \^  herein 
a  thoufand  various  fhapes  of  horror  are  depicted. 


accordinp-  to  the  drfferent  rava^i-es  tbat  trmeha;i 
made  fc^rms,  altogether  a  fcene  too  indelit^c<r 
to  be  lu'^re  defcribed.  1  know  not  whkh  ouehc 
ho  aifed:us!i>oIl,  the  horror  oi  To  Itnkintr  allfiit^ 
or  thfe  tender  pietv  a -.i d  a ifecti on  or  thufc  poor 
[people  toward',  their  deparrtd  friend;*;. 

This  Urange  fe Clival  is  the  iiioit  niatYni^,rent 
|a]Ki  foJemn  of  any  thej'^  have,  nor  oniy  oik  arc* 
count  bf  the  great  conconr&  ctf  i^ati\fe:§^  irn#' 
firangers,  raid  of  the  pr)rf!ptytf.s  re  ibttt^ietit 
Ifhey  give  to  the  dead,  svhoni  they  d^els  ici  the 
fineit  (kms  they  Ciai  get :  after  hiiibg  expo  fed 
them,fome  rime  in  this  pomp,  but^fflf  iJie  gatnes 
\d.jn\]  kinds  which  they  celebrali^^tipc^i  the  or-- 
^3^40^, ill  the  fpirit  of  thnfe  i^^hi^^h  tn^ Ancient 
Tc;e]cs  ^id  Romans  cekbratedii'p<VnfiHifh(r  (V:* 
^af|on5.  In  this  manner  do  they  cfcd'^^'avor  to 
>  Ibc'ih 


V  |, , 


<  i} 


hS 


I  w. 


h  ' 


h 


i 


•h 


H'h'i: 


r» 


?! 


w,..^ 


t  W(f  History  c/"      -  v 

footh  the  calamities  of  this  life,  by  the  honor 
they  pay  to  the  dead.  Though  among  thefe 
favage  nations  this  cuftoia  is  imprefled  with 
ftrone  ^I'^i'ks  of  the  ferocity  of  their  nature; 
yet  an  hoiioar  to  the  dead,  a  tender  feeling  of 
their  abfence,  and  a  revival  of  their  tncinory, 
ar^  fome  of  the  moft  excelent  means  of  foftening 
our  rugged  netu  re  into  humanity. 

Though  the  w  omen  in  America  have  gene- 
rally the  laborious  part  of  ceconomy  upon 
rh omfelves,  yet  they  are  far  from  being  the 
flaves  they  appear,  and  are  not  at  all  fubjtd  to 
the  great  fabordination,  in  which  they  are  pla- 
ced in  countries  where  they  feem  to  be  more 
rcfpeded.  Oo  the  contrriry,  they  hold  their 
councils,  and  hive  their  ihare  in  all  delibera. 
tfons  that  concern  the  ftate  ;  nor  arc  they 
found  inferior  to  the  part  they  acl.  Polygamy 
U  pra£i:ifed  by  foeme  nations,  but  it  is  not  genr- 
riiU  In  molt  places,  they  content  themfelvcs 
with  one  wife  ;  but  a  divorce  is  admitted,  and 
for  the  fame  caufesthat  ii!  was  allowed  among 
the  Jews,  Greeks,  and  Romaui.  No  ni?rion 
of  the  AnerJcansis  without  a  regulat  marriage 
in  which  there  are  many  ccremcnies.  Incon- 
tinent before  marriage,  after  wedlock  the  chsf- 
I'ity  of  their  women  is  remarkihle.  The  pun- 
iHnnentof  the  adultrefs,  as  well  as  that  of  th^c 
adulterer,  i$  in  tSe  hands  of  the  halbai^d  hhii<- 
felf,  and  it  is  cfcen  fever^^  being  inflided  by 
him  who  is  at  once  the  party  and  the  jndge*--^ 
Their  marriages  are  not  fruitful^  feldom   pro. 

/    dancing 


NonTK  America. 


9 


Slicing  above  two  or  three  children  ;  and  front 
hence  we  may  derive  the  principal  caujl'e  of  the 
dtpopulation  of  America. 

The  manner  of  their  preparing  for  war,  and 
their  mode  of  carrying  it  on,  ieeni  peculiar  to. 
themfelves.  Ahnoft  thefole  occupation  of ib^ 
American  Indian  is  war,  or  fuch  an  exerctfe 
as  qualifies  him  f(»r  it-  His  whole  glory  con- 
lifts  in  this,  and  no  man  is  at  all  conlideVed  un* 
til  he  has  encreafed  the  ftrength  of  his  coontry 
with  a  captive,  or  adorned  his  hat  "with  the 
fcalp  of  one  of  his  enemies.  When  the  anci- 
ents refolve  upon  war,  they  do  no|:  always  de* 
clare  what  nation  it  h  they  are  detenjilned  to 
attack,  that  the  enemy,  upon  whom  they  reallf 
intend  to  fall,  may  bj^  off  their  gn»r<i  ;  and 
they  fometimeseven  /et  whole  ye^rspafs  over 
without  committing  any  aft  of  HoMity^  that 
the  vigilance  of  all  may  be  uwbent  by  thfelong 
continuance  of  the  watchi  ?n4  the  tmcertaJBiy 
of  the  danger,  , 

In  the  mean  time,  they  arc  not  idle  at  home*. 
The  principal  captain  furnmonfes  the  youth$;i>f 
the  town  to  which  he  belongs,  the  war-^ kettle 
is  fet  on  the  fire,  the  :^ar  foOg;*  j?h^  l^tjc<f* 
Commence,  the  haKhet  is  fent  t^l|tt'j^ijj»|^^&' 
mrtil  allies  of  the  fame  nation,  and'tfij^^oA 
hideous  howling^  continue,  withon^  Jatennif* 
fit)ti4;clay  and  ni^ht,  over  tht^  whole  trsi:^"  of 
[xonntrV'  The  women  add  their  crie$  «;>  thafe 
c^ftj^e  men,  lamentiitg  thofe  whom  ;fl|ey  ba^tJ 
|pi$berl#ft  in  war  •r  by  natmaldcaib,  andi  de* 

manding. 


.  .1 


'    M 


iV 


T  '»   \ 


t^ 


The  History  of 


j^ 


■*-»^'' 


t) 


Ui( 


V, 


'.. 


.fe-J 


■I 


wanding  their  places  to  be  fupplied  by  their  qbt-s 
cmies. 

The  fiiry  of  the  nation  being  thus  raifed  to 
th«  greitcll  height,  anci  a*!  longing  to  embnic 
their  hands  in  blood,  the  w  .r  captain  prepares 
the  feail,  which  confiits  of  dog^s  fielh.  All 
that  partake  of  this  fe  tit  rt*<;eive  littiv^  billeu:, 
whiQ^i  are  fo  many  e..j,^,i genie nts  they  zA>.<i  to 
bt  fiithful  to  tJuh  other,  and  (obedient  to  th«ir 
COfQrninder*  None  arc  forced  to  the  y/hv  ; 
but,  when  they  have  accept 'd  th's  billet,  they 
areLHjked  upo.i  as  cnli(ted,  and  it  is  then  dcatlt 
to  rscede.  Ail  the  vvamori  in  this  airciiihly 
ka  ve  the i  r  f ac es  b !  ac kc'  i  w  i  t  u  c h  ir c oa I ,  i  ii  re  r  - 
mixed  with  dalhes  and  itrt  aks  of  vernrlltoa, 
whic:i  give  theai  a  nioft  horrid  appearance. 
Their  hatr  is  drefTed  up  in  an  oddmaniier, 
"with  fcithcr^  of  various  kinds. 

la  this  aflV.inbly,  which  is  preparatory  to 
their  failit^ry  cx.^cdition,  the  chief  begins  the 
war  fo'ig,  which  h^vin^i  continued  ft  r  fouie 
tiave,  he  raifes  his  voic«  to  the  higheft  pitch, 
and  taming  oft'iuddcnly  in  a  iort  of  prayer^ 
he  addreile*  himfelf  to  the  God  of  war,  whom 
they  caU  Are flconi.  *'  I  invoke  thee  (fays  he) 
to  he  favourable  to  roy  enterprife  1  I  invetka 
thy  care  of  me  and  my  family  1  I  invoke  yr 
likev/ife,  all  ye  fpirirs  atul  daemons  good  and 
evil!  allyethit  are  in  the  flcies,  or  w  th^ 
«arth,  or  under  the  earth,  to  pour  deftructi.on 
ofi  our  eaeiaics,  and  to  return  me  and  my  com* 
paaiooafately  to  my  coaatry  f  AU  tb^  war* 

rjor« 


ri 


i:r 


'^     V 


North  AMfij^rcA. 


# 


\_   ,«•  -i 


ricrs  join  Itim  in  this  prayer  with  fliouts  and 
latclymations.  The  cfljjtain  renews  his  iong^ 
ftrikes  hif  clnb  againftibe  flakes  t)f  the  cot tjige^ 
and  begins  the  war-tairce,  accompanied  with 
[the  (hours  of  ail  hie  compwinions,  which  conii* 
Lie  as  loTig  as  he  dancrs  ; 

Oil  the  liay  apjToinied  for  their  departur^,^ 
:hey  take  Ua  c  of  their  friends,    and    change 
heiv  tlorhes,  or  uhat  i/iovables  they   have,  m 
ioken  of  ffixMidlhip.     Their  wives   and  femaiif 
eL'tions  go   out  Ijefore  them,   and  attend  at 
feme  diftance  from  the  town.     1  he   WrirriorS 
march  out  all  drel]<  d  in  li^ir  fir  eft  apparel  ^nd 
rnuit  ih«)vy  ornam  cuts,  regtiarly  one  after  an-^ 
:.ither,  foe   iluy  never  n^arch  in  rahk*     Theif^- 
tint]  walks  fiowly  on  before  them,  flnging  the 
If^athibng,  while  ihe  rfft  preferv/   the   ir.eft 
profound  file  nee.     When  they  tcrtie  up  W>  the 
^orneu,  rhe^'  deliver  to  them  all  their  Winery, 
!ut  on  their  worft  clothes,  and  then  pixcecdw 
[heir  comtnarder  dire^His* 

The  I nd i an >  itldvin  enga ge  in  a  ;%i ar  i^l^ 
rK?r.ives  common  to  Europe  :  they  h»ve  fk>:  ©*-, 
[aerend  hue  the  glory  of  viftory,  0r"1:he  ti0^^^^^^ 
lelir  of  iheir  f laves,  which  itenabtes  ||biffi  t^i 

i;i3|iheir  nation,  or  facrrfice  to  .t|r«g!^^fi^^^ 
sry^^^^arnd  it  is  very  feldoni,  that  ihf*>r<^l&.ia3dty 
tains  to  give  their  war.^  even  the  t^^c^ltuir  cff 
tiftice?^.  't%ty  fiH  1  an  h:  runes  on  oil^e  jiij^^xj^^^^^^^^^ 
mdib^'weti  nes  on  another  ,?j>d  fu^iijr  ill,  iiitrl#' 
^'xheir^jjunicrv;,  whom  tluiy  icalp^  fti^<31l|*^^^ 
f«|^^f^rilai;ver$.     'i  heir  •ie«atott?||^|^#r  ^ 

thi$ 


>    I- If 


i! 


C'l 


t,  ^ !» I , 


■  ih, 


ill 


4  2 


'■i: 


Tic  HiiJTo^Y  ft/t 


ki- 


-^  '■*] 


fA 


',t 


!»• 


I  »i 


i:    ( 


>  I, 


this,  or  rather  encourage  it,  as  it  tends  to  tc^p 
up  the  martial  fpirit  of  the  people,  enures  thciii 
to  watchfuhicfsand  hardiljips,  and  gives  thtinl 
an  cnriy  tiifte  for  blood.  The  quuluieb  of  au 
Indian  war  are  vigilance  i  sicention>  and  to 
give  and  avoid  a  lurprife  ;  and  patience  ajij 
Ibength  to  endure  the  intolerable  fatigues  anJ 
liardlhips  which  always  attend  it. 

They  often  enter  a  village  while  the  flrength 
of  the  nation  is  employed  in  hunting,  and  inal- 
lacriJ  all  the  helplels  old  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren, or  nialvci  priibners  of  as  many  as  they  cun 
manage,  or  havf^  ltren|>;th  enough  to  be  ufeful 
10  their  natioil.  They  often  cut  offfmall  par«| 
^iespfinen  iu  their  huntings ;  but  when  theyl 
cjilcover  an  army  of  their  c  nemies,  their  wayf 
is  ,to  tKroxv  themfel  ves  flat  on  their  faces  ainon^fj 
the  withered  leayes,  the  colour  of  which  theii'| 
bodies  ifre  painted  cxadly  to  refemble.  The] 
generally  leta^part  pafs  unriioleiitd,  and  then, 
riling  a  fiftle,  they  take  aim,  being  excellent 
markraien,  and  i'etting  up  a  tremeriduus  fliour 
^hith  tiirycc^ll  the  war-cry,  they  pi>ur  a  ftreaii 
of  muiket  bullets  on  tlie  enemy,  having  ion; 
linceiaid  afuie  the  ufe  ofirrrows.  1  he  part] 
a,ttack:-d  returns  the  fan^e  cry.  Every  «ian  in 
{i3lli'^  retires  behind  a  tree,  returns  the  lire  oi 
the  '.jidverifi  party,  as  f  )on  as  they  aiij^  frort 
the  gi'oundto  give  tlie  fecond  djfchar^i^e. 

liavinjr  fought  fometime  in  thismaunfr,  tlij 
partv  wiijch  thi!ikiit  has  the  advantage  lujhe 
out  cf  iti  cover,  vyith  fmaliaxss  \ti  their  hu  •vl; 

_vhi< 


'•^ 


-  >,' 


'^ 


KORTH  Amehica. 


'X-    .   '^ 


J  3 


which  they  dart  with  great  addrefs  and  dexte. 
rity.  They  redouble  iheir  cry,  iiitimidite 
their  enemies  >\ith  menaces,  and  encourage 
each  other  with  a  boaftf'ul  djfplay  of  their  ov. n 
brave  adions.  Thus,  beiiig  come  hand  to 
hand,  the  conteft  is  iVon  decided,  and  the  con« 
qnerors  laiicite  iheir  lavage  hiry  with  the  wUt 
ihtrkii^g  inliil  s  and  baibaiines  to  the  dead, 
biiinjr  tl)tir  fitlli,  tear  no  iliur  I'caljs  fVoiii 
their  hecdfj  and  v  aliov  i*  g  iv  their  bleed,  ]ike 
the  vi!d  beifl  (^t  the  h  rtit.  The  fate  of  their 
prifoiicrs  is  indeed  n»iierrb]e«  During  the 
greater  part  of  their  j^)i>ri^ey  ]<onit*w»rds  they 
iufler  no  irjiiry  ;butv  hen  they  arrive  at  rhe 
jtcrritories  c>f  the  coriquerii  g  ftatc,  or  at  t^>ofe 
of  their  allies,  the  j  eople  fievoi  ev^iy  village 
jneet  them,  and  t1  irk  they  ilicw  xhe\t  attach- 
ment to  their  friends  by  the  barbarot^f  tne^t- 
iTient  of  the  unhsppy  victims  5  who  ontheV  ar- 
ival  at  their  destined  (btion,  generally  bring 
irhthem  marks  of  the  moit  cruei  *nd  nierci- 
leis  treatment. 

1  he  conquerors  enter  the  town  hi  triumph  ; 
[the  w?r  captain  m  aits  ufon  the  head  n?en,  and 
lira  low  voice  gives  them  a  <irci>«iftai>ikl  i»^ 
katnl  cf  every  panicukr  of  the  expedition,  of 
jilte  dan^cges  the  enemy  have  fufFered,  and  hiji> 
vnirjsin  it.  This  being  dene  thr  pubhc^ 
1  G|<'r ! :c4art€s  the  wliole  to  the  people*  Eeffire 
[}fy-yf^Jd  to  I  he  joy  Vvhich  ihe  viclorj^ii^cca-. 
i'litvtjif^  lan.cnt  x)  v  irier^ds  they  have  k^it,  in 

m  imfSj^of  it.     Th^  ,p*r:ies  tm>il  neirly 

C  '      .        cbDC-rned 


'  ( 


!'  i' 


'*  t 


I 


•f 

I  ■ 

'  V  1 

P 

m 

ll 

t'-:  ft  »' 


M 


r*ir  History  «/ 


cocerncd  are  apparentlj''  aflii<5led  with  a  d^ff 
niid  real  lorrow  ;  but,  by  one  of  thofe  ftrang<ft 
turns  of  the  human  mind,  fifhioned  to  i\i\f 
thing  by  cullom,  as  if  they  were  difciplined  in 
tneir  grief,  upon  the  fignal  for  rejoicing,  in  t 
moment  the  tears  'are  wiped  from  rlieir  eyes, 
and  they  ruih  into  an  extravagance  and  phren* 
7,y  of  joy  for  their  vidory.  All  this  tin»e  the 
fate  of  the  prifonrrs  remains  nndecidtd,  until 
the  old  men  meet,  and  determine  concerning 
their  diftribntion. 

Jt  is  ufual  to  offer  a  flave  to  C5cii  hoiife  that 
has  loft  a  friend,  giving  the  preference  accord, 
iiig  to  the  greatnefs  of  the  lofs.  Tlie  perfon 
^^'ho  has  taken  the  captive  attends  him  to  the 
door  of  tijparty^s  cottage,  where  he  delivers 
hini,  and  with  hi/n  gives  a  belt  of  wampum,  to 
fhcw  that  he  has  fulfilled  the  purpoie  of  the 
expedition,  in  fupplying  the  lofs  of  a  citizen. 
They  for  fome  time  view  the  prefent  that  is 
made  them,  and  according  a«  they  think  him 
or  her,  for  the  lex  matters  not,  proper  or  im- 
p«of>ei'  for  bufniefs  of  the  faititlly,  or  ns  they 
f'i^ke  a  capricious  liking  or  difpleafure  to  rhc 
countenance  of  the  vi6lim,  or  in  proportion  to 
their  natural  barbarity,  or  thtir  refentment  for 
iheirlofies,  they  decide  whether  they  wtU  re- 
ceive him  into  the  fan/ilv,  or  fentericc  hinv  to 
death.  If  they  be  receiv^ed  into  the  fau€lyJ 
happy  is  their  lot,  as  they  are  then  accept cc|iib- 
to  the  place  of  the  father,  fon  or  hu*lhan#tW»t] 
islo/t  ;  »irvJi  they  have  no  other  msrk  oF'tliifi! 

luiptiivJty^ 


Np/iTU  Amzrica* 


15 


ftraijg« 
to  ;ai]f 
lined  in 
ng,  in  t 
ir  eyes, 
p!)ren* 
ime  the 
3,  uiuil 
cerning 

life  that 
accord- 
:  perfon 
1  to  the 
delivers 
jpum,  to 
5  of  the 
I  citizen. 
.  that  is 
iftik  him 
;r  or  im- 
^  ns  they 
re  to  rhc 
ortion  to 
men t  for 
wtU  re> 
e' hi rtv  to 

leptccii^- 
ban#;H5fflr 

;  -oF'tlieir 

•aptiivaty, 


^ptivity,  but  that  of  not  being  faffered  to  re- 
turn  to  their  own  country,  to  attempt  which 
wonlH  be  certiin  death.  On  the  contrary,  if 
they  dillike  the  captive,  they  throw  away  this 
belt  with  indignation.  Then  it  is  no  longer 
in  the  power  of  any  one  to  lave  him,  the  natiou 
is  aU'emblt'd  as  upon  lome  great  folcmnity,  si 
fc-itrold  is  raii'fd,  and  the  prifoner  tied  to  the 
ftake.  He  inftantly  begins  his  death  fong,  and 
prepares  for  the  enfuiTTg  fcene  of  cruelty  with 
molt  undaunted  courage- — On  the  other  fide^ 
tliey  prepare  to  put  it  to  the  ntmoft  proof, 
with  every  torment  that  the  mind  of  man  inge- 
nious inmifchief  can  devife. 

Ic  would  be  too  fhockingfor  the  ear  of  our 
youthful  reader  to  be  told  what  inhuman  tor- 
tures are  in  liiobd  on  him,  till  at  lafl,  one  of 
the  chiefs,  out  of  companion,  or  weary  with 
cruelty,  genereally  puts  gn  end  to  his  life  with 
a  club  or  a  dagger-  The  body  is  then  put  in- 
to the  kettle,  and  this  barbarous  employment 
is  fucceded  by  a  fea ft  equally  inhuman. 

On  this  occalipn,  the -women,  forge ttili^ the 
female  nature,  and  transferring  themfelves  in* 
to  Tomcthing  worfe  than  furies,  a6t  their  parts, 
and  even  outdo  the  men  in  this  fcene  of  horror. 
The  prin<;ipa!  pcrfons  of  the  counirv  fet  round 
th^ftakefmoaking,  and  looking  on  without  the 
le^ft  emotion.  What  is  moft  extraordinaiy, 
the  lufterer  hinjfelf,  in  the  little  intervals  of 
his  t0r{nent;«,  fmoaks  alfo,  appears  unconcern- 
td,  and  c^iiverfe*  with  i|i>  tort^urer$  about  in- 

riiiferent 


:<irn:) 


''!  > 


',  ii 


'«! 


f 


1     V. 


^f: 


(, 


-*.> 


-\   ^t-,-. 


.v> 


.r 


-i'  . ' 


& 


The  History  of 


'n^. 


d'fferent  iTiitters.*  TrKJeed  during  the  'Whole 
ti;ne  of  his  execution  there  fee  ns  a  co:it?{t  be- 
tweea  him  and  them,  which  fh  11  exceed,  the/ 
m  infl.dingthe  moit  horrid  pains,  or  he  in  en. 
during  them  .vith  a  firrn.»efs  and  conttincy  ai- 
med .'hove  hiiTTun.  Not  a  groan,  not  a  figh, 
not  a  d  (t^rtion  of  countenance,  efcjpes  hitn; 
he  pollt'lTes  his  mind  entirely  in  the  midllofhis 
turniet)ts  !  he  recounts  his  own  exploits,  in- 
forms  them  what  cruelties  he  hid  inflicted  apon 
tlieir  (  ountrymen,  and  threatens  them  with  the 
revenp-e  thit  will  attend  his  death  ;  and  tho* 
.his  reproaches  exalperatc  them  to  a  perfect 
ftite  of  rnadnefs,  rag«?,  and  fury,  he  continues 
hh  reproaches  e^'en  of  their  i^rnorance  in  the 
aCl  of  tormenting,  pointing  oujp  hirnfelf  aioi-e 
exqniGre  methods,  and  more  fenfible  parts  of 
the  body  to  be  afni^ed.  ^^      «^-  ..t^^^-  ^^;.v4 

We  do  nor  dwell  upon  thefe  circumftances, 
of  crnelty,  which  fo  much  degrade  homan  na- 
ture, o;u  of  choice*  •  but  as  all,  who  meritioii 
the  ci\{\  >'T»s  of  this  p  !ople,  have  very  particu- 
larlyinfirted  upon  their  behavior  in  this  refpefl ; 
and  as  it  f^cnns  necefijry,  in  order  to  give  a 
true  idea  of  their  chancier,  we  do  not  choofe 
wholly  to  omit  it.  Icferves  \o  fhew,  in  the 
(Irongeit  litrht,  to  what  an  inconceivable  de- 
gree of  barbarity  the  paflionsof  men  lei.  hKO&; 
will  carry  them.  Ir  will  p  >int  out  to  oi  JtSfi 
advantages  of  a  religion  that  teaches  a  <^om|KiU 
fion  ro  oir  enemies,  which  Is  neicber  known 
nor  practiled  in  other  religions  ;  aad  i|,  will 

duke 


malce  us 


KoPvTH  America. 


.1? 


ai'tlic  U3  more  fcnfible,  than  fc.Tte  appear  to  be, 
of  tiiti  value  of  comn|irrce,  the  benehts  of  a  ci- 
viiized  life,  and  the  lights  derived  froru  litera- 
ture, which,  if  they  have  abated  tie  force  of 
fome  bl  the  ivJtural  vu'tues  by  the  luxiiries 
Avhich  attend  the  lii,  have  taken  out  i  kewiic  the 
liing  of  our  naiional  vices,  and  foftened  tht? 
/erociiyoi  the  bunuii  rice,  withoiuenervaringr 
their  courage.  On  the  other  h.nul,  the  con* 
ibncyof  the  fulFerers  in  this  trying  fccne, 
ihovvs  the  wonderful  powers  of  an  early  inUi* 
tucion,  and -i  ferocious  thlrft  of  glory,  which 
makes  men  imitate  and  exceed  what  philofo- 
phy,  3!vd  even  rehgion,  do  not  produce^  . 

Having  thus  taken  a  curfory  review  of  the 
CMi[<rui3and  manners  of  the  origiiul  native* 
cf  North  America,  we  iliall  now  proceed  to 
j>ive  -in  account  of  the  firft  fettlement  of  the 
Britifji  coionie-s,  and  ihew  from  what  fmalt  be- 
ginnings trnie  hasi-iufed  thein  to  an  imnifnfe 
repuhhc,  under  the  title  of  the  United,  and  ii>- 
di.^pendcnt  States  of  America.  In  order  to  vid. 
compliih  this  matter,  we  hive  given  a  general 
hiilory  of  the  lite  ;var,  which  ended  in  the  lofs 
of  thirteen  }3riti(h  American  colonies.  The 
dilFtTent  lieges  and  batiles  thit  took  place  du* 
ring  that  period,  we  Ihall  defcribc  as  copiouHy 
as  our  n«irrow  liinits  ^ii\  permit  us*    ' 


^■i'\ 


h   >l 


']■   T  '-i 


n   1    ) 


Ca 


CHAP. 


ife 


The  History  of 


s  > 


>l» 


■r 


5M 


CHAPr  II. 

'^EVEPiALof  the  mofl  zealous  and  emi- 
\3  nefit  proteltancs,  ill  the  reign  of  Edward 
VJ.  o;ipoled  trie  popilh  cereuioiiies  and  h  ibics, 
fhojcrh  Qtherwife  united  to  their  brethren  in 
*#etigious  tenets.'  Hu  id  reds  of  thein  ileu  into 
fort^ign  p^rts  to  avoid  perfecutions,  where  they 
ct^iin-^wliid  tlieiiifelvcjs  withproreitarits  oi"'o:her 
nations,  whu  were  equilly  ardiiousfora  refor- 
mation. 

*  Upo.i  the  acceili)':i  of  ^)j.i2en  Elizabeth,  \a 
|<J58,  th=;  refur^es returned  to  England,  \okd- 
©d  vith  experience  and  learning,  but  in  the 
utmoit  dillrefsand  poverty .  Thofe  of  the  clergy 
I  iV{,o  could  comply  with  tha  O^ieen's  eiliblilh- 
ineQt,vv0re  quickly  preferred  ;  but  the  reil, 
af?tr J^^^ag  permitted  to  prcacli  awhile,  were 
fej?eftded,  and  reduced  10  thtir  forinor  indi- 
gency* 

'Tht  glergy  andl.iity,  who  wifiied  for  grea- 
ter ectlefialticd  purity,  ftruggled  hird  for  th'^ 
«ibol'Jh"ii  uit  of  popifn  cereriioriles  :ind  hiblcs, 
or  at  U^ail,  leaving  the  ufe  o^  th^jm  indiiiercjut 
ill  divine  lervice,  by  which,  ihey  obtained  no- 
tiiin'j  but  the  honorable  nick  name  of  PUiiF- 
I'AI'^JS.  Qjieen  Ehzabeth  had  enough  of,  thi5 
Mooii  at  tear)''  the  Eighth  to  nir^kc  her  irnpa- 
tient  of  ar^5qppafitiou  lo  htv  will,  efhccially  in 
7n.> Iters  of  l'C;r:rion,  in  which  (he  had  ^n  \\\ah 
o^/iuicy  vf  her  cwii   kiiywicdjnc  ;  and^  cluriH'^j 

}--r 


North  America. 


i<> 


her  whole  reiga,  fhe  kept  down  the  puritans 
with  an  unifonn  and  iiiliexible  ie/Crity.  Th« 
merits,  ht)wever,  of  their  laifiritig,  the  afFec* 
ted  plainnefs  of  their  drefs,  the  gravity  of  their 
(leportraent,  and  the  ufe  of  icripture  phrafes  oa 
the  niofl:  ordinary  occafions,  and  even  their 
mines,  which  had  in  thL*m  ft^mething  rtriking 
and  venerable,  as  heing  borrowed  from  tlie  Ojd 
Teitavnent,  gained  them  a  general  elteeni  Hy 
mong  fobcr  people  of  ordinary  underftandings. 

When  King  J:anes  came  to  the  throne,  be 
had  a  very  fiir  opportunity  of  picyfying  mat- 
ters ;  or,  at  lead:,  he  might  have  left  them  ia 
the  condition  he  found  them.  On  the  contrary, 
he  fiiffered  th':m  to  be  peri'ecuted,  but  not  de^ 
llroyed  ;  they  were  exafperated,  and  yet  left 
po.verfnl;  and  tlie  then  uiiniftry,  like  thofe  vvho; 
tatily  loll  us  our  colonies,  expc>f'ul.4'hoir  qwa 
▼/cakiic'fi,  ignorance^  and  b a fe n ef^,  by  au;t^ ti- 
mid fe  verity  .       . 

In  this  UcJte  matters  remiined,  nr>til  thfi  ac» 
ce  fj  i  o n  of  C  h  a  rl e  s  t h  e  F i i  ft ,  w  he  a  t  hey  w  ere 
far  from  being  mended.  Thi'.  pr>^Ke,  endov/- 
cd  with  ibme  virtues,  hid  .ve;ry  f^w  aniiible 
ijiKilities.  A>  grave  as  the  puritans  thcmfelves, 
he  cjuld  never  eniao-e  the  licentious  part  of 
t^ie  worhi  in  hisfavoar  ;  and  thit  gr^vie)  biding 
t'i-nied  agii  lit  the  purit.iU'i,  mid?  hiai  rn^re 
rvdioiG  to  them.  He  gave  hlMijeif  tip  i^iuircly 
«^<>ihc  church  and  church (neii,aai5fli  Ue- finiihed 
his  JH  con  iud,  in  this  refpccV^ily 'conferring 
pli^:J^ik1|^eccle{iaItical  4'o''^^'y  ^f  iiia   kin^^jij^^ra, 


;i 


¥' 


lit 

;  r  m 

.1")    -i]  l| 
If:  il 

t,.tl        *! 


^'I 


^i 


i-i  u. 


t^. 


•  -J. 


%i 


id 


thif  Hrstojtr  af 


and  a  great  fvay  in  temporal  affiirs,  ivpen  fir** 
Laud,  who,  hardly  He  to  clirett  a  'tollege,  was 
cnrriifted  with  the  govern iiieiU  of  an  empire* 
The  puritans  conlidered  the  nioft  dreary 
reahns,  sind  the  molt  unfrequented  regions, 
^here  they  could  enjoy  liberty  of  Gonftience, 
as  fnperior  to  tho  iiioii:  fplendid  p^hces,  where 
they  v/ere  to  be  governed  by  Laud.  In  con- 
iV  que  nee  of  thefe  aifaifeftioiis,  a  Utile  colony 
failed  from  England,  and  eftabliflied  itfeif  at  a 
pl.iQS  called  Nt^v/- Plymouth,  on  the  continent 
cf  Amei  ica*     This  h^ippened  in  1620. 

They  vvere  but  few  in  number,  they  landed 
in  abadfeafm,  and  were  fnppVied  only  from 
their    private    funds.     I'he.  winter  was  pre- 
niariire,    and    excremely  cold.     I'he  country 
Was  every  where  covered  with  wood,   and  af* 
forded  very  little  for  the    refrcihment  of  per* 
fons  (kkly  withfuch  a  voyage,  or  even  tor  the 
iubfdcenance  of  an  inf mt  |.eople.     Nearly  half 
t)f  them  periibed  by  the  fcurvy,  by  want,  and 
the  feverity   of   the  tlinute  ;   but    thois  who 
furvived,  not  dJfpirited  with  their  lofll's,   not* 
with  the  hardlhip#  they  v.'ere  it'll  to  endure, 
fupported   by   the   vigor  which  w^is  then  the 
thara(51tT  of  Engliihmcn,  and  by  the  fatisfadion 
of  finding  themfelveS  out   of  the  reach  of  the 
Spiritual  arm,  were  enabled  to  procure  in  this 
favage  country,  a  tolerable  livelihood,  and  by 
degrees  a  conifor table  fubfiltence  for  their.fdvef 
and  their  families. 

I'he  pc  opie  of  New^  Plyaioiitlj,  Uaving  clear- 


cd  the  \v 


They  d 
tlves  t4>  th 
0  Connecli 

lantarion; 
nil  V/^ath: 
ffer  fully 
^itr-ichufe 
Ctjon,  ent 

Nnjfeives, 
rnJnintT  tli 

|o  the  niern 


h    4 


■ir" 


'W 


•>» 


Na^TH   AMKRTCA<f 


A^. 


•t  ^ 


« 


■■% 


ed  the  w^y  for  other  fuTcfrt-rs  ro  fetrle,  m  A- 

incffica,  ^.vith  lefs  diili  ai :/    a:id    d^iig/r    th-a?r 

what  they  h  itl  e^cperieiice  1  ;   the  f  im  •:  of  tlieir 

pJ:rnratioa  fpre:iding  thro  icri  the  weiiern  rart 

of   England,  and   tlu    gjviriiinent    in  c  iai\  h 

and  il'ue  g'owin<^  everv   diy   iiior^*  u-)prelliv'e, 

ithe  terriroi'v   ^.>f  ti*    ;vl  ilFich  .i<.e  r's    Biv    vas' 

mrdiaied  of  the  Plymi^uch  co.incd,    in    i6;8, 

?,id  a  coiipmy  r.)oa  Fnr  a-"  t,  wh  >  cofifilce  J  on 

ertliag  a  plintation,  to  which  non  co  nforming 

urttans  tniglit  emigrire,    in    ordsr   19   eujoy 

heir  own  principles  m  full  fecu^ity.'^' '  '"'^ 

In  16^0,  a  large  co;rpiny  arrivdl  it  Salem, 
onfifting  ofrnorethcin  fifieen  hnndred  perfuns 
ro?nd iff-- rent  counties  in  England.  From  tlie 
eginningof  the  colony,  uniil  the  ernigr^non 
:eafed,  in  1640,  through  a  c hinge  of  «fFiirs 
u  England,  there  arrived  in  29i  veffels,  3- 
out  21,200  fettlers,  men,  vvjinjii,  and  child- 
en,  or  fonr  thoufand  families. 

They   did  not    however,   all  confine    them- 

elves  ta>  this  colony  :  feveral    families  removed 

oConneclicut river,  by  mutual  agreement  with 

heir  fell.nv  emigrants,  who  remained  behind* 

lantarions  were  formed  at  Hartford,  Windfor 

nil  V/eathersfield.   Tae inhabitants  being  fooa 

frer  fully  i'atisfied,  that  they  were   out  of  t^ie 

itfachufett's  lirfnits,  and  of  co-ir  V  its    ju^'sf- 

iftion,  entered    into  a  combinition     among 

iirilclveij)^j.^jjfj»l^gg^  became  a  body  politic,   without  re. 

iraining  the  freedom  ofrheircivd  government 
^S  ^*^'^j]j  |o  the  niemberfhip  of  their  churches,  Jtwl  pro^ 


en  t)i*« 

le,  was 
empire* 
dreary 
eg:  ens, 
Itience, 
^  wherci 
In  con- 
colony 
felf  at  a 
jniiueni: 

f  landed 
ly  from 
^as  pre- 
country 
and  af* 
of  per* 
Tof  the 
ly  half 
,  and 
)i2  who 
:s,   nor* 
end  tvre, 
hen  the 
Isfadion 
of  iht 
in  thiB 
and  by 


nt 


Ml!      '  ''3 


n 


'i 


\ 


^1 

■ 
■  : 


m 


at 


The  HisroiiY  •/  f 


f1:.^P 


Pi 


:Z  ? 


ceeded  to  the  choice  of  uiagiftrates  and  rcpre*. 
fenta  lives.  v  . 

^■>  Two  large  ihips  arrived  at  Maflachufetts 
Bay,  in  1637,  wit  11  palVengers  fruiw  london- 
Grear  pains  were  taken  io  prevail  upon  then 
to  remain  in  the  colony  ;  but  they  liv:)p2d,  bj 
moving  to  a  coiifiderjble  dift.uice,  to  be  ouc 
of  the  reach  of  a  general  governor,  with  whom 
the  couniry  was  then  threatened.  The/  fent 
to  their  friends  in  Con nedicut  to  purchase  of| 
the  natives  the  liindb  lying  between  them  and 
Hndfors  river.  They  then  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  a  iionrifhing  colony,  of  which  New- 
Haven  was  rhec;ipital.  Connedicut  and  New- 
Haven  continued  two  ^iftincl  colonies  for  m^any 
years.  At  length  the  general  .court  cf  Con- 
necticut determined  to  prefer  an  addrefs  and 
petition  to  Charles  the  Second,  profefling  tht^ic 
liibjedion  and  loyalty  to  his  niajelty,  and  foil- 
citing  a  royal  charter  ;  and  John  Winthrop, 
Efq.  who  had  been  chofen  governor,  was  ap- 
pointed to  negociate  the  affair  with  the  king. 
He  fucceeded,  and  a  royal  charter  was  obtain- 
f d,  coniHtating  the  two  colonies  forever  oiiC 
body  corporate  and  politic^ 

Mr.  Roger  Williams,  a  paftor  of  thechnrch 
of  Salem,  being  banifhed  from  the  MrlFacbu- 
fetts,  on  account  of  fome  religious  difputes, 
went  to  the  Narraganfet  counti^y,  accompani- 
ed with  twelve  coniptnions,  and  had  laiid  givc:n 
him  by  the  Indian  fachem  Canonicus ;  of  wlVomj 
ke  atter w^ardspi^diafed  th^  Urge  trac^,   lyinjj 

bttweei 


hetwe«t 
great  fa] 
name  figi 
fence  of  < 
hisdillrei 
The  a] 
anorher  J 
#d  ail  the^ 
few  alloc 
the  Maffa 
^^'i^at  the^ 
Jnany,  anc 
ihe  heads 
friendly  n 
icd  them  t 
ill  the  yeaj 
Iproc  nri  no- 
New.  H 
ibout  the 
by  d'fferei 
[tents,  and 
"elves  by  tij 
|tj*ade  aflioi 
1  he  coll 
ttearion, 
amed  it  tl 
econd  r^i] 
n  March 
*o'k,  the 
ar»ivs  hf  thi 
^'e   Ddav\ 
oi^f  err  in  2 


NoRfH  America. 


■si 


■J'-^'-'tH.'-    It^ 


.-.\.*V 


feetwe^t  Fa'wtiVciL  t  and  Pawtiiral  rivers,  (the 
great  falls  and  the  little  falls,  as  the  Indian 
name  fignifies)  and  ftiled  it  Providence^  from  a 
fence  of  God's  merciful  providence  to  him  in 
hisdillrefs^ 

The  authority  and  power  of  Miantonomy^ 
another  iacheni,  and  his  uncle  Canonicus,  aw- 
#d  allthelndidns  rdund  to  affi-ft  him  and  hit 
few  affociates.  When  the  determinations  of 
the  Maflachufetts  generiil  court,  occalioned  by 
\\'i\at  they  called  antinomian  difputes,  banifted 
jnany,  and  inducedi  others  to  leave  the  colony, 
the  heads  of  the  party  were  entertained  in  st 
friendly  mafiner  by  Mr-  Williams,  who  advi- 
ied  them  to  feek  a  fettlenient  on  R  hode-  Ifland, 
Jin  the  year  163S,  and  was  ver)  inftrumcutai  ia 
procuring  it  of  the  Indian  fachems. 

New  Hamplhireand  the  Main  were   fettled 

ibout  the  fame  time  with  tlve   Maffachuietts, 

[hyd'fferent  proprietors,  who  had  obtained  pa- 

[tents,  and  vvhofe  views  were  to  enrich  them- 

fel  ves  Ly  the  fiihing  trade  at  fea,  and  the  beaver 

Itrane  aOiore.  ,         . 

The  colony  of  New- York  demands  our  next 
ttte^rion,  The  Dntch  had  fettled  h,  and 
lamed  it  the  New- Netherlands.  Charles  the 
•econd  refolved  upon  itsconqiiertin  1664;  and 
in  March  granted  to  his  biother,  the  Dnke  of 
[a  o'k,  the  region  extending  from  the  wcitern 
bav'ks  of  the  Connedicut  to  tlie  eallern  iliore  of 
liie  Delaware,  together  with  ^l4.oiig.  Illand^ 
■oi^icrring;  on  him  the  civil  and  .military  povv'- 

CIS 


ff 


.U' 


N: 


M     r 


■fV- 


f 

1  ,    i 

^  ■'" 

'■■ .  ! 

f- 

!i 

.- 

'} 

'.'*;- 

> 

■ 

'■■-1 

i,       i  ■  - 

•    J 

'^l''~' 

„   ^ 

■'.,  '■, 

■    t 

">.* 

r 

1 

i 

r       'i 

:^^* 


24 


TA^  History  of 


y>f- 


with  four  frigates  and  three  hundred  foldiers 
to  ffitctithe  bufinefs.     The   Dutch  go\eruo^- 
ben  g  un  ble  to  make  refifta/ice,  the  Kew.Ne. 
theriaiido  lubsniittd  ro  tfie  EngUlh  crown,    h\\ 
September,  without  any  oiher  th;»nge   than  of 
rules.     Few  of  the  Dutch  renjoved,    and   Ni- 
chc.ls  inihnrly  entered  upon  the  exercife  ct  hisl 
power,  as  dejuty-govenior  for  the  Duke   ol| 
York,  the  proprietary.       <         v^^  ,. 

About  the  fame  time,    1664,   rvew-jerfey, 
uhich  \Mis  alio  t^ken  from  the    Dutch,   wuol 
u<^rf  crnlidered  as  having  no  right  to   any  of 
t,hejr  fetileiD-ents  in    thei'e  parts  of  AiMcrica, 
vere  irukided  in   the   grant   to   the  Duke   ofl 
Yo!  k»     1  he  Duke  dilpofed  of  it  to  Lord  Bprl 
ley  :aid  S  r  George  Ciirteret,    who  being  fokl 
proprietors,  for  the  better   fettle  men  t    of  ii, 
agrceii  u^ou  certain  cotifbiutioris  of  govern- 
ment, fo  A  ell  1  keil.  th3tthe  eailernpiirts.wete 
ibon  confiderably  peopled.  /  K 

I'juial  name  of  all   tfift 


irginia  ua.-   tut-  or 


crn  colon} 

out  any    c 

that  naiiie 

[obtained  t 

We  con 

Ifirftemigr; 

I  of  twohur 

Itune    and 

iKomari  Ca 

)f  confcien 

)rofel]ion. 

veniber,  ar 

cirnore,  vei 
Jrefents  of 
tndi.uis,  an 
[Vilion  of  rh 
fi  he  count 
indfurniif 
^migrants  1 
\(hm  to  ren 

Carolina 


Englilh  NcTiMh   American    continental  clainu^ 
given  in  honor  to  the  virgin  queen  Elizabeth. 
-Ki.tg  Jjiiies  being  applied    to,  granted  ^'ttcr^B^jiv^   ,!^V 
;!;•        pitent  to  a  body  of  gentlemen,    on  the  6th  of  Bvj^    Maff 
;;  I       Aprdy  i6c6,  with  powers  to  divide  themielve:^ 
■^  ;  into  two  diitind:  companies,  the  one  conijilin| 

■  V''        cf  London    adventurers,   called   the  hi  it,    oc 


fouthern  c<'lony  of  Virginia  ;  the  fbcond,  o 
iKxtht  rn  colony  cotnpofed  of  merctiantj^,  t^z 
iOi  g  Mg  to  Bnilol.  Pi)  u>o'Jtii,  anu  Exeter 


lonfidcrcu 
'om  tljena 

^''■!.^',  S3  a  r 

*io  (nijr.e  ci 


.fe: '' 


iht  tern  lory  u  ranted  to  the  lirii.cr  lourh-l-rt,,,  ,  j.  ^ 


awi 


North  America. 


25 


crn  colony  was  generally  callcJ  ylrgima,  with- 
out any  diilingiiilhing  epitliet,  and  retaintd 
that  naiiifi  after  the  fecund  or  northern  colony^ 
jobtained  the  name  of  Ne\\  .England  in  1614. 

Wc  come  next  to  lpe..k  of  Niiiryland.  1  he 
firft  emigration  to  this  part  of  Anu^rica  tonfiilcd 
of  two  hundred  gentlemen  ot  coiiliderable  for- 
tune and  rank,  with  th-^ir  adherent  ,  thk'iy 
iRomari  Catholics,  who  honed  to  et'oy  Ibtriv 
)f  confciencc  under  a  proprietary  of  ihdr  own 
)rofellion.  They  failed  from  Knf  land  in  No- 
'ember,  and  landed  in  Maryland  tht  bcivit, r/aiiT' 
'^1^33*  Gov.  Calvert,  brother  to  Lord  B:il- 
[imore,  very  wifely  and  juftly  purchafcd^  by:, 
nefents  of  various  gocnis,  tlie  rijrhts  of  the 
[nd'uns,  «')nd  v/ith  their  free  conCent  took  pof- 
Teilion  of  their  town,  which  he  called  St. Mary 'S* 
[i  he  country  was  ftntkd  with  i\>  ninch  c;:.n*, 
md  furnilhed  w##ro  many  coiivcnimciies,  ihat 
'migrants repaired  thither  in  iuch  I'umbera  aji: 
loon  to  render  the  colony  populous  and  liourilii*' 

Carolina  follows  Maryland  in  the    order    o;' 

rxiltence.     A  few  adve!in<rersvenii^ii:i^ti&^d;f?:oi7r 

[he    Mallachuieits,     i^r^d   fetiley-  k:ilir0t5t^-{^^^ 

re-ir,  ubotic  th<:;  tm»eoftherei:craiiG.n/    They' 

lonfidercu   mere   ocrypancy,    v/iih    a^tr.an;iier 

'Oin  the  natives,  vv'itiio'jt  anv-^vrasu  from  the 

[m.-r,  asa  c;()od  title  upon  the   himis  rhey   pof^^ 

iTcfi.     Thry  decnued   themfelves  ^nHiIiid  to 

iiol.inie  civil  privile^^es  r<s  thoiVof  the  wn&rv/ 

roni  Hheace  they  had  eniigrivitcd.    For  fe^^iM 

D 


'i^;. 


??!l 


!'  f  <.\ 


'|: 


i 


^■\ 


im 


!*';■ 


t6 


7he  History  of 


1 1 


tliey  experienced  the  complicated  niilcries  of 
want.  They  iulicitod  the  aid  ot  their  country. 
Jijeri,  and  the  gnieral  ctitirt  of  iVIalliuhiifctts, 
uith  an  attention  and  hiiniHnity  which  did  it 
t\\^  orc'cUeil  honor,  ordered  an  extenlive  coii- 
tiibuiion  for  i heir  relief. 

The  final  fetiieinent  of  the  province  was 
cffeded  equally  throuoh  the  rapacity  of  the 
courtiers  ot  Charles  the  Second,  and  his  own 
facility  in  rewarding  thofe,  to  whom  he  Was 
greatly  indebted,  v  irh  a  liberality  thur  coii  him 
little.  I'he  pretence,  which  had  becnuied  on 
foriTicr  occalions,  of  a  pio>:s  zeal  for  tlie  propn- 
[Ration  of  the  gofpel  among  the  Indians,  wa^ 
fucceilively  employed  to  procure  a  gri*nt*of  tiie 
immenle  region,  lying  between  the  ':;6th  de- 
grr  3  of  North  latitude,  and  the  river  of  St.  j\la- 
thco,  under  the  3iil degree.  In  March,  1663, 
this  territory  w  1  s  ereded  |™i  a  proviiu  e  by 
the  n,xmQ  o^  Car 0 Una y  and  conferred  on  L(;rci 
Clarendon,  the  Cuke  of  Albemarle,  Lord  Cra- 
'ven,  Lord  Berkeley,  Lord  Afliley,  Sir  GriTj^c 
Carteret,  Sir  John  Colleton,  and  Sir  Vvilhaui 
Berkeley,  as  abfolute  lord  proprietaries,  for  e- 
ver,  faving  the  allegiance  due  to  the  crown. 

Pennfyh'ania  and  the  Delawnre  counties 
next  demand  our  attention.  Mr.  William 
Penh,  one  of  the  joint  purchafers  of  the  wefc- 
ern  part  of  the  Jerfeys,  having  received  xht 
111  oft  ex  ad  information  of  the  country  to  the 
weituard  of  the  Delaware,  while  ennaa-cd  ia 
the  adaiiniflration  of  the  joint  purchafe,   be 

came 


t      -tv. 


North  Amkrica. 


^7 


ctime  clefirons  of  acquiring  a  Icpernte  eflntf* 
He  prerento(i  a  petitioR  ro  Ch.irles  the  Se* 
tond  ill  June,  i  680,  ft;4ting  not  only  his  rel  ui- 
o!ili)ip  to  the  late  adtniral,  but  th  ;t  he  was  fi<.^- 
\)\  iv  ed  of  a  debt  dne  from  the  crown,  when  the 
exchequer  was  iliut.  He  prayed  for  a  j^rant 
c'f  lands,  lyint^  to  the  north  wnrd  of  Maryhnul, 
and  wellward  of  the  Delaware  ;  and  added 
that  by  his  intereft,  he  iiiould  be  able  to  feitle 
»  |)rovince,  which  might,  in  time,  repay  his 
claims.  Having  a  proijjcct  of  ^nccels,  he  co- 
lled from  the  charter  of  Maryland  the  flietch 
of  a  patent,  which  in  November  was  laid  before 
the  attorney  general  for  his  opinion. 

Ft  un  had  the  lame  object  in  view  as  I.crd 
Ralrimore  had,  the  guarding  againll  the  exer* 
tion*  oi  prerogative,  which  experience  hail 
taught  both  were  very  inconvenient.  The  at- 
torney general  declared  the  claufe  of  exemp* 
lion  from  taxation'  illefral  ;  and  chief  iuflice 
r^ortii  being  of  the  fame  opinion,  and  obfervu 
ing  its  tendency,  added  the  faving  of  the  nu-» 
thority  of  the  Englifh  j^arliament  ;  fo  rhat  it 
was  itipnlated  by  the  king,  for  hiinlrlf  and  his 
facceiFors,  that^^  no  cnftom  or  other  contribn-* 
tion  Ihali  be  laid  on  the  inhabitants  or  tiieir  ei- 
tates,  unlefs  by  the  confent  of  the  proprietary^ 
or  poverno?  and  affemV)ly,  or  by  ad  of  parlia- 
ment in  England.*^  ^ 

riie  next  year,  r68r,  the  patent  wr^s  gran- 
ted, m  confideration  of  "  the  merits  of  the  fa- 
Itkcr,  and  thi^  good  purpofes  of  the  i.o%  m  or. 

der 


^:     ^\iS 


.,t 


>^    1 


'f 

'^ 

r 

1 

H 

as 


/» 


/' 


7*/;^  History  of 


flrr  to  extendi  the  Englifli  empire,  and  to  pro- 
mote iifeful  coiiim(Kiities.*'  It  was  provided  by 
ill  claulej,  ihat  the  rovereignty  i)i'  tlie  l^ing 
ih;  uld  ha  prelcrved,  and  that  afts  of  parha- 
mt^»>t,  concerning  trade,  navigation,  and  the 
tMtloms,  be  iliily  oblervcd.  Penn  wasenipow. 
ered  to  aflemble  the  irceinen,  or  their  de]ep;^tes 
in  fnch  forn)  as  he  (hall  rh'mk  proper  for  rai- 
fi'\if  nioiicy  lor  the  nCe  of  the  coU^ny,  and  for 
m  jking  ufeful  liws,  not  contrary  to  thole  of 
Kiigland,  or  the  rights  of  the  kingdom.  A  du- 
plicate of  the  ads  of  the  affcmbly  svas  to  he 
tratifwiittcd,  within  five  years,  to  the  kinp;  in 
council,  and  the  ads  Ar,j.>ht  be  declared  void 
v/:thin  fiNi  months  if  not  approved — It  now 
remains  only  to  give  a  concife  account  of  the 
fettlemcnt  ofGer.-gia.  ^..;   ><,.  ;- .-'^^^    . 

In  1732.  a  number  of  j3;ent]ernen  confider- 
ing  the  viUl  benefii  tjiat  might  arife  from  ths 
tr  d  of  la  id,  lyioi^betw^^n  the  Savannah  and 
tho  river  Ahtarnaha,  petitioned  the  king  for  a 
charter,  which  was  accordingly  granted  in 
June.  They  memt  that  the  country  ihould 
be  m^de  a  bidwark  for  the  fonthern  colonies 
agiinit  the  Spaniards,  and  Ihonld  give  eniploy- 
mcnt  to  numbers  of  people,  who  were  bnrtben- 
iome  at  home  to  their  friends  and  j>arilhes< 

Towards  the  end  of  Auguft,  Sir  Gilbert 
He  jthcote  recommended,  in  the  ftrongeft  terms, 
to  the  diredo's  of  the  bank,  the  intereft  of  the 
colony*  His  fpeech  had  the  defired  efftd,  and 
the  members  of  the  court,  after  his  ex-imple, 

,     contributed 


» .       t  ^    ■  « ■  - 

KoKTH  America. 


*» 
•••- 


•9. 


•m.'- 


tontributcd  largely  towards  the  undertaking, 
as  did  greiit  nunibers  cfihe  i:(>l)iluy,  gentry^  ^ 
clergy  and  others  ;  and  the  pjrli.iinent  granted 
lOjOOol.  By  the  begifiniiig  of  November,  a- 
bout  one  hundred  anU  lixteencolonirfsjrreiented 
theinfelves,  u.oll  of  them  lobunug  people,  and 
werefurniflied  with  working  tools  of  ail  kinds, 
Iftores,  and  fni.'ill  7rms. 

Mr.  Oglethorpe,  one  of  the  truflees,  gene* 
rouily  attended  the  firll  fet  of  eniiv^riints  toCa-» 
nyiiua,  where  they  arrived  in  good  health  in 
J  Miuary  1733'  I'he  Carolinians  iTiad«  them  a 
prei'ent  of  one  hundred  breeding  cuttle,  bdides 
hogs,  and  twenty  barrels  of  rtce  ;  and  furnith- 
ed  them  with  a  party  of  horfe,  and  aithfcouc 
boats,  by  the  help  of  which  they  reached  the 
jSuvann.ih,  where  Mr.  Oglethorpe,  tsn  miles 
up  the  river,  pitched  \ipoa  a  fpct  for  a  town, 
Isind  in  February  the  building  of  the  firft  houf^ 
Icominenced.  >,  • 

Mr.  Oglethorpe  %vas  waited  upon  by  a  nu« 
merous  deputation  from  the  lower  Creek  nati* 
Ion,  with  whom  he  concluded  a  treaty,  and 
foon  after  fet  out  for  Charleilown  on  bis  re- 
turn to  England,  bringing  with  him  feveral 
chiefs  and  a  war  captain,  b^tote  the  end  of 
March,  I734»  more  emigrants,  to  the  amount 
of  fix  hundred,  were  either  fent  over  by  charity 
lor  went  ar  their  ow  n  expcrxce. 

In  Od:uber,  the  Indians  embarked   for  theli?^ 
j«wn  country,  having  had   an  Jillowance,  while 

Loxidoii,  of  tViifenty  pounds  a  week;  of  whicht 

D  %  they 


11  ^^1 

^  'ii'  'i 


M 


'M 


%. 


•.!■ 


'H 


^■1 


ml 


The  History  0/ 


tl 


ley  jpcii 


t  li'tlf 


th 


ey    comnjonly  eat  avA 


clrajik  dt  the  ca!)]e  ot  periods  o(  die  highcft  ii'ii 
tmctiDn.  'Lhcy  embarked  ^t  GraveiciuJ.  in  ; 
iliii)  which  cariud  over  a  number  of  Saltzbiir'T. 
liters,  briu;^  German  prorellants,  who,  \viiii| 
other?  of  their  country  nieii  tiiit  followed^  Tet- 
led  on  the  Savannah,  a  town  ihe^  culled  Ebe- 
r.czrr,  and  which,  by  their  habits  of  induilryl 
iiinl  lobrje^v  foon  became  conliderable. 


1  he    GeonTians  ma( 


lurpn 


fi: 


ig  prog  re 


■»!<: 


in  cLririni!  tncir  l.u'.ds,  and  buiidins  their  hou- 

irs. 


:ind 


encourageinent,   the  J3ritif}i  par- 
liaincnr   r ranted    them    a  fupply    of  26,000!. 
>vh!ch,vv!di  very  great  private  doFjations,  werel 
€x;n^ndtd  uj^ot)  j'trengtiicniirg  the  f  out  hern  part 
bf  (jcoi  i'i.j.  ■  '^'- 

i'has   h4Vx';v/e   given  a  fuccinA    /ircounr.  ofl 
tbt  fji\  elUbJifhnieni  of  the  Britiin  colonies  i;i[ 
orth    America.     By    what    unhappy  rnca 


nsl 


K 

they  rit  Lilv  btcaine  jVpcr.ued  from  the  mothci 
.couniry,  wdl  I^e  cicatiy  Ihownin  the  fablecjueii 


{;'        piirt  of  thit  h)llory 


A'kmorabk  events  recorded  in  this  chapter* 


=;  !t 


Anno  ...-.' 

it  . . ' 

1606   Firft  fetrleTnent  ni^vde  at  VirpMitia. 
7^20   Seuleinent  at  ?"^eu   PI)  rnoiuh. 
i6zS  Mcw-Iiamplhire  and  the  Main  fettled. 
1628  Puriianii  purchafe  and  Jettle  MailkcliU' 

fetts  B  2V" 
163^  Sctiieinent  .i:  Maryland.    •     • 


jMaiiktbu* 

».■'>" 

1 '.  ^ 

i6y 

1.. 


•  i 


North  America. 


31 


16^ <  Connefticut  and  Providence 

1637   N€w- Haven  lettled. 

j6,8  ISeitlement  of  Hliode-Jfland. 

1063  Carolina  iettltd.  -     .  ^ 

1664  New  1  ork  and  Ncw-Jerfey. 

i63i   Pcnnfyivaiiid  andDeUvviire  counties* 

1733  Gtorgioi  leitled.    ,..^  , 


11 :  -  i':^ 


f\\\ 


-s.  .,''•;:'.. 


•.^■■.. 


'■■::-:' ^;,^';5-'   c  H  A  p.  HI. 

^T'^HE  nnrrow  limits  prefcribed  to  us  in  this^ 
X  epitome,  will  not  permit  us  to  enter  into 
a  copious  detail  of  all  the  minute  concerns  of 
the*  eolonies,  wbith  ni'iy  be  fuund  in  more  vo- 
Iua)inous  works,  and  there  read  bv  rhofe.who 
iiave  leii'ure  and  inclln.ition  to  puvfue  io  dry  a 
ilu^iy.  We  fhali  therefore  pracctd  Lo  Jcfciibc 
ouJy  events  ot"  i'onie  cunfcqurnce. 

News  beinp- received  in  tiie  Mallkchnfettsot 
^ar  being  decl.ued  againft  yVrJijce  ^^^  Spaiu, 
the  general  court,  rhen  ritrJ,>g,yri?d':'iiT''^*'diate 
provjfion  for  railing  iorces  tor  Anapolis  in 
Nova- Scotia.  ■^^> 

Towards  the  end  oftbe  month  of  April,  174  5, 
CDmniodorc  Warren  ;irrived  trom  the  Wtit« 
Indjfs,  with  afixty  ^\\n  (liip,  and  two  offorty. 
He  vva?i  ioon  after  juinc(t  by  nnothcr  oi  f*'i  ty, 
^iiicb  had  rejached  Canio  a  fhort  f.mc  heroie. 
Tiit'  r-ien  of  war  failed  immcdiiiirly  to  rruife 
brfo  r  Louiibourg.  The  fortes  loon  fcllowcd 
aiid  lauded  at  Chapcaurouge  Eay  the  lait  day 

of 


.  f 


'  %  m 


\ 


\%'V'y 


V  >>  .  . 


I 


M 


!    : 


^h 


) 


f 


If  I 

m 


5t 


The  History  nfi 


r  (. 


h: 


^■m\ 


I     I 


of  April.  The  tranfports  were  dlfcovered 
from  the  town  e.^rly  in  th«  murning,  wh'ch 
gave  the  inh.aOitants  the  liril  knowledge  of  the 
deiign.     '  "'••   ' '^  /' "'■  ^'P' :■:'''"'    ,     •*■■-'■:;  ■^'•■•'.^.  ^ 

The  fecond  day  after  landmg,  four  hundred 
mcAi  marched  round,  behind  the  hills,  to  the 
nort  healt  harbour,  where  they  got  about  mid- 
nigbr,  and  U:t  hre  to  all  the  dweUings  and 
fiorehoufes,  till  they  came  within  a  mile  of  ihj 
grand  battery.  The  clouds  of  thick  Inioke 
proceeding  fjom  the  pitch,  tar,  and  oihercom. 
buitibles,  prevented  riie  garrilon's  difcovering 
the  enemy,  though  they  were  but  at  a  fnorC 
diltance.  ..  v*^ 

They  expeded  the  body  of  the  army  upo) 
them,  and  therefore  deierted  the  fort,  having 
thrown  their  powder  inco  a  \^ell;  but  the 
camion  and  ihot  were  left,  which  p>roved  of 
great  fervice  to  the  befiegers.  The  arurv  had 
near  two  miles  to  tranfport  their  cannon,  mor- 
tars, &c.  through  a  morals,  wliith  required 
great  labor  to  accompli ih.  The  men  were  yoak- 
cJ  together,  and  during  the  night  made  great 
advances.  ^^--\y-. 

While  the  forces  were  buiily  employed  en 
ftore,  the  men  of  war,  and  other  vcfTels  werr; 
cruifing  offthc  harbor,  as  often  as  the  weather 
wotild  permit.  On  the  iBch  of  May,  ihty 
captured  a  French  44  gun  fnip,  having  560  mea 
on  board,  andlloresot  all  forts  for  the  garrifon. 

It  was  ;riven  out,  that  an    attack    u'ould    bc| 
»ode  by  f«a  with  iU^ihin.s,  an  the  18th,  v/hile 


North  AmeriOa. 


the  army  (Jid  the  like  by  land.  Whether  a  ge- 
neral Itorni  was  really  intended  or  not,  the 
French  appeared  to  expect  it,  from  the  prepa- 
rations ujaking  on  board  the  men  ol  war,  and 
feemed  nptenclined  to  attempt  to  withftarsd  it- 

On  the  fifteenth,  a  flag  of  truce  was  fent  to 
the  general,  defiring  a  cefTation  of  hoitilities, 
that  they  might  confiderof  articled  for  a  cvji- 
tiihitiois  Time  was  allowed,  But  their  articles 
were  reje^ed  by  the  general  and  commodore, 
2r\6  o'^hers  offered,  which  were  accepted  by  the 
jFrench,  and  hoftages  given  on  both  (ides.  The 
hic',^\'1^  was  in  coniequdce  delivered  up  on  the 
feventcenth.  As  this  was  a  time  when  veffcls 
were  expected  fr^im  all  p.^rtsat  Loulfbourg,  thd 
[French  flair  was  kept  fiviiig  as  a  decoy^     Two 

ift-Indiamen,  and  one  South  lea  ihip,  of  ih^i 
^alueof  600, cool,  (lerlmg,  were  taken  by  the 
fqiudron^ai:  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  into  which 
tiiey  failed  asufual,  not  knowing  that  the  place 
lad  been  taken  by  the  Englifh- 

The  French  having  been  very  troublfifom? 
|nthe  b-ick  fettlements  ot  our  colonics.s,  it  was 
:onclu>^d  totake  effetluil   methods  to   drive 
hem  from  the  Ohio»     The  redn<flion  of  Nia- 
gara, Crown  Point,and  their  forts  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia>  was  alfo  refolved  on-     General  J3raddo(k 
k^is  accordingly  lent  from  Ireland  to  Virginia, 
vith  two  regim«'ntsof  foot  ;  and  on  his  arrival, 
^'l»en  joined  by  the  reft  of  the  forces   deftined 
for  th u  fervice,  he  found  himielt  at  the  head  of 
^00  meiit     He  had  bravery,  but  wanted  other 

qualifications 


(:': 


;  I  .».l 


f    <• 


lli' 


w 


'% 


Kr* 


if. 


4 

^: 

4 

■■*'■,     ' 

.    \f 

• 

•%' 

*. 

"31 

-** 

•^' 

"■■;?i. 

fe 

?4 


-v. 


!'  •  ^'Th^  History  of  ' ' 


qualifications  to  render  Iiim  fit  for  tlif!  fervice 
to  which  he  was  appointed.  The  feverity  of 
hisdifcipline  m.ide  hini  unpopuhir  among  ihe 
regulars,  aiul  his  hanghtincis  deprived  him  of 
the  Americans.  His  pride  difgiiflcd  the.»iidi-[ 
ans,andh*d  him  to  drfpife  thecournry  miliria, 
and  to  flight  the  advice  of  the  Virginian  oiii.l 

Colonel  Wafliirigton    enrneftly    be^rged   oil 
him,  when  the  army  was  marching  for  fort  Duf 
C)aefne,  to  adn)it   cf  his    going   before,   snd 
fcauring  the  woods  with   his  rangers,  whichf 
^\\s  concempiuoudy     refiir:!cl.      Ihe    gt'ntralj 
had  been-cantioned  by  the  Duke    of  Cuniber. 
iandto  gUird  againlt  a  ftirpnfe,  and   yet    hel 
puihed'on    heedlefsly  with  the    Erlt  divifion,! 
confiiting  of  1400 men^  till  befell  into  an  am. 
bufcade  of  400,  chiefly  Indians,    by    whomiiel 
was  defeated  and  mortally  wounded,  on  tfiej 
pth  of  July,  i75^»  -,;..T^v  ^y  ..,,.- «>^ 

The  regulars  were  put  into  the  greateft  pa« 
rJc,  andfiedin  the  utmolt  confuiion  ;  but  thfj 
militia  had  been  nfed  to  Indian  fighting,  avAl 
were  not  fo  territied.  The  general  ^m\  dif-i 
dainfully  turned  rhem  into  tlie  rear,  whr re  rheyl 
continued  in  a  body  unbroken »  and  ferveO  uri 
der  Colonel  VVafhinging  as  a  mofl  ufcful  re.i 
guard,  which  overed  the  retreat  of  rhe  re^m. 
1  irs,  and  preventing  their  being  entirely  cutti 
pieces- 
Previous  to  this  and  agreciblc  to  the  vicvvi 
•t  the  Britiih  miiiiitry,  ths  MiiJachufftts 

feinbi] 


North  A^fiEiucA. 


^  ( 


35 


Vmbly  raifei  abody  of  trotDps,  which  "vrere  feiit 

0  ?iOv^a  bcotia,  t«  ailiil  Lieutenant  Governor 
^awrcnceiu  drivinu;  the  French  trom  their 
fev•er:^l  encroachirieuts  within  that  province. 

The  expecJitioD  agaii.ilNianrara  was'entruf- 
ed  to  (jt^vcrnor  Shirly,  bur  failed  thro' vari- 
jtis  caufes. 

Sir  VViiliani,  th^n  Colonel  Johnfon,  wa« 
ippointcd  to  go  againlt  Crown  P<:>int.  The 
!einy!--,  (lownels  rind  deficiency  of  preparation, 
i  even  ted  the  fevtral  cQloiiies.  joining  their 
roops  till  about  Aiiguft.  in  the  mean  time 
iie  accive  enemy    had  tranfported  forces  fron> 

1  ranee    to    Canada,  marched  them    down  to 

nte:  ihe  provincials,   and  attacked  them ;  bat 

iceiLn.g  w  ith  a  repulfe,  loll  llx  huixired  men, 

elides    havi:>iT    their  general  Baron  Dieikau 

.vc'.nided  and  made  priloner. 
The  nexcvcar.  the  MalTachiifctts  raifed  a 
rtar  cirinauit  lU  to  go  nguii-ll  Crown  Point  j 
lit  Lord  Loudon,  on  ]m  virVival.  tliu  not  thiink 
I  j;ri  per  that  the  fortes  (iMjidd  proceedj  owing 
|(;  a  temporary  mii'nncieribiiding  between  hi> 
urdfhipand  the  general  coui  t-* 

in  the  yejr  1758,  happily  for  the  Britiih  na- 
:en,  the  great  Air.  Piu  was  placed  at  the  he  ad 
^i  (:ie  mir.iliry,  vhen  the  iacf;  pf  aifuirs  was 
>f '•. ) ; :  h  u ^.  g'j  (i ,/ 1 1 1  e  w  a  r  w .  r  l.  pt ■  0  i  cc  u  <^^  n\'  i  u  1  twi  - 
p\rrt^>led  fuccefc,  r^nd  tlie  enemy  was  at  length 
!.^>ti  ont  (d  Anu'rica. 

Mr.  Hrael  Maudult,  tl.e  Tviaflachufetts  a. 
^^jit,  iu  I76j^  gave  early  iiviice  of  the  ininif- 

ttriat 


!     ]• 


.*       '    1 


ih  >; 


'  /If  1  i  i  ' 


m.  i 


„  ) 


■MM  H 


m 


It      ': 


'  ;*! 


v  't ,  V 


^i\' 


m.'l 


M 


Mi 


M. 


i     ' 


i 


■^A' 


u- 


3«5 


The  History  of 


.f  > 


>  -J 


teriai  intentions  to  rax  the  colonies;  bin  the 
general  court  not  benig  called  together  till  the 
latter  end  of  the  year,  inflrudions  to  the  a- 
gem,  thougii  folicited  by  him,  could  not  be 
lent  in  proper  time. 

The  next   year  however,   1764,  the  hourel 
rf  repreientanves  came  to  the  following  lefo- 
Inrions  :   *^  Tb.at  the  fole  right  of   giving  ai]d| 
granting  the  money  of  the  people   of  that  pro- 
vinte,   vv,is  vtftt'din  them  ss  their  legal  repre. 
fennitives*  and  thit    the  impolition    of  duties| 
and  taxes  by  the  parlianicnt  of  Great  Britain, 
tipon  a  people  who  are  not   repreleiued  in  the 
Iitiufe  ol  Co  ninons,  is  abfoluiely  irreco!icilea- 


bl^ 


Vv'irii   tht:ii 


riyjht: 


>f 


—**  That 


no  Hian  can 


juilly  take  the  property  of  another  without  his 
coni'ent  ;  iipon  which  original  principle,  th^ 
right  of  reprcicntation  in  the  Lime  body,  waicn 
e^wercifes  tiie  power  of  making  laws  f^r  Icvyinir 
taxes,  Oiie  of  rhe  uiain  piilirs  of  the  Bririlh  coa 
ilituiion,  is  evideiiiiv  founded 


if 


Thefe  rel'olutions  vvcrc  occafionecl  by  intel- 


ligence of  \\t\M  had  hi^cn  done  in  the  Bririili 
Hoiife  of  C!>Tn.nons.  Jt  h.id  been  there  deba- 
tedin  March,  whether  they  h  »d  a  n^^ht  to  cac 


the  Ar>;ei'icins.   t 
id  d 


ley    not    beinj;  i 

fl 


K      and  deterniii:t:J  unaaiin^vali/  m  rn 
'!'  :      Njc  aiiirrlr   parfon  prefcjc  vcnti: 


trovcrt  toe  ;■ 


■■^h 


A''tpr  v.irio  ih  projiofitiotis    f<^.r  t 
iMiie'v  Ml,  (ti'en ^'ilh*-  intended  f 


CjiliiUUiJiCJUvl  to  'iu' 


' »"/» 


Ci' 


'«>(■  4 


1  n 


'  '^  " 

. 

*e  pre  fen  ted. 

;  afF;r!n 

arivv* 

red  CO 

coil- 

a^ir/g*, 

he  ct). 

rartrp  a 

(^#u^ 

4.3 

..V>'  *,-  . 

1 

(■■1 

North  America*; 


37 

|#f  chf.m  ciif]  not  (^ppofe  ir,  half  tlicIrTUirnber  be- 
ing pl.icemen  or  rtenendentson  the  mini  ft  r}'.--^ 
Mr.  Jofeph  ^iherv/ood^  an  honefiquaker,  agent 
Ifor  Rhode- lila/d,  reloled  kis  coiii'ent  to  Ame- 
:a's  beinj?  tayui  by  a  Britifh  pHrliarrient.  Mr* 
Maudu't,  luC  Majiachuretts  acrv?iu-,  favored  the 
•ailing  of  the  wanted  mcv.ty  bv  a  fl.iinp.  duty, 
jsit  ^ould  orcalion  le^^  expence  of  oiTicers,  and 
^o'jld  include  the  V/eit- Indies.  Thefcheme, 
lowever  was  poilponed,  and  the  agents  author-' 
fed  to  inform  the  American  aiieniblies^  that 
tl-ev  were  at  bberty  to  fuggeftany  other  ways 
)fraiiii:g  monies,  and  that  Pvlr.  Grenviilc  was 
«*acly  to  receive  propofn Is  for  any  other  tax, 
jliar  inighc  be  equivalent  in  its  produce  to'  thti 
itarnp  tax^  The  colonies  fremed  to  conlider  it 
Is  an  affront,  rather  than  as  a  comphment. — 
fhe  miniiler  vvould  not  be  content  with  any 
Ihifitrlhort  of  a  certain  <*pecinc  ihin,  and  pro- 
]er  fundi  for.  the  payment  of  it.  Had  not  in& 
jnis  bf!en  .»nfwer;^bic  to  his  Wi/lies.  he  would 
.ive  rejet'ted  them;  and  be  would  fc;ircei7 
lave  been  fatisfitd  with  I'Ais  than  :^oOjOoolv 
ler  annum,  which  .vasiudvred  ubfokirelv  nc-^ 
MUj-y  to  defray  ihe  whole  f'xpe-.ue  of^  the  aW 
^y  propoftd  for  the  deietuje  of  America. 

No  fa rifadory  {>ropofal5  beinJ^;  made  on  the 
pe  of  the  A  nericans,  Mr  Grem'iile  adhennl 
his  fpurpofe  of  bringing  forward  the  iiump 
111,  though  repeatedly  pi*t'iTed  by  fom^  of  Ins 
lendhto  ddirt.  Richard  jackibn,  Efq.  barf 
]cn  chof en  agent  for  the  Mviffachuiettsy  ^iw, 

£  witU 


i   :- 


■W   • 


\i 


I  '^  :^ 


i-r-i .. 


w. . 


f. 


\r) 


*  1  -iV 


li 


I    i 


ill 


^     v/. 


•i 


■  t  . 


!  ■  ■■ ;}  T. 


i'   -^ 


)  .. 


<   ti 


r:  : 


^i 


ii- 


38 


■f-  ^%.    f    «!*'      T    •? 


f     A    '.\     \i 


*■  > 


Tie  History  of 


r"    ,' 


with  Mr.  Franklin,  anJ others  lately  comefrom 
Fhiladelpliia,  .v. li Led  on  Mr.  Grcnville,  in  he. 
biliary  I7f>^,  to  reioonilrate  againft  the  ilanip 
t>ili,  and  to  propoCe,  that  in  cale  any  tax  mull  be| 
laid  ijpo]\  America,  the  leveral  colonics  miirhc 
be  pei-mittai  to  lay  the  tax  themielves-  Mr. 
Cirreiivilic,  however,  adhered  ko  liis  own  opitj 
uions  3iid  Taid  thai:  he  had  ]>led<Ted  his  word  To 
wlferino  the  ituiij^bill  to  the  houfe,  and  thatl 
the  iioLire  wo\3ld  licar  their  objcctioris. 

Tiie  bill  was  accordingly  broiigiu  in,  and  iiii 
March,  tlie  i.nneyear,  received  rhe  royal  adent 
Tbe  Framers  of  tlie  ftamp  acl:  flattered  them 
felves,  that  the  confufion  which  would  aril< 
from  the  diiiiie  of  writings,  would  compel  ih 
colonies  to  uie  ibmp  paper,  arid  therefore?  i 
pay  the  taxes  im;><)!ed.  Tims  they  wer^*  le 
to  pronounce  it  to  be  a  law  which  would  exe| 
cure  itfelf. 

Mr  Grenvillc,  ho  we  ver,  was  not  without  hi| 
appreheniions  that  might  occal'on  diforders  ;  ti 
prevent  or  (bpprefs  v\hich  he  projefted  anotiiti  ^Xl^^  ^^^ 
bill,  which  was  brought  in  the  fame  fffiiow  ^  «e  rep 
whereby  it  was  made  lawful  for  military  cjdif^^  ^^^'"  ^ 
cers  in  the  colooics  to  i^uarter  their  loldiersif'  '  '^  '^^^^^ 
private  houfes.     Thisfeemed  intended   to  av§...!^)f  "  ^^}^ 


iVes^o  p' 
to  fwnfi 
iniAli  bee 
tiJC  e^ipei 
'Uile  con 
wa<  repea 

Theie 

^verife  i 

omepcri\ 

>^ii  their  < 

(1  EngLifii 

>»''ng  to  in 

lave  the  c< 

f  his  m.jje 

3,  early  in 

"ngn])on, 

ne  entran 

ublic  llrei 

ppcirtd  h 

ejidcd  tor 

her  wp,s  a 


houle  as  his  own,  that  part  of  the  bill  \wff"^^'"f!^  -' 
dropt  ;  but  there  (till  remained  a  claufe  Nvh<:i| /p-^  '  "^'"i 
paft'cd  into  a  law,  to  oblige  the  feveral  allep  '^"''7  ^^^^1 

bl 


3- 


North  Amf.hica. 


39 


\i' 


lies^o  provide  Qiiaiters  for  the   foldiers,  :^vd 


fi 


to  iurn:ln  i  xcva  wu 


h  tiring,    hefidinjT,  candlts, 

kinali  Deer,  rum,  and  fur.dry  otiier    arncle.s,  at 

|ti'ie  e^nence  of   the    (everal   [jrovinces.      This 

lanle  con tiiiued  ill  force    after   the    ftanip   ad 


Iwa?  repfia 


led. 


•■»•*'« 


Thei'e   proceedings" of  the  mother- cotin try 
averife  to  orrtiit  diikirbances    in    A^ncrica.— 


JO 


!iieperionsof  cordcquenceat  BcUlon^  tf>ni<ini- 
•it  rheir  abhorrence  and  deteihaion  of  a  party 
jii  England,  who  they  fuppofe<i  v.ere  endeav. 
)ring  to  fnbvert  the  Britiih  conint«tit)M.  to  er> 
Have  the  co!oi«'Cs,  and  to  alienate  the  ;:fi>(ltions 
)f  his  majelty's  moil  fnirhfuifubjccts  in  Aineri^ 
:a,  early  in  themornin^^  of  the  i  4rh  of  Atigolt, 
II ng  upon  the  limb  of  a  larg,e  dead  e]ni»  ne«ur 
:he  entrance  of  Bo/ton,  in  one  of  the  mrJt 
Jublic  Ilreets,  two  fffijvies«  One  of  them,  94 
ppciytd  by  tl>c  1  ibels  affixed  thereto,  wa*  ia- 
did  to  reprefent  the   itamp   oiricer  ;    the  o* 


ten 


her 


Wris  a  lack  boot,  with  a  head   and   h«rn$ 


beeping  out  of  the  top, 


The 


report  of  this  nox^clry  drew  great  nutn- 


ersfroni  every  part  of  tlie  town  ahd  thf  neigh- 


ov\n^  country 


1  hi^  atfair  was   left   tc-  t  <ke 


own  coUrfe,  {'o  that    an    enihuiipittc    ipirit 
[ilinred  itfeifinto  the  nrnds  of  the    fpc^^^tors. 


ino-,  ths  fio-urfS  wcre'/<»!t  do 


wn, 


n  the  even 

[nd  carried  in  fimeral  proceHioriytf^e  populace 

louring    Lihcf  ty    and   property  fo^'pver/  A'o 


hi.m'ti. 


o< 


They  tiiea  went  to  a  new  huildiog,  ere<5red 

•by 


i  1! '. 


1-  I 


i  in 


!i-  i 


.,s 


It      V,'' 


h: 


\n 


U  ■ 


lit 

t1  H'- 


■IB 


f'l 


tvff 


*  ■  I'  (i 


-r-     V 


40 


■■''.■':^'^\':i\  The  HiSTORV   of  ^r ':''■':' ^■'^' ' 

hy  Mr.  Oliver,  whicb  tht^r  pulled  down  faife. 
ly  (uppoiir.g  it  to  be  dedghtd  for  tin:"  llainp-. 
office.  As  loon  as  they  approached  Jvir.  (JYu 
ver's  hoyi'e,  they  brhfadtd  the  tfflgy,  at  the 
fame  time  breaking  ^11  his  window &,  av.d  de- 
nioiiijitd  his  gardem,  fences,  barns,  aiid  every 
thing  elie  tfaai  came  in  their  way. 

'i  he  next  d:iy,  Mr.  Oliver,  fearful  of  what 
might  happen,  dei  lared  that  he  had  written  to 
Engliod  and  refip^ied.  7  he  mob  afTenibled 
;igain  at  iiiglit  ;  yiid  lifter  lome  exprefllonsof 
J^  ;  ^or  the  refignatic^n,  proceeded  to  the  lii  li- 
•iiic  governor's,   Pvir.    Hutchmibn's    hoiiie, 

'  lich  they  hefieged  tor  an  hour,  but  in  vain; 
iwliiting  repeatedly  upon  know  if, g,  \vh.eiji<-'r  he 
had  not  w'ritten  in  favor  ot  the  lb iiipa£t. 

.  Thf'l^^  difordervS  grew  every  d.^y  more  enor 
mous  and  alarming.  Mobs  tmcc  raifed  foon 
ht'£:oine  ungovernable  by  new  and  large  accci- 
ih^M:^  and  extend  their  intentions  f^r  beyond 
thrfe  of  the  original  inlti^ators.  Crafty  men 
Riiisy  iiuerrnix  with  ihem,  when  they  are  much 
jitated,  and  dirrdl  their  operations  v»  ry  dif» 
.  fcrenlly  from  w  hat  was  »t  tiiil  d^jigned-- 
:  People  in  England  were  diilcrently  aflV(5^ed 
Ly  the  diiturb;-nces  in  the  colonies.  Sonicl 
were  for  fqppor  rinfr  the  aiuhoiityoi  parliament 
»t  all  event|y>fi4  for  tnfon ing  the  ivnnp  act, 
if  neeJiliiit^^h  the  poim  of  the  fword  ;  'vbdej 
oii^i-rs^  ,v^r^;  for  quieting  the  colonies  by  th«l 
j-epciiiv^viti^V  tlafppijy  ftir  them,  IV^r.  Gi  eiiviH^ 
aad  hi.s party  v^ere  thrown  out   of  place,  ad 


r- 


North  America. 


41 


'  f 


werefncceeded  by  the  Marquis  of  Rockingham 
V7iicn,  on  the  ^2(i  of  Februai-y,  1766,  ihis  ob- 
fiuxi  JUS  ad  was  repealed. 

In  May,  J  767,  Mr.  Charles  Townfend, 
then  chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  moved  the 
Houfe  of  Commons  for  leave  to  bring  in  bills 
for  granting  a  duty  upon  paper,  glafs,  painters 
colours,  &:c.  in  the  Briiifli  American  colonies  ; 
forfettling  falaries  on  the  governors,  judges, 
kc*  in  North  America  ;  and  for  taking  otf  the 
duties  on  teas  exported  to  America,  and  grant- 
ing a  duty  of  three  pence  a  pound  on  the  im- 
portation in  America ^  Two  bills  were  at 
length  framed,  and  in  June  and  July  received 
the  roy?tl  affent- 

Thefe  ads  occafioned  frc(h  difturbances  in 
I  America,  where  matters  were  carried  to  a 
much  greater  height  than  before.  In  confe-. 
quence  of  this,  Lord  Hillfborough  wrote  to 
[General  Gage,  in  June,  1768^  to  fend  troops 
to  Boilon,  in  order  to  preferve  the  peace  of 
[thiit  town. 

The  in  trod  jclion  of  troops  into  Bofton  was 
attended  with  very  ferious  confequences.  The 
inhabitants  became  exceedingly  riotous,  and 
foine  of  the  rabble  puilied  their  ill  conduct  fa 
Ifn-,  as  to  oblige  ihefoldiers  to  fire  on  rhem,  in 
Itheirown  defence.  This  happer-ed  on  the  cth 
pfMdrcii,  1770,  when  three  persons  were  kil- 
led, five  dangeroufly  wounded,  and  a  lew 
iijghciy. 

'ihis  was  far  from  removing   the  evil,  .ind 

^    E  2  only 


I   ,1 


(  ., 


\  i 


\  )•  -i 


\H  i 


Ai 


7hf  I'lSToIlY    c/ 


m 


1- 


Dnly  tentlfil  tovitlen  ibc  breac  Ij.  Under  ihc 
noiuju  ol  zeal  for  I.l>:i*ty,  the  rabble  ran  iniu 
the  nioit  exc(  Hive  iicenliiuilnels,  and  wtrt;  e. 
vciy  wild  e  i.;UiIiy  of  ihe  n.oit  1.J  vMeib,  uijj^:lt, 
and  tyrri!in!'  d  procetdin^vs,  j;iiilino;  down 
lionlVs,  dcUrcying  Hit  pr(>|:criy  ui  eveiy  o^ie 
th.ir  h;ui  fjUen  under  their  dirpleiliirc,  aiui 
delivering  priionf*r5  out  ul  ihc  h.;ndsol  juiiico. 
J^et  Uh  xw.  mm  our  atuntion  to  iVf  wi:  it 
wns  doin^,  iri  the  mean  tiine  a r  home  Tiii 
furportiii^   the    caiihoriry  of 


ilianunt,  \v.>s 


th''(>nlv  t.'uiic  .'ilip-ned  hv  the  inii!ilU-*r  hiinitlt 


v»r  retanin'o- 


the  t 


ea 


nut}' 


I  tl' 


e  V 


-ry  t 


juje  whfu 


lie  iickno  A  lcd«.''ed  it  to  be   as  annconnnei  ci -I  a 
tax,  Ji.  any  i;i  thole  that  had  been  rt'peaJcd  up. 


on  A\, 


at  !)rinciijle» 


J 


X    i 


ffc 


he  Eaii- India   rompniiv,   feelino;    the   br.dl 


r': 


I J 


nl 


l\ 


1 


u;    Colon!. li    i;hU|^p^lii 


ti 


K! 


e  ni  rije 


i"ge  <]irnii;3t'e;.  o 


t  ce, 


v\  jiK  a  !eman)t.tl  m  tncir 


vvartiiuufes    nn/eld,    reauciltii    ihc  lepea!    oi| 
tlie  three-rente  j)er  potind  in  Ann  rico,  ana  of- 
fered, that  oTi  its  bti,  gton;plied  with,  g')ver;i- 


ment  fltouh.  main  fix  pepce  \n  the 


po 


una  (>a 


.';(''  the  ex]H  rtat^on.   'I  hus  the  company  preloiiiti 

;j;Nj,  the  riippiclt  opportunity  tha'  coi/ld  have  hctnj 

^  p'l  oit  red  lor  hono  .-il-^lv  renioviiip;  ihf  caufe  tf  dif- 

^>  ''  J ;  lerence  w  itVi  Americn.    'J  h-isr-fj-prded  an  ^3e!i;g 


for  d 


oin^r^j,,  ii.(.e 


iihouf  infi  ing  ng  the  cln^riii 


g'^^^ 


i!«^ 


on  t;firht'r  fide*'    The  fniniiUr  v/^s  rt  oucded  a 
liitrei^fdhy  a  gentleman  of  ^rreat  weigiit  io  i 
I  f        compaV'V,  and  a  i.Tcmher  of  prrliamtnr,  to  ewi 
b'-'^  ihe  0|.j|:oruiniiy  i  bni  it  wai;  obili^-^te'^ 


rciv^cted. 


I\ 


■v»*-l'?--.rtt*„..gg 


V 


7'W*' 


"*%» 


^/<*' 
?.'i 


i 

•h 

»^8'-!j 

'!")■;  ■ 

i 

^■"v 

V 

1;  f ' 

1 

),:, 

i   1 

1   \ 


if '  :h 


dl]<  «;   the 

(ju-y;  sin 
:iiiu  fofi 
La  irid 

contrary 
jnopoly  ; 
Ivuiltd^  ai 

on  It  a  w, 
I  tent  ion  b« 
I'l  i)c  com 
Ibec.irne   \ 

tu  i\ew- 
jconiignef 
|alloirei!>l 

In  tlie 
:rtcW  wli 
[v^tre  CO!] 
views  oi  \ 

iiVVlVili  of 

pf^froiib,  < 

Lt'ldcrs  fi 

'*!  bt.arj  t 

k^^  out  ct 

■u-i'  .'V    ; 

''    '     i       i: 


■^H|^;it;i 


Nof  TH  America« 


43 


,]Nie\v  iK>ji.triv;»iiccs  were  iVt  on  foot  tc  in  do. 
aih  «;  ifecit-i,  .atttiHi{  d  NMfh  liic  threepenny 
tiU'\ ;  3tttb  ah  the  colonies.  Various  iturigues 
siMi  loiKUHioit.s  veie  iifcd  to  mdiKe  ri  e 
I-  It  iiidia  t>  n  ])ai}y  to  undsinckc  vhisiafband 


fuui;!;.  blilJI;th.       ll 


wa&  pro; tiled    avr^^ii*^  J^* 


contrary  lo  the  priiicipie  ot  the  compai»y"snjo- 
uopoly  ;  trUi  the  power  ot  th"  mir;ilLjy  prj« 
IVtiiltd^  and  the  iwlignificaiit  thrte-peiiiiy  ou 
Oil  Lea  v^ab  dt'Ometi  to  be  ibir  latalbont  d  con- 
tention brtueen  Greatbntdiiiand  her  colorncs 


M/ 


'1  i)c  coinpdnv  at  l.il  adopted  the  iyirem,  aui 
|bec.ui;e  iheir  own  fridois.  J  hrv  itac  jfi^^c^ 
cheds  ol  tea  to  FhiJad':l[bia,  tie  jikp  c^iUH^ti'  s 
to  i\evv-\  oik  and  Boiton,  beriiles  ^^h '^  v  .V, 
Icoiihgned  to  other  places.  S'  veral  ih:pi  v~t:t 
|ahoiiei«'hitd  forditicrrnt  cnlonie 
ippoiniea  tor  the  difpoliil  ( i  » hf  c 


<  I .  \^  • 


^' 


;t* 


x'lry,. 


i<:' 


in  the  mean  time  the  c«^]o»)i(!:^^  v  lir  w 
w  what  had  {}alled  ill  tlie  n.(  ♦^^her  cetit ' 
|v>tic  concerting  meafures  to  criuit.j:  >: 
'lews  oi  the  Britiili  niniitir\  .  irlo^'i  ....  '  U- 
ii  rivc»l  of  til :  tea  ibij^s  at  ljt)lton,  a  nafiii|er.  i^V 
l-Kfloiis,  ci;ic{1v  matters  of  vcir^iSj  iifjtd '^<p 
lut:rs  tioii)  il^e  north  end  of  th'*  rown.  'avi<>^»'2 


t' 


J^€'' 


teme-jn  iij  nur.'^'»er,  d relied  as  Ir.diai^^.A'^^n*" 
i  bi.arJ  r]j«f  irips,  ;u:d  i!i  nbcur  two  Iiun^s  b-wt- 
(^'m^  0?  I  he  111,  :ni  i  bn  ke  open  342  cheth/'^P' 


•  >  ;■»    f-;-\ 


•-*«•  m  C-' 


f1  J i: .  1/  of  w  h  le H   I  bt  y  e » i r|> tie  tl^l  fl 
i^i'V  v^ere  not  in  theifeait  nVdlef^  »  ; 

M*;!-   <-f  fpf  ot.itors  ;€ai^flta^, :W^pii 
i'iUg  party*     Ther^^V^^k.%nu-r 


^^&: 


^1   1  .;v«-    . 


I 


^^ 


.1.  ;;  I  il  V 


tai ' 


li 


.(■t 


«  I 


.>■  >■ 


44 


W/*  History  of. 


»!.». 


-.i-..H 


,    A 


nefs  wa«?  condudled  with  very  little  tumult,  and 
CO  damage  was  done  to  the  vellels  or  any  o. 
ther  property.  When  the  bufmefs  wasfinifh- 
cd,  the  people  returned  quietly  to  their  own 
tawiisand  habitations. 

Thele  and  other  decifive  proceedings  of  the 
Boitonians, induced  the  Britifh  niiniilry  to  bring 
in  a  bill  into  parliament,  ^'  for  the  immediate 
removal  of  the  officers  concerned  in  the  col. 
ledionof  the  cuftoins  at  Boflon,  and  to  difcon- 
tiniie  the  l^^nding  and  difcharging,  lading  and 
lliipping  of  goods,  ^\^res,  and  merchandizes, 
at  Bolton,  or  wirhin  the  harbour  thereof.*'— 
On  the  3  J  ft  of  March,  1774,  the  bill  received 
theroval  a(fent. 

v  I 

Other  bills  were  pafled  by  the  Britifh  par- 
liament,  brought  in  by  Lord  North,  all  tend, 
ing  topuniih  the  Americans,  and  the  Bolloni. 
ans  iaparcicuhr,for  their  refractory  behaviour. 
Petitions  were  fent  over  from  America,  and 
feveral  of  the  members  of  both  houies  repro- 
bated thefo  levere and  dangerous  proceedings; 
but  no  regard  was  paid  either  to  the  petitions 
or  to  the  remonftrances  of  the  minority  in 
^"♦orh  houfes.  The  then  ininiilry,  at  the  head 
or  which  was  Lord  North,  were  deteriniueJi 
to  riccept  from  the  Americans  of  noth'ng  ibort 
of  ablolnre  and  implicit  obidience  to  the  lawi} 
of  taxation.  On  tlu  other  hand,  tiie  peopln'of 
MaTcichnfetts-Bay,  fiipported  and  fpiu'red  m\ 
by  the  other  coloiiies,  were  detcrn'ined  rot  to| 
fujinit,  Had  prcp3r<-d  to  xt^\   force  by  f  »'*ce. 

Thc/I 


^: 


sIoRTH  America. 


AS 


They  collefted  all  the  arms   they   could,  and 

ipeut  mych  ot  their  time  in  the  extrcife  of 

thein.  , 

Ihefe  proceedings  of  the  people,  and  their 

Kianiftic  d  if  poll  lion  lo  rcfiftance,  alarmed  the 

general,  who  thought  it  necefliiry,  for  the  fi,te- 

ty  pf  the  troops,  as  well  as  to  I'ecure  ihe  im^ 

porlrint  poll  of  Bofton,  to  fortify  the   entrarjce 

at  the  neck,   which  afforded  the  only  coinniuni-^ 

iCation,  except  by  w^ter,  between  the  towjiand 

the  continent.  ^S^^-A'       ^i 

■  ..'U.K..' 

In  England,  petitions  vjere  prefented  from. 
|the  i^erchants  o\  London,  and  alnioit  all  the 
Jnading  towns  in  the  kingdou)  ;  and  Mr.  BoK 
hn,  Dr.  Pranklin,  and  Mr.  Lee,  alfo  prefented 
[petitions  froni  the  American  coiiar€f&  ;  bcit 
governraent  treated  them  with  indiilerciice  arti 
jcomeinpt. 

Lord  Chathamperfcvered  in  the  profecution 

[of  his  conciliatory  fcheme   with    Amtrica,  acid 

accordingly    brought  into  the  boiiie  ot  lord* 

:lie  outlines  of  a  bill,  which   he  hoped   would 

mivver  that  fahuary  purpolc  ;  but  theniiniilry 

•eje^^ed  it.     At  the  fame  time,   Lord  North 

;aveaiketch  of  the  meafures  he  intei  dtd  to 

mrlue,   which  were  to  fend  a  p;reatcj-  fonct© 

•nericii,  and  to  brin^  in   a  tt  ,pora,ry  ^^£t,  to 

>ut  a  lb)p  to  y]l  the  foreign  trade  of  the  difftrejft 

►oionics   of  New- England,  particularly  thei^ 

'liiicry    on    the    banks  of   Nev  fouudUnd,  till 

hey  retuined  to  tt»eir  duty. 

While  matters  were  thus  going  on  at  hom^. 

General 


1  -J) 


i  ti 


II 


tJr 


? 


S>  1'.' 


^Rir»i!v<''^*- 


M 


■H'. 


't 


■  '■  %. 


%  I 


■«.'. 


46 


W^  History,  c/ 


ih. 


\\ 


')r  .!,  ,,. 


General  Gage,  at  Bofton,  Tece^ve^  intelltgi  ncc 
that  cannon  and  carriages  were  deporiLtd  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  SaJem.  He  accordingly 
fent  a  body  of  troops  from  the  caltle  to  Icize 
irhem,  but:  the  Americans  found  tune  to  grt 
them  away,  and  the  troops  returned  without 
cflVriltng  apy  thing. 

A  iktrmi/h  having  happened  •  at  Lexington, 
between  the  kii:g's  troops  and  a  p-iny  of  the 
Riilitia,  General  Gage  no  fooner  rcceiv'ed  this 
incfilif'-ence  than  he  detiched  Lord  Pit'rcy  fo 
Conccn'd,  with  (ixteen  co'.npanles  of  foot,  and 
a  mm; ber  of  marines,  90b  men  in  the  whole, 
;ind  two  pieces  of  cannon^  to  fupport  Colond 
S'lnith. 

The  jnn(5lion  of  the  bngade  under  T^ord 
f  iercy,  with  the  detHclimeiu  under  Coh)ael 
Smith,  gave  tht"  lad  a  brenthing  time,  efpcci- 
ally  as  they  now  had  cau'ion,  which  awed  th« 
provincials  from  prefTing  upon  the  rear  in  a 
direct  line  ;  Inu  the  whole  force  did  not  ven- 
ture  to  hcilt  long,  as  the  minute  men  and  mill 
tia  Were  every  where  colle^ling,  in  Cidertol 
cut  off  their  retreat  to  Bofton.  They  icon  re- 
newed their  march,  conllant  (Idrmiihing;  '\K' 
cecded,  and  a  continual  fire,  tliov^h  tfrcn  hrt' 
gular  and  fcattering  on  their  lui:?,  ^s  well  as  owl 
the  part  of  the  provincials.  The  clofe  .  tiri<^d 
froTil  b\»hind  tlie  wjlls,  bv  good  ni^rkfrivefi,  for 
fuch  were  ahnolt  all  the  ptov'inrials.  \vzt  tk| 
troo|"?s  into  no  l<n:dl  confu'lo't,  im^  made  itU 
dangerous  for  the  othcerS;  that  they  were  n^nrd 

attcniiv^ 


■%:.. 


%m: 


»  ,, 


North  America. 


A7 


•'v-if^t*-'  ■■r» 


attentive  to  tbeir  fufety  than  common.  The 
regulars,  when  near  Cambridge,  were  upoi) 
die  point  of  lakivig  a  wrong  road,  which  would 
have  led  them  into  the  moll:  iminent  danger  ; 
Ibut  were  prevented  by  the  diredion  cl  a  yuung 
^eiuJeman  reiulin^ac  che  college*  They  nidde 
<^pod  their  retreat  a  little  after  funfei,  over 
jCharlfitown  neck  to  Bi.'nker's  hill  but  ipcnc 
land  worn  down^by  the  exccjlive  fati^mes  ihey 
had  ui)derorone,  havino-  marched  ihac  day  be> 
tween  thirty  and  foriy  miles.  Here  they  re- 
jniained  {ecure  lill  the  next  dav,  when  they 
crolVed  at  Charlettown  ftrrv,  and  returned  to 
JBuflon.  In  thisiuirniilli,  the  regiilars  had  65 
[killed,  180  wmirjded,  and  28  niade  prirone^-i'. 
The  provincials  liad  50  men  kilted,  34  wotjud- 
Ided,  and  four  miflinjv. 

Let  lis  now  return  to  the  mother  cotmrry, 
[where  the  reftraiuingand  hlhery  bill  HiCt  v  i;h 
[great  oppolition  in  both  houfes  gf  pariianjt  iit* 
JThe  liihery  bill  had  fcarcely  cleared  the  Honle 
>f  CoVlimons,  when  Lord  Nortn  brought  in 
|anod>er  to  reltrain  the  trad/^  and  commerce  of 
jthe  colonies  o\  New  Jerfey,  iVnni'yl'rania, 
pVIaryliMid,  Virginia,  and  Sourh-Carolina,  to 
^rrear-Britain,  Ireland; and  the  Britidi  lilands 
in  the  W*^ it- Indies,  u!id<T  certain  conditions 
uid  liniicaiion?.  , 

'fiie  Britii'4  min'Ttry  did  not  confine  them- 
feh'ei  to  the  n.jkinjr  of  laws ;  but  they  alfo  fent 
hu.uTuiail:  che  Americans  the  Gererals  Hove, 
'l;irivait>,  and  burgoyne,   who  lefi  Ehghind  on 

ti«5 


ii 


iiir. 


if 


>     i! 


■*..    i 


•s  i!  i.; 


•'■J  'ii 


^h 


4? 


ThiT  History  of 


t;.  ( 


5.^ 


i'M 


hr 


the  ^Bthof  May,  and  in  about  a  wffk  after* 
wards,  tranCporis  l;'den  with  troops  lV.il ed  fcoinl 
Cork,  to  reinforce  General  Gage. 

Memorable  events  recorded  in  this  chapterm 


J745 

i755 
1764 

1766 
1767 

1768 
J  770 

1/73 


1774 


11 7  S 


wm 


Expedition   againft  Louifbourg. 

C7ener.l1  Bpjddo*.k  detVared. 

M  liTciCbufetts    alltnibly  decbre  againftl 

pnrlianientary  taxes. 
The  ilarnp  ad  palTed — Riots  at  Bofbn| 

on  account  of  that  acl- 
Theiftainp  aft  repealed. 
Mr.  Charles  Townlend  taxes  the  colu. 

nies  again. 
Troops  ordered  to  Bofton. 
Soldiers  at  Boft^>n  iire  on  the  inhiibrtantf!. 
The  EaU- India  company  ewpowered  ro| 

export  their  own  teas-    The  tea  thrown 

into  t\\^  Tea  at  Bofton. 
The  M-iflr^chijIetts  J  eople  prepare  tode- 
♦fejiti   their  rights  by    arms-      Gentrall 

Gaire  forrmc'  rhe  cniranceinto  Bofton# 
G<^neral  Gan-e  iends  tr^^ops  10  Salem.— 

ISkirm'lhes  at  Concord   and  Lexington. 

-*^Vh^    relVrtiining  bills  pafied  in    En- 

ghnd — 'I'he  Genenls  Howe,  Chnten/I 

and  Burgoyne,  fail  for  Button* 


N' 


CHAP' 


North  Ambrica. 


49 


'y( 


CHAP.   IV. 


HE  necefllty  of  fecuring  Ticonderoga  wp<? 
early  attended  to  by  many  in  New-En- 
land.      General  Gage  had  let  the  exaii^ple  cf  ""^ 
tieniptin^r  to  feize  \i[>on  military  ftoresj  arsd  by 

doing   licid     commenced  hail  lities,  fo    that 

tali  I ti on  appeared  warrantable. 

Colonel  Allen  was  at  CnJlleton,  with  nbonr 

70  men,  2  >o  of  which  were    Or  re?:  A^o:^'7;^am 

'oys,  {o  c.'.lled  Uoni    their  refujing  w'rhin  tK^ 

mitsof  the  Green  Mountains,  tlie  HamoiMrc 

r^nts,  being  lo  denon^inated  from  the  r.*!i!g€ 

green    mountains   that    run  throiigh  them- 
entinels  were  placed  immediately  on  all   i bc^ 

ads  to  prevent  any  iurelligence  being  carrkii 
|o  Ticondcroorq. 

Colonel    Arnold,  who  now   joined  Colt>n?l 
lien,  reported^  that  thero  vveie  ac    Ticonde-' 
>g=i,  80  pieces  of  heavy  cannon,  20   of  brafi?, 
roni  four  to  eighteen  pounders,  ten  oi'a  dov.en 
lortars,  a  number  of  fmall  arms,  and  c'^r'ifle' 
ableftores;   thnt  the    fort    was  in   a  niinouj 
onditiun,  and,  as  he  fuppofed,   gLirrilojicd  by 
bout  forty  men.    It  was  then  fettled,  tharCo- 
if'Miel  Alien  fliould  have  the  fuprcrtje  commavd. 

lid  Colonel  Arnold  was  to  be  hib  afft;:^n?«  <:  ; 

Co i  onfl  A 1  k n  w i  t h  h i  s  -27 o  G r<^ en  Mqi^n^ a . 

<jy8^   arrived    ^t    [.akt»    Ghaniplait),  o|>p5;jt<ire 

t«  Ticor)der-^g;^.on  the  ninth  of  ]^fe(!f,;at0' fU;  •, 

^crstb  were  with  diiEculty  prpcui^ed;  viJieut^*-: 


F 


i«  n  4: 


i( 


■^rtrn 


im:. 


1: 


i  mi 


m\ 


I  !i»i 


■%■■; 


■■;^    * 


K ." 


5^ 


The  HisTonv  tif 


i:v; 


ll- 


''■', 


and  Colon l1  Arnold  crolTcnl  over  with  S3  men 
and  landed  near  the  g^rrifon-  The  two  coio 
nels  c'idvunced  along  iide  each  oiher,  and  en 
tered  the  port,  leading  to  the  forr,  in  the  j^n-e 
of  the  morning.  A  Ten  try  rn;^pped  hib  tule 
at  Colonel  Allen,  and  then  recrtaced  throim'j 
the  covered  way  to  the  parade.  The  nisi; 
body  of  Americans  then  follow  id,  and  drev 
np,  Capt«  de  \%  P]ace,  the  c^^^^i/i  ma  rider,  v  a 
farpriied  in  bed*  Thus  was  the  place  tJikfJ 
without  any  bloodflied. 

Onthei5thof  Jane,  1775,  the  congrcl^ 
proceeded  to  choci'e  by  ballot  a  gcJjcriil  :o  com. 
rnand  all  the  continental  forces,  and  Gtoige 
VVaihingion,  Et'q*  was  unanimouily  ele^^^ed. 

The  next  diy»  orders  were  ilibed  by  the 
Americans,  for  a  detnchinent  of  a  thoiifanti 
rtt6n,  to  march  at  evening,  ai^i  entrerich  u|rn 
Bunkcr'i  hill.  By  ibnie  niillake,  Breed's  hill 
Irgh  anci  large  like  the  other,  but  fituated  oti 
the  furtheilpart  of  a  peninl'ula,  next  to  Boi- 
toHj  was  marked  out  for  the  entrenchment  in- 
lt'^vd  of  Bunktr's.  I'he  provincials  proceeded 
thercforei  10  Breed'j*  hill  ;  but  were  pi'e vented 
going  to  woik  till  near  twelve  o'clock  at  niglit, 
v^'han  ihev  pinibed  their  bniinefs  with  utmoll 
diligciyje  and  alacrity  ;  fo  that  by  the  dawn  of 
the  day,  they  had  thrdwn  up  ct  fin  a  II  redoubt^; 
ab o 1 1  c  j:'rg h  c  rods  i\] ua r e .  b u c li  w  a s  ffi a  ex tra, 
ordrtiaiy  fiience  that  reigned  among  thein/th 
they  were  not  heard  by  the  Britiih  on  boai' 
tli^ir  vclPih  ill  the  neighboring  watcra.      I'Hi 


^  *r  tfcsiied 


North  America. 


51 


e 


igbt  of  the  works  WIS  die  iirft  notice  that  th 

ively  Tnan  of  war  had  of  them,  when  the  cap- 
jain  beg.rri  firing  upon  them  about  foui*  m  the 

lorning.  " 

The  guns  called  the  town  of  Bofton,  the 
|amp,  and  the  flcc^t,  to  behold  a  nove]:y,  which 

;is  little  expected.     The  profpcd  obliged  the 


intilhgentrapWFd alter  the  pl^n  they  incended 


10 


have 


F 


ur 


fuc^ 


the   noit   dc^y.     1  hey    grew 


'eary  of  being  cooped  n\:  in  Bv»fton,  Mid  hnd 
efolved  upon  ui raking  ihemitrlves  miift^rs  rf 
brchefttr  heights  ;  hot  the  prelent  provinct-. 
movement  prt'vepred  the  expediiion.  1  hey 
'ere  now  c.-lied  to  attempt poJPihng  themlelves 
[fBre*"d's  hill,  on  which  the  provincials  conti^ 
ucd  workiniT,  nctwithdandinir   a   heavy    (ire 


oin  the  ece.\fiy*s  lliips,  a  lunnber  of  flosting 
|Htrcri?s-  ^iud  a  foriification  up  Cop's  hill,  in 
>oihMi^  dif  c^!y  (ippoine  to  the  little  Americin 


lout)! 


A 


1    mc 


efir 


nt    ihow^er  o 


f  i 


iOC    ail' 


1 


|onih<i  wa>  poured  by   the  batteries    iipan  rhe 
nio-ican  vv^>rki^J  and  yet  but  one  man  waskil* 


r  «-<; 


»ie  /^nifTira  n<i  contniinng 


hd) 


orinf?  iiuie 


:fati. 


[iblv  till  they  h^d  throv.qi    up  ^  Anaii   brrcil- 

^ork,  t!:;i ending  froni  the  eaft  (ide   oji^ihe  re- 

|ouht  to  the  boito-tt  of  the-  hill  ;  but  they  wti^e 

tAentt:vi  completin^y  it  froiii    the  intelorat>ie 

<J  of  the  enernv*     Ev  feme  iinacL-ouiit  able 


H'/ibe  detachmeot,  which  h:;id;boen   working 


wh 


rs ,  w  n  s  I •  ei  th e r   r e  I i  e v  c d ,  n/)r  iffp 


lied 


^tK  vcfrefhnTents,  but  wereleftio  enftao;eiuK 
•r  tiii;U'  dJlkdvuHiac  C'S.  Between 


;  f  ■' 


?r'^:!l 


'^1' 


v^^:^ 


« 


(1  1- 


ji- 


1  ■ 


r,    '• 


■t     -'I    fU 


#  1'    il-    *t 


»"    * 


■1    .-, 


' » 


4  •« 


5'i    -.^ 


y/;e  History  of 


>  k 


■^.^  ;.%■ 


:''i< 


„1 


Befw*en  twelve  ai^d  one  o'clock,  and  thedayl 

^xoie  i  I'gly  hot,  a  number  of  boats  and  bar.] 

ges.  filled  with  rejuihr  troops  from  Bofton  api 

proached  Charieiton,  when  the  men  were  lanJ 

dr  d  ;it   JMorcton's   Point.       Jhe^'   conliilfd  of 

i(n\v  britt;:i!ons,  tuo  tompanies  of  grenailkrs 

and  *eu  of  lijYht  infantry,  wi-h  a  proporiioii 

-tield  artillery  ;  but,  by    fome    etl^erlight,    theiJ 

fpave  cartridges  \^  ere  niuch  too  big  tor  them  J 

•  fo  vhat,  whon  the  Americans    were   at   lengilil 
>'  ^  r 

forced  from  their  lines,  there  was  not  a  rouud] 

qfarciJlery  cArrriJges>  reiuifining.    [K.^f^s-. 

IM  :}or  Gen.  Howe  and  Brigadier  Gen.  Pigotj 

had  the  coiumand.      The  troops   formed,  and! 

remained  in  that  pofition,  till  joined  by  afecor 

L{-r'jc^jU€nt  of  light    infantry    and    grenadie^ 

coVnp:ini«s,  a  battalion  of  the  land  forces,  anil 

a  battalion  of  marines,  amountio'i  in  the  vholi 

10  about  ;,;ooo    nun.     I'he    Generals   Clinu 

and  rMjrg\>yoe  tock 'their  iland  ui.>on.Cops-hil 

iv!  !>i   Vrve  and     contemplate    the  bloody  anil 

ddlrr.x^ViVe  opera fit)»)s  that  were  now  connnenj 

ciiig.     I'hc  J'egnl  trs  fonned  in  two   lines,  and 

advanced  deliberatciy,   frequently  halting  tol 

jri-^/e  tii^ic  for  the  arriliery   tohre,   which    wasl 

K?ot;\vcll4V!rvtd.       1  he  lip^ht  ii  fantry  weredif 

icaed -to  force  the   left  point   of  the   breaiH 

work,  in d  to  take  the  Anicrican  line  in    flanU 

'I  he  p;r«?nn( Tiers  advanced  to  attack    in    froud 

iUpporred  by  two   battalions,  v^hile    the  IcftJ 

tinder  Gen.   Pigo%  inclined  to  the  right  of  rhsj 

American  line.     One  or  tw  o  of  the  contintnni 

,;.    ■         ;  ,  reginjtTiil 


V 


■^4 


^f  iv: 


iM 


BH 

11 

K 

If?' 


f      i 


jv 


t:"  '    !i 


i^   ! 


;'^S 


'        ■ '    ', 

i 

if 

1 

■/ 

«■  ■; 

' 

4 

*   ■ 

1' 

I'f- 

% 

t   '■> 

'« 

Qicit//r.  o/^f//nkerj'7lfff 


ri>ii-nes  ;  w 


■    * 


'Uht, 


n 


i  rlie  nart  of  ilie  h 


Cl  i  V.' 


■U  i;.      Th-  l-'ti  of  rlie 


ore 


V-V 


-•vt 


work'    iiear- 

Dik,  snd  the" 


'pen  gi'ouiid  ilrctch'.^t;  beyond  rspoii-.t  to  i 


^- 


R 

J'' 

Hr' 

f»i 

Inl  ' 

*    ■   . 

m  ''^'■* 

.  ,  .V) 

t^np 

;   1 

iiif 

1   ' 

11 

If 

n 

fw/i 

f'f' 

^^ 

54 


The  History  of 


,tt 


w 


\  ■ 


m\i  n 


ill  j ;!:,! 


water- fide,  thoufih  which  there  was  not  an 


portrauuyof  carrying 


the 


w  oi 


k, 


op. 


was  (?cc 


up!ei 


partly  by  ihe  IVblfctcliuletts  forces,  and  partly 
by  the  people  of  Connedlicut. 

The  Britifh  moved  on  fiowly  to  the  attack, 
iridead  of  ufing  a  quick  ftep  ;  which  gave  the 
provincials  the  advantage  of  taking  furer  andl 
cooltr  aim.     Thcfe  refer ved  their  lire,  till  the 


regulars  came  within  ten  or  twelve  rods,  when 
they  be^ran  a  furious  difch-irge  of  fniall  arms, 
which  liopped  the  regulars,  who  kept  up  thel 
firing  withoiit  advancing.  The  difcharge 
from  t(^  r  Americans  was  fo  inceilant,  and  did 
fuel]  ex.ecution,  thit  the  regulars  retreated  inl 
d:ibrder,  and  with  great  precipitation  towards 
the  place  of  iaruiing.  Their  officers  ufed  cvc- 
ry  elibrt  to  mi^ke  them  return  to  the  charge, 
Vr'ith  which  they  at  iengt  li  complied  ;  but  the 
Americans  again  refcrved  theirhre  till  there- 
^^ulars  came  witlj;n  live  or  fix  rods,  when  the 
LUem/  w^b  a  Iccond  tiyne  put  k-  [I^^ht. 


./fMjera'  rlv>we   an 


id    rhi 


CJ 


£i(  ers   re 


double 


tlseir  excrtijns  ;  and  Geii.  Ciinron,  perceiving 
how  t'ie  army  was  daggered,  pofTed  ovcrvvith- 
o«it  wiiiclr.cr  fi^r  orders,  and  ioincd  them  n^i 


ire 


to 


Ic  of 


:*_* 


Vice. 


rf-«» 


'1 


ne 


A 


mer>cans    beinil  i" 


III jl       v/ d n L  •  {"  p' > w li e r ,  fe n t  i or    a  i\ j pply  but  c 
W        pro- ure  none    ;  for  there  v.  as  but  a  b;.rrc.l 


o 


•n 


a 


a 


h.iif 


in  xhi 


m'jgaziiie 


g 


rius   deficiency  dil'-l^  ^'^^^|i, 


^5 


abied   ihem  from  m^nk'ng  the  fame  tlcfeiue 
befuri*  ;   wl.'.lc  the  Britiih  reajjed  a  further  .:d 
vantage  by  brir, gin g  feme  c.:i.non  to  bcJi;  i 


-M- 


North  America. 


5^ 


as  to  rake  the  infide  of  the  breaft  work  from 
ei.id  to  end.  The  regular  army  now  made  a 
dec  iive  piift,  and  the  hi  c  from  the  ihips  and 
batteries  was  redoubled.  The  proviucials  were 
|of  neceiiiry  ordered  to  retreat.   ■      /^  '    \'.t.."  • . 

It    was   feared  by   the  Americans  that  the  '  :/- 
iBritilli  troops  would  pulh  the  advantage   they       - 
had  gained,  and  march  immediately  i:o  the  head 
quarters  at  Cambridge,  cibout  two  miles  diftant 
and  in  no  itate  of  defence.      But  they  advanced 
Ino  farther  than  to   Bunker's  hill,   where  they 
[threAMip  works  for  their  own   feciiriiy.     1  he 
provincials  did  the  fame  tipon  Profpecl-hi.ll,  hi       . 
ItVont  of  them,  abom  half  way  to  Cambridge. 
The  lofsof  the  Britilh  according   ro  C7eacr.tl 
[G.jge,  amouutfid  to  1054,   of  wliom  ^V^^:*  wev4' 
killed;  of  thele  19  were  commifi'.oiied  olfice]*^, 
Jnchiding  a  lieutenant  colonel,  two  rru^jors^wnd' 
kven  captains.      Seventy    oihcr  oiEcc^s   were 
KvQunded.     Among,  r hole    Tnore   generally  re-' 
Terted,  were  Lie utenant  Colonel  Aberiioi*t4)y 
md  Major  Piteairn.  •...*.....• 

riie  provincials  had  139 killed,  2'f^'\foundr 
:d,  and  36  were  inilfing,  in  all  453. 

In  the  opinion  of  many,  Gencri»l  Ho-ws.  was 

-Iiar;reable  with  a  capital  error  in  landiiigMiad 

faciei og  as  he  did.     It  might  orgjnate  frcwa 

^'>  <ir€rit  a  confidence    in    the  foiccJo  hf  Qomr 

-»^^»Wj  i»«i  in  «'oo  conte:npuious    aiTopiinuH 

^i  ,:|si^  y>fj^ij[iy  |j,-   [{ad  to  tMc-umter.     Me  cev- 

enuHpnrd  the  provincial^;, hy 

n  Chaileiloii;!^- 
neck. 


o,- 


'^ 


'I 


f 


! 


^. 


I    1* 


^1  .1'. 


i      *    '. 


^rl 


f. 


."/ 


•\ 


^6 


The  HistoRY  o/ 


"Under  tlie  fire  of  the  fioaiing  batteries  nnd 
iiiipsof  war.  litre  he  niight  have  It.itiontd 
and  tortifitd  his  arwiy,  aj^d  kept  u|,  dii  o|  en 
couununicaLion  wi.hB.^flon  by  a  warer  carriage, 
wliicb  he  wouUlh.  ve  comnui)Jtd  ibrcngh  the 
aid  f»f  the  navy,  on  each  liue  of  the  penini'ula  — 
lit.'J  he  nude  this  aianGeiivre,  the  proviiuii.is 
iJ^nlt  have  rnade  a  rapid  rcrreat  from  Breed's* 


hii; 


] 


I  to  eicape,  liavnig  nis  troop:-  in  the  rear, 
and  bdjig  enclofed.  Jr  was  laid  that  General 
Ciintun  propol'td  it-  The  rejv:6l';on  cf  that 
pri'poral  greatly  weakened  theBritilh  anny, 
;>ri»i  pro'oably  juevented  the  ruin  of  the  Aiue- 


( 


n  Jtar'.y,  the  congrefsrecf^ivcd  a  letter  fi 


le  con v^en noil  oi  CTe<^r 


g»a: 


om 
fetting    forth  that 


^iiecolotiy  had  i.cceded  to  the  general  ari^^ciati- 
<>!/    md  aopoinicd  delegites  to  attend  the  con- 

The  arc?^]lon  of  Georgia  to  the  colonies  or- 
ctiioned  their  being  wrterwards  called  7he 
"i  Ih'ttcn  Vtnttci  Cvlcnics.  The  lirft  hodilines 
thit  hspperud  in  this  part  between  the  oppo- 
life  parties,  comuiendcd  about  the  middle  of| 
Novemlicr,  when  a  rumber  of  royalifts  attack- 
ed ine  Aniericans,  and  (jbligcd  them,  after 
three  dnv^.  to  farreiuler  afortthev  had  takf  !iB"Ji<'-3ed,  a 


J  ,/         pf^lfei^on  of,  in  wfiich    they  expected  to  iij.kc 
an  ♦■ffechial  reiilh.nce. 

In  the  rronih  cf  Nnvcmber,  the  New-Y4)rV 


j        CO' vrniiv)n  havinpr  refolv  ed  npon  the  remo  al^^'fi'i^lget^ 
of  Jic  CAiinoa  from    the  baiury  uf   the,  cirv 

Captiiial 


-J'  ■  f 


Ties  nnd 
lt.it  ion  td 
.  dii  oj  en 
carriage, 
DU'jh  the 
lini'ula  — 
roviiuials 
Bread's* 
the  rear, 
I  General 
n  of  I  hat 
ilh  ariiiy, 
:he  AuiC- 

tter  from 
forth  that 
aft'oci  a  ti- 
the con- 

loniesor- 

bilcil  7ht 
hodiliiies 
the  oppo- 
middle  of| 
ft^s  attack- 
em,  a  tier 
,ad  takfti 
i  to  xii.kc 


<  I 


North  America. 


57 


laptain  Sern's  was  appointed    to  the  biifinels. 

'apialn  Vandeput,  of  the  Alia  man  of   war, 

vva:>  privately  informed  of  the  defign,  and  pre- 

ar ed  to  op pof e  its  e xc  cu  r  i  on .     Le  ar  n i n  g  vv  h  e  a 

it  was  to  be  attempted,  he  appointed  a  boat  ta 

^atch  the  motion  of  the  people   adembled  for 

the  purpofe    about  the    dead    of  night.     I'hc 

Tailors  in  the  boat  giving  theligna},  with  a  flafh 

)r  powder,  of  what   was  goin^^  forwards,   the 

)erfons  on  fliore  millook   it   for  an  atrcn^pt  to 

ire  amuiketat  them,  and  immediaiely  aimed  a 

oily  of  flH>t  at  the  boat,  by  which  a  nun  was 

illecl.     Captain  V.,indeput  foon  after  com  men- 

red  a  firijig  from  the  Alia  with  grape  ihot,  fwi- 

^cl  ihot,  I  8  and  24  pounders,  without  killing  a 

igje  perfon,    and  wounded    only  ihrec,  two 

ntly,the  other  lolt  tiie  c.df  of  his  leg.     He 
thendeaied   for  a  considerable  time,  fuppoling 
that  the  people  had  dtfilUd  from  their  purjune,, 
'hile  they  were  only  ch;inging  their    mode  of 
)pe  ration. 

Capt.  Sears  provided  a  deceiving  party,  in- 


Jevv.Y* 

)rV 

remo 

a! 

tb'   ^ 

rv. 

Capi 

ilia 

I  IT 


ended 


A 


to  uraw   tile 


A: 


1  1   s 


fir 


c  irom  c 


he) 


ine  01 


he  working  party.  W^  (^^xn  the  former  behind 
breafc  work,  by  whicli  they  were  i"ecnr':d  by 
!odp;ing  down  upon  obferving  th«'  fi.ilh  uf  the 
ifia'sginis.  Wh('n  all  was  iii  readinef  ,  vhey 
ui^.aed,  An{\  fung  out  'he^ir,  nores  as  thov^gh 
»i';«!iiiO    i»  unifou,  and  fi»'ed  fron    the  './niist 


'iiilethe  workin'r  party  filer\tly  [rot  oifc^venfy 
jne  eighteen  pounders,  with  cai*mgcSj  empty 
larcruigct,  rauuners,  kcm 

lIpo» 


I  t' 


t     I    t 


iji.  r» 


The  History  of 


h: 


J 


i>, ' ' 


III 


i^s-H- 


'k- 


1  . 


'  1, 


„ '  |i 


4 ; 


li' 


upon  hearing  the  noifennd  feeing  the  fireof 
the  TiiuOcny  the  captain  ordc?recl  the  Alia  to 
ftVG  3  wlioie  brondlide  towards  that  part  of  the 
fort,  whore  the  deceiving  party  had  iecured 
themfelves,  without  intendniiT  any  parncuUr| 
injury  10  the  city.  liowevfr  roineof  the  Ihot 
fiew  irjio  tfie  ^ity,  and  did  damage.  ' 

'^liis  rj|:iir  happened  at  a  very  late  liour, 
bfitween  tweWe  and  two,  and  threw  the  cifu 
zens  into  the  utm'jil:  confternanon.  TJiS  dif. 
trefrs  of  the  New-Yorkers  was  very  much  en- 
crciafed  by  a  pauiful  .tpprthtMjlion,  that  Capti 
Vandepiu  would  renew  hi  iiring  upon  the  ci-l 
ry.  A  removal  ofmen,  women,  children,  and 
goods  ir.ilanti}  conniieiKe<i,and  C30ti«ined  for| 
(nine  tin-.e.  Matte rswcre  ho\^everfo  far  ad- 
y\fic.dy  as  to  cjuict  the  apprehenfions  of  the  peo. 
pl«f;  in  refer  re  nee  to  their  Ivdtb]  mg  further  froml 


tilt!  fire  of  the  Alia- 


o  prevent  ir,  the  con.| 


vention pfrnuf eclAbiahani  Lott, hic^*  to fupply 
his  majt.rcy  a  Hiips,  il-uioned  r.t  New-  York,  with 
i'cci\aiies,  as  well  f.elh  as  faked,'  for    the 


1 1)'- 


UiC  or  iJiole  imvy 


ih 


♦^ »  *\ 


» f  1  >i  on  - !  J  n  r  i\  c«  ve  w.  D  e  r 


I 


x]  c  gr-ierai  af* 
A  li'lv  of  f'lirde-liljnd  |>:.n'td   an  set  for  die 
<^V}.it.i{  purnf^ifTient  of  jierfon^^,  wlio  fhould  bej 
fciti.'id  oiultv  of  holdinir  a  triiterous  corrtf  )on« 
Uvjtf.  ^vitli  che  Tninifhy    of  Great  Britain,  <^rj 
any  of  r!u  .r  oftlcers  or  agents,  or  of  f'.ipplyir.J 
the  niinilKiiai  arn\v  or  navy,  employed  agiini 
tl'eUnned   Colonies,   with    provihon??,   ;o  ins,| 
^'c.  or  of  acting  aspiloti  on  board  ^ny  of  ii»cir 


North  America. 


tf.'fr 


59 


vefiels.  They  alfo  paffed  an  aO  for  feqneficr- 
^^^  |:j^PQf ling  the  eflates  of  re\'t*ral  perf(>ns,  whom  thty 
r,    A^:-.  .^Icoulldercd  as  avowed  enemies  to  ihe  liberties  of 


e  Aiia  to  I 
art  of  the 
d  fee u red 


lamerica. 

On  the  nip;ht  of  the  26th    of  AvrnfL  about 


oarticularl^^^^  AyotTJcan  troops  entrenched  un  Plowed 
f  the  liiotfr'^^'  within  pomt  bh^nk  f/jot  of  the  BriLiiii  on 
toiinker'shill  ;  and  not wirliituidinp  a  continual 


ate  hour, 
the  citi- 

Tlis  dir. 

much  en. 
hat  Capt. 
on  the  ci- 
idren,  and! 
tinned  for 

fo  far  ad- 
of  the  peo. 

rtherfroiii 
the  cor. 


ire  almoit  all  the  day  folio winp-,  thev  h-id  on- 

y  two  killed  aitu  two  wonrided.     The  Briiiiii 

inding  that  tlieir  firi:ny  d:d  not  ani'wer,  relax* 

J»  and  after  a  vhile  ddUled  entirely,  and  the 

!i  ericans  renuiiicd  (juitt  in  their  new  poil. 

In    the    beginning    of  September,    General 

V'alhington  received  a  very  accepable  reoiit- 

aiicc  of  7000  pounds  weipiit  ofpow^icr,  wb'ch 

ladbtfii  very  fc.rcein  the  American  :»riny. 

Gen.  Wiuliin^iop,,  haviug,  received  pleafing 
ccoiints  from  Cm  tda,   being  allured  that  ne'i- 
lier  Ind^iins  nor  Canadians  conid  Le  prevailed 
'  t*  fonplvJ*^^"  ^^*  adagaiiifi  the  Americans, eoiwerted  iJKi 
f  >rk  withfr^^^  ^^  detacliing  a  body  of  troops  from  the 
X  '    tjigW^'id  quarters,  acrofs  the  country  to  Ouehcc* 
'C  communicated   the  fame  to  Gen.  bcUjiyi^^r^ 
'ho  approved  it,  and  all  tilings  vi  ere  got  iii  rea- 
iinefb.    They  fet  cut  e.n  the  expedition  t^j.tbe 
3thi)f  September,  under  the  coinauiic'^^o.f  C;^).- 
mold,  allKied  bv  the  Colonels  Green vau<I-E» 
J0[.,and  Majors  Meigi  cniii  Bigeluw,  t!i{?  wnf>lt 
otce  auiountlng  to  jIkuu  eleven  hiwdted  i-ti^n- 
G'n'the  i  8ih  of  Gclol^er,  Capt.  JNIoi  vat  de-, 
^vtjytd  i-^plioufe^,  278  (lorcs.an^^tber  buildr 
*i^i;  ilc'tar  gieaur  and  better  parr  of  the 

tQwn 


T^ierai  af- 
la  lor  the 

fr;(udd  be 
boncf  )oii' 

U-itaiii.  <^f 

f'jpplyi''?,] 

d  ix^y-M' 
ins, 


arms,, 
y  of  ii«eir 
vcileh*' 


i^ 


H- 


m  •f. 


'H' 


69 


The  History  of' 


i   a 


t .'  ;i 


»    !1 


*     '    .    ! 


-'mm 


i       i: 


town  of  Falmouth,  in  the  northern  part  of  MafJ 
I'achufetts.  The  inhabitants  in  compliance  withi 
a  rplolve  of  the  provincial  congreCs,  to  prevent 
toiies  carryinor  out  their  efft  6ls,  gave  fonie  vi.l 
dent  obftru'fVion  to  the  loading  oi  a  n^vAl  li;ip| 
wnich  drew  upnn  ihem  the  indignation  of  rhel 
Britiih  pdmiral. 

In  the  mean  time,   Gen-   Montgomery   wasl 
fent  forward  to  Ticonderogj,   with  a  body  ofl 
troops  ;  And  being  arrived    at  the  IflcauxNu.f 
ix,  he  drewnpa  declaration,  which  he  fent  a. 
tnovjg  the  Canadians  by  Col.  Allen  arid  IVlajor 
Brown,  alluring  them,   that  the  army  was  deJ 
fig:ud  only  againffc  the    Englijh  f^arriit)ns,  and 
not  againtl  the  CQuntry,  their  hberties,  or  re. 
)igion. 

Col.  Allen  and  Major  Brown  being  on  tlieirl 
return,  after  executing  the  connniilion,  wirhl 
which  the  general  had  entrulled  them,  the  laN 
ter  advifed  Col.  Allen  to  halt,  and  propoied^ 
that  the  Colonel  fhonld  return  to  Longueil,^ 
procure  canoes  ami  croCs  the  river  St.  Law- 
ienre,a  little  north  of  Montreal,  while  he,  tlicl 
in^^jor,  crolfcd  a  little  to  the  fouthof  the  town,! 
v-'ith  near  200  men,  as  he  had  boats  fufficientJ 
The  plan  wa:-,  approved,  and  Cob  Alien  pnfie(l| 
ihe  river  in  the  t,ight.  The  tr.njor,  by  ioi)^^ 
means,  failed  on  his  part,  and  Cob  All^n  founJ 
hnnfelf,  the  next  morninp-,  in  a  criti  ;.tl  iitir'ti 
-on,  but  corichided  on  defendiuii  himfelf.  G^nJ 
Carleton,  ^earninp-  how  weak  Colcntu  AM 
was,  marched  out  agaiiiil  hirn  uith  a,ho.,ut  kjrtj 

rcp;ulavsi 


."  '■  -f 


■;*■■•■•■ 


North  AmericAi 


^' 


egiiiarSjtol ether  with  Canadians,  EngliHi  and' 
[nciiai:s,  aiDouncin?^   to  fome  hundreds.     '1  he 


olonel  defended  hiiiiielf  with  nivich  hrav 


et 


y 


>ut  being;  delerted  by  levers  1,    chit'fiy  Cauadi- 

ins,  and  having  had  fifteen  of- his  n;en   killed, 

'as  under  the   necelhty  of  Surrendering  with 


thirtv-one  i 


fTeclives  and  feven  wounded*     1 


c 


[was  diredlypiu  in  irons- 

On  the  4th  of  Odober, .,  a  party  of  Canruil- 
ms,  who  had  joined  and  greatly  aihiled  the  be« 
ieiiers,   entrenched    themfelvesoa  the  eaii  Iide 


fsiit 


n  aru>» 


^f  liu-  lake,  on  which  the  enemv 

irivc  them   away  :  but 


wi 


th  ti 


oop* 


tfo  d] 


?d  (loop 

ihe  Canadians  attacked  tlie  fluop  with  virt^r^ 
iiled  a  number  of  the  n/en,  ynd  obliged  her  to 
•■turn  to  St.  John's  in  a  (ha ftered  condition. 
On  the  7th,  the  main  booy  of  iLe  ?nrjy  ik*- 


miped  f ro  n  the   four.h_,   and  nu^rcbex!   vo  \\ 
lorth  lide  of  the  furt^     In   the  evenfer,  thT^^v 
egan  to  throw  Mp  a  breaft  Whr] 


OiGcr  T^ 


"!    *• 


tre(^  a  batteiy  of  cannon  and   uvorturs.  ,  JJ 


m 


tintntal   troops  brought  fuch  a  ipir^'r'^o 


m^ 


/-.f 


5fcrcy  inco  the  field,  and  thcvi^rh:  fo  iri^.3>''  1 
Ifiendelveb,  that  they  would  no^  beav  cithf  t* 
|Ubordi:Mtion  or  dikioline.  The  vr^nfralscoold 
pt,  ifi  truth,  direct  I'ndr  operiti^ous,  :\xh 
uu  d  r-oi  have  faveJ  an  hour  . 


\i\f;n-  iitax 


1 


twVd  thcv  not  feared  t]i it  Uie  e:^nii•/ie  w(>i4Ut:bc 
kit*  t  e/>fer:u  1  Iv  l/^UowtLiv  '^-  udlo  hivr.  in^'ireu  the 
[Uuht^fi^rVai.    Fhcje  Vr.n>  ^  '-reat  \vant  offow- 


IrVl** 


1\      W 


hich. 


wilIa  me  Oiiaru silly 


b-'i 


tavionr  ut 


i«  troops  wuo  a  d  nn-^  lo  liic  li^^p^scf  turmi:n- 


atiiut 


1  r  ^v 

i  J  i' 

1 '^ 

.  ■ 

■ :        1     " 

Wf 


I  > 


.r'.i 


*'WI>-'**-v-^  -V. 


\   K'. 


6i 


M-4' 


The  History  of    t 


atir'.g  the  fi«ge  fuccefjifallyi  The  j7t-f)rp«(Jt, 
hov  ever,  foon  brightened^  for  the  Americans 
planned  an  ^-ti.ck  upon  Chanihlce,  and  in  bat. 
teuus  canitd  dv)wn  the  aniilcry,  pa  ft  (lie  fort 
of  St.  Johr.*s.  After  a  ihort  demur,  it  fuvrtn 
del  ed  to  the  majors  Brov/n  and  Llvingliojj. 
The  frreartft  acquifition  ^vas  about  iix  tons  pi 
powder,  'vK  ;-j  gave  great  encouragement  to 
the  proy^nr  -^    - 


ja- '« 


On  the  .  ^th '^November,  Gen»  Montgo. 
mcry  preiTed  on  to  Montreal,  which,  not  f)c. 
ing  capable  of  in<jking  any  defe-nce,.  Gov.  Carl- 
ton quitted  it  one  day,  and  the  American  gen* 
er?]  etJtertd  it  the  next* 

N^twitbflanding  the  advanced  fealon  of  ih? 
year,  Gtn.  Mcntgomerv  .narched  on  for  th^ 
capital,  and  uu  the  <th  of  Dtxcmher  appeared 
before  ^uel.tc-  The  garrilon  confifted  of  a*. 
boutfiftcei?  hundred,  while  tli-  htfugers  v. ere 
hid  to  conCftoi  little  more  than  halt  that  num. 
Iber.  Upon  his  appearing  beiore  the  city,  h« 
lent:  forward  a  flag  of  truce,  which  w^s  fired 
;;poa  by  order  of  Sir  Guy  Cirleton*  At  this 
Gen.  Montgomery  was  fo  provoked,  that  the 
ii:2xr  diy  he  wrote  ro  Sir  Guy,  a»d  in  hiv  ^ic^ 
ttTy  departed  from  the  common  mode  of  r.oi> 
veying  bio  fentinients  ;  he  made  ufe  of  threats 
and  l:ingU')ge  which  in  hh  cooler  nioinein&  he 
would  have  declined. 

In  fpite  of  the  inclemeiKy  of  the  feafon,  he 
iet  about  ereA:'king  wx^rks*  His  batteries  wer^ 
«oaipofed  of  ihow  and  water.  ^Imk  ioon  be* 


.>4-' 


/^-  t 


JSIoRTH  America. 


^1. 


f.iiTie  folid  ice.    He  plarite'd  on  ihem  five  pieces 
of  ordaiKe,  twelve  and  nine   pounders^   with 
oiie  howitzer  ;  but  the  artillery  was  made- 
ciiiate,  and  made  no  impreftion*  ^ ''-'^<:.-'-c^^- 

In  the  eveniVig,  a  council  was  held  hy  alt 
the  commanding  oJlScers  of  Col.  Arnold's  de<^ 
tuchment,  and  a  Inrge  niftjority  were  for  for- 
ming the  garrifon,  as  Joo'n  as  the  men  were 
provided  with  baynnets,  fpears,  hatchets  raid 
lund  grenades.  The  plan  of  (lorming  rh> 
garrifon  was  v/holly  the  work  of  Gen.  Me.^t- 
^oiuery,  who^in  the  council  of  w*!r  held  on  thv 
occafion,  fhevved  the  necelFuy,  pra£ljcabiliryj, 
and  impoitance  of  it,  in  flich  a  cle^r  anr*  cort- 
vincing  manner,  that  they  unanifivoufly  a^reei 
to  the  meafure.  Tfie  sittemgt  J^ad  the  <*p- 
pe.AraiKe  of  rafhneis,;  biit  the  general  wm$ 
perfuaded  that  men,  who  had  bthavrd  TfeK.. 
bravely,  would  follow  him,  and  th^tSir  Gny^ 
Carieton^  forces  would  not  fight,  when  a.5lwai 
ferv'ice  commenced. 

On  tl^e  3 1  ft  of  D.ecembrr,  the  troops  affem- 
blec  at  the  hour  appointed.  They  %er"  tq 
iDaJce  the  attack  by  the  way  of  Cape  Diamond;, 
at  the  general's  quarters  on  the  heights  of  A- 
braham,  and  were  headed  by  the  Gen.  himielf. 
Col  Arnold  was  made  to  attack  through  the 
foburbs  of  St.  Roe.  CoK  Livingftori  and  Mirj- 
Bro\'/n  w  ere  to  m::ke  a  falfe  attack  upon  the 
walls,  to  the  fouthward  of  St-  Jehu's  gate, 
31' d  In  thc^  mean  time  to  fet  lire  w  the  jr^te  vvith 
^H  €i>Hiuu&6ks  prej>aried  Iqjt  that  purpofe* 

The 


•M' 


!■> 


m 


-t  is 


ir 


64 


Thff  History  of 


.m 


•I 


m\ 


The  colonel  was  alfo  tog've  tbefignals  forthf 
coinbinat'on  ot  the  nttacks,  which  were  to  be- 
gin  <'xa6lly  at  [iVe  o'clock.  It  isfaid  that  Capt. 
Fr.ifer,  of  the  regulars,  who  vas  then  on  I 
pifjUfct,  going  his  round,  fa w  the  rockets  firej 
off  'iS  iignals,  aiui,  forming  a  conjedure  of  what 
\v;;s  cyoins:  forward,  he^t  to  arnis  wirhoiu 


going 


or. 


ders,  and  fo  prepared  the  9;arfilon  for  defence. 
Tht  d  iferer.t  routs  the  afl'ailants  had  tom-ike, 
the  depth  (<f  the  foow,  and  other    obrtacles, 


pre  vcn 

in.  ud. 


zed 


»f  I 


ratf  execution  or  ijjv)nerroirs  com 


Z^i 


The  general  ino^ved  with  his  divifion, 
a?f ended  by  a  laindier  of  carpenters,  to  thel 
pi'iuets  ni  C/>pe  Diamof  d.     1  hefe  v.  ere  fooii 


»M1 


the  laws,  and  the  general  pulleo  thef  | 
<^'.> iv ^;,ii!i,nf^: ^f.      He  the n  e ntt  ret! ,  at ter.ded  by 


et-^.rf'fntf'r 


r.''    ( 


n  tl«a 


fprne  of  his  oiJicersi 


J3« -th^i^^  r^n'rariCc,  '  th«ir  gui-.ifs    forft^^t 
f^)pt,H'>?Wcb   alciruit-d    the   geTtcr.il  and  other 

re  unacoaaifued  with  the  paf$ 


':f*i,;\3f]Vc'  u 


.eB;Si 


Uatjon  o 


f  the 


ene; 


'>'■ 


's  anillei" 


•y.     H 


ow. 


f-'^rr,  rhey  DrelTed  on,  and  the  c-eneraL  obferv. 


*\r 


.."^ 


v/ 


ji^t  the  troops  did  not  follow  w-ith  Ipirit 
•  '•  i>\\K,  ^*  Fie,  for  frinie  !  will  ihe  New. 
V   r'-oops.  deifTC   thr  caufi.  in  tiiis  crjcicjil 

V-«;I   ?    W 


h.efat  fe:^d: 


.'»!  voii ?|o^  Iqiiow  when  yourgevj 
o Hi  c^\^\  \^vi ve  boys,  •  Ooebec  ij 
"^  few  fueled  wr:t4i  refoUnion.  cid vapre  d, 
cmt  ,;Jrackt  .1  toe  wunj-dfinefe.  witen  tW  Ci'vmv 


oiirc 


'»>- 


lift 


ir 


(ii  r«"r^iv 


t( 


i 


lom  I 


Ireiy 


rrirf- 


nimV^rd  r.lto  of  fin.]!  i^ro-js,  wh%h  prtyvcA  \^' 
Ujl  Co  the  gsiiecrii^  hx$  aide  ds  ca 


Ht 


%>-:*^<'. 


fc'Ai^els 


^»v 


f^piirar 


ri 


[Oil's  com. 


^f 


Q)rat/i  y  OtiJt/Mn^f/cmri^ 


A 

■ 

■    'J 

i 

\  h , 

\  I 

'!     '  t 

t   K- 


? 

1 

vi^ 


I? 


hi 


J'i ' 


.'■■J     ( ' 


ill  'i^^ 


^9J^ 


■i^^/W'  "■'■^' 


•4idK»*r 


•^ 


ni 


iiir 


> 


i 


,(i  n>: 


'^  li. 


'^M 


i      \ 


^ 


)(•' 


"XT 


.t    » 


iijaluiiOUi 

the  Depu 
)fll,  with 
:ommrincl, 
incl  the  w 
Thediv 
iiiiucoelsA 

111  one  of  I 
:arrieil  to 
Mined  thei 
lopes  of  r 
It  lail  to  ii 
ittack  the 
red  111  en* 
Uth  ]m  tl 
taken  up  t 
l^rcpared,  ; 
t  erred.  1 
Iwell  lirwb" 
ireU.  He 
ieiice  of  i 
fa  nily  in 
ta:ioii  in  il 
:ellent  qtu 
in  unco  inn 
lii"^  adilitie: 
:orJic{ered 
:aufe,  thai 


■ff 


'I 


Ih^ 


..  f 


No^TH  America. 


^5 


;be<Me;»tir^n,  and  others*  The  firing  from  the 
u.iiuiioulc  cc;ileu,  by  the  eiien^y's  cjuitting 
htfir  poll,  and  the  opponuniiy  tifcred  fur  the 
jlaihi'ito  to  puih  forwc^rd  wiih  iuccefs  ;  buc 
he  DepLUy  Q^iiartermailer  General,  Caii^p- 
f!l,  with  the  rauk  of  a  Colonel,  aflbmtd  the 
oiiiixiand,  ordered  a  retreat,  which  rook  place, 
,nti  the  wounded  werecarried  olFro  the  camp. 
Thedivifton  under  Col.  Arnold  was  equally 
niiucoelsful.  I'he  Colonel  received  a  wound 
u  one  of  his  legs  from  a  mulket  ball,  and  was. 
arried  to  the  geiieral  holyitah  His  men  main- 
lined their  j^round  till  ten  o'clock,  when,  all 
opes  of  relief  being  over,  they  were  obliged 
tlail  to  iurrender  pril oners  of  war.  In  this 
rtack  the  provincials  loft  upwards  of  an  hun- 
red  men-  Gen.  Montgomery  waj  {liot  thro* 
[)Qth  hi?,  thighs  and  his  head.  His  body  wa# 
aken  yp  the  next  day,  an  elegant  cofEn  wa^ 
iirepared,  and  he  was  foon  after  decently  in- 
erred.  The  general  was  tall  and  ileJid«r, 
well  hmb'd,  of  (  afy,  graceful,  and  manly  ad- 
arefs.  He  had  the  love,  elteeni,  and  conrir 
[deuce  of  the  whole  army  ;  he  was  of  a  good 
ia  nily  in  Ireland,  and  had  icrved  wkh  repu- 
Urioii  in  the  late  war  with  Jbrance*  i^k  e^x.. 
lellent  qialities  and  difpolition  procured  hfm 
aniiiicommcn  ihare  of  private  n£teil;iott,  and 
1*^  abilities  of  public  efleem.  His4€*;;ttK  wa,s 
corJidered  as  a  greater  lofs  to  the-Asi>trkan 
-•lUe,  ih;jn  all  the  others  v^/ith  v^hkh^  k was 
[s':r(rapanied» 

G  2  When 


;'»!' 


;, 


■  1 


.^  [f,  ' '. 


It 


*  ■■■' 

,  .1 

"•X- 

1  1 

.uL 

ti ' 

M". 


^V.    « 


I 


■,t\ 


*.-^ 


•  I 


fnnt 


17 


The  expedition  againil  ricoiulcroga. 

Geo.    WalhiuQtun,    F^fq.    e!e«5r«^.fi    conimander 

in  chief  t<f  rhe  contineiital'tbrces.       ?      ^ 
"1  ne  batile  of  Buj-ker's-hill.  -    :    -r ;.;  w  " 
i-.'eoriii^  acceeds  to  the  Union- 
'.rhe  t^'r teen  United  Colonic; 
The  Alia  man  cf  war  fires  upon  New- York. 
Col.  ArncJd's  expedition  into  Can^^rij, 

Y 


^ 


-ii)jooi:n 


deili 


oy 


eel 


.s 


un<i  on  whit  account. 


I      Coi.  All'^n  taken  prifoner,  and  put  in  irons< 


Gv  n 


Montgorirery    appears   bc[v>rc   Oiiebcc, 


aiiJ  is  killed  iliere- 


■^ih:. 


i 


'lu;^ 


■'\^' 


f< 


*^  V 


CHAP> 


North  America. 


i7 


rorinf^fled 
uec,  there 

and  whe. 
'  iK  ge,  cr 
rrive.  A 
lold  fhould 

fiege,  (T 
xordingly 
i  they  h:i] 
tor  duty  ; 
c>ni  the  ci- 
jully. 


hapiei' 


r()ns« 


CHAP^ 


-,.      '/■       C    H    A    P.     V.      -■:  :■'■^-c^-■-.   t- 

T    ET  us  now  reiiirn  to  Bofton  and  its  envi- 


U 


ron.^,  and  lee  what  was  tranfa<fting  there. 


On  the  15th  of  February,  1776,  the  Itrtngrh 
0^  the  ice  having  been  tried  in  one  place,  and 
the  frofl  continuing,  Gtn*  VValhington  wasde- 
firouscf  embracing  the  iealbn  for  palling  over 
ir,  from  Cambridiie  fide  into  Bodon.  he  laid 
Dctore  the  council  of  war  the  foUow 


mgquei. 
tion  :  '*•  A  Iboke  \a  ell  ain)ed  at  this  cHtical 
junclure  may  put  a  final  period  to  the  war^anJ 
reftorc  ppace  and  tranquihty  lb  much  to  fcre 
wiihed  for  ;  and  rherelore,  whether  part  of 
Cambridge  and  Kcxboroiigh  hays  being  frczcn 
over,  a  general  affauk  ihould  not  be  macic  ou 

niinander  |  Gei..  Ward  oppofi  d  the  idea,  faying,  *^  The 
"ttack  ji.ujit  be  made  with  a  view  of  brintrin^ 
oii  an  en^ra^eiueiit,  or  of  driviin^  the  enernv 
out  OX  Bofton.  and  either  end  v, ill  be  ;^nf'Vcled 


in 


uch  better  by  poire:!]ing  Doiclitller  heigiit 


"J, 


3> 


•York.      I  When  the  votes  were  called  {k>rj  the  majtn-lt/ 

were  arrainft  the  attack,      it  v^  ii^  ho^'Cvcr  de. 

lunt."^     ■  termiiied  to  poCifs   thenilv^ives  of  Dorcheiier 


hejurh 


ghrs,  which  was  accordingly  afterwaids  ac 


Oiiebcf,  I  Coniphlfied 


()v\  the  cth  of  March,  the  15>ir'*/h  aJtniral 
mformtid  Gen.  Howe,  that  ii  the  Americans 
puH^eOed  I  holt:  heights,  he  could  nci  keep  Oi 


te 


of  hisn;.^jti}y's  iiiipb  in  tb*^  haibuui.     Ev-ry 


o 


tiiiua 


m 


if'i^ 


m\,i 

\  1     -' 

*. 


i^ 


i  ■:  ii 


6 


h^ 


I. 


Zh   HlSTOR,Y    $/ 


defign  of  Gen»  Howe  to  force  the  American 
works  ou  the  hill  being  fruitrated,  a  couiii'ei  of 
war  was  called,  when  it  was  ay;recd  lu  evacu- 
ate the  to'vn  as  loon  as  polliole.  The  lime 
that  had  been  gajned  by  the  Amt^ncaf  s  tor 
ftrengrhening  t.icir  works,  rook  aviuy  aii  iH)pt$ 
of  any  lucceTsful  {ttemptb  lo  be  made  on  thcia 
by  the  Britiih  forces.  The  Americans  had  pro- 
vidc'd  a  great  number  of  b.irre-ls,  tilled  wuh 
Jftu  les,  gravel  and  land,  which  were  plact-d 
rou.jd  tlie  works,  ready  to  be  rolkd  dov^n, 
witii  a  view  to  break  the  liiiCscif  any  hoitde  ad- 
vancinfT  troops,  when  afccndinjr  ihe  hills. 
Oil  ihe  7th  of  March,  there  was  a  general 
urry  ^nd  confiifion  in  Bollon,  every  one,  in 
royal  intereih  being  bnfy  in  preparing  to 


ii 

the 

cj'iit   the   tovvn,  and    to  carry  off  every  thn 

th:it  was  vainable.      A  tlag  Avas  lent  ont  trc 


):U 


(  If     tiu-?  ielecl  men,  acquainting  Gen*  Wafljington 
v.ith  the  inretuion    ot  the  trotips,  and  thar  gc 


>ei  d\  Howe   was   dtfpofed   to  leave  the  to 


Wil 


it'jnd 


MiT 


g»  provi 


ded  1) 


le  coujd  retire  unnitcrrup- 
teJ.     General    Wafhington  b!)uiid  hnnfelf  un- 
der  »o   obligation,    bat    exprelled    himfelf   in 
words,  which  admitted  ot  a  f-ivorable  conliruc- 
*^iO\\;  ,9iid  intiniatetj   his  good  wilhes  for  the 
I  i^rekTvation    of    Bo(lon»      At  four  o'clock,  in 
the   morning,  of  the    17th,   the   embarkation 
i'Pfil  was  completed,  and  before  ten  the  whole  fleet 
'IS  u'i^lei  f;nl,  Dnd  the  provincials  foon  alier 
I  F':*^  tO'.'k  pojlel-ion  i)f  the  town.  •  -      . 

Let  uj  ao7/  tajk^^  a  view  oi' wlut  was  doin 


w 


^i 


ill 


'Hmk 


^. 


North  Amfrica* 


69 


in  Virginia.  Towards  the  dole  of  177^  the 
Liverpool  frigate  arrived  at  Norfolk  from 
Gi£'it- Britain.  Soon  after,  the  captsin  lent 
a  t!ag  of  truce,  and  demanded  to  be  inform- 
ed, uheiher  his  miijfjfty's  Ihip  of  war  would 
be  fupplied  from  the  ihore  with  p'^ovifions. 
The  reply  was  in  the  negative  ;  and  the  fbips 
in  th:^  harbor  being  continually  annoyed  by 
[the  riflemen  from  behind  the  buildings  and 
warehoufes  on  the  wh-irfs,  it  was  dettrmlned 
Ito  (iifiodge  them  by  deltroying  the  town. 

Previous   notice   was    given    that    the    vvo- 

Imt^n,  children,  and    othtr  innocent    pcrlons, 

kii^iit  remove    from    the    dan^yer.     1  he    en- 

traiice  of  the  new  year  was  fignalized  at   four 

o'c]o(.k  in  che  morning,  by  a  violent  cannonade 

fron  the   Liverpool,   two  fioops  of  war,  and 

th'e  go^Trnor's  armed   Ihip,  the  Dunn^ore;  ie^ 

coiidtd  by  parties  of  ilnlors  and  mannes,  who 

1: 1'  led  and  fwed   the   htmfts  next  the  v^ater* 

Where    buildings,    indead    of   being  covt  red 

with  vile,  fiate,  or  lead,  are  covered  with  ibin- 

k,les,  (chin  hght  pieces  of  fir  or  cedar,  ha'f  a- 

y^rd  in  'K^ngth,  and  about  fix  inches  broad}  i?t 

the  wind  be  ever  fo  moderate,  they  wil!,  njon 

hemg  hri  d,   be  likely  to  rommunicute  the  coiwi 

fi<<grac)c»n  ro  a  diitancej  rnonhi  ihe  v  f-nther  ha 

my,  by  the  burning  ihin$?;les  oen^g  drivvjn  by 

jtii^^  force  of  the  flames  co  ihc  tops  <:^' other 

llioifi:<:.  ^ 

)  bus  the  ^'vhole  town  waf  reduced  to  tifhcs, 
^hjt  the  Anriericans  might  have   no:  ihcbsr. 


■  I 


s4 


]■ 


'•If  ■ 


111 


*H^ 


'>^^i 


V 


TA^'IIisTopy  nf 


* 


% 


»  \ 


i     ! 


frlcijld  'hfv^"''tKVine«'l  in<»{lM-»ljih  u  v^cRrirs 


rte  p/ty' 


the  bur ai  n g    .f  N  •  "ft  -^ k    •  i  e  t» v  •  1 1:  f )C>ni \'] o u i  a  d 


conliucrable  rowi»  t  )f  c u 


rii' 


.j.,,^. 


>f  .'ui 


y  in  Vi 


inia.      It  dofitaiiiecl  jboir    6000  inhabitant: 
*»L d  fnan^'  irt  affluent' circumiFn^ct^^.  l\*ie  whole 


iofs  was  f'ftirnated  jf  1H■l^e  iHan  three  Lnndrcd 


thoufkiJcl    pounds    fterlifi^.      However    \\r-^>:'\ 


th^  nece ill ty,  jt  wav  an  odioVis  Hprht  Td  lee  ihc 
U<nerwor,  Lc'd  DitnT.ore.  a  orincip?]  ^Ctorio 
bur) lino:  'Hid  dertro.iiVt'    the  b  It   tovvji  in  the! 


s  con 


iJODies  ml 
ardou  to 

hen  in  re| 
R'rcv.   " 
iih  all  ihl 

f  Hefiians 


[ir  jSli)rth 


oveni'ineni. 


Tii«    horrid    d  din  lies  IjiTinrntl 


«ii 


UfKin  numbers   of  innocent    perions,  bv   \\\ 
©perdcioiis    murii  wtnirid  the  f^ehngs  of  all  a  ho] 
are  nor  hiriiened  by  \\  party  fpirir^^:^  , 

Vv  htle  mut^'rs  svere  ihn^  tr^^tfa(^in<i  in  A-i 


ti}( 


ill 


t  I1 


mencj,  tlic  imiilirv  at  litir/)e  g.«v^  mto  gi 
cxpe'iicrs.   to  lupply    rli<:'  ar  n     at  Bol\ 


Cnt 


Oil    Wl 


frcih  i^roviliop    ,«v;  1  other  articles.     Sir  Peter 


p  k 


."!•  an 


I    £ 


<»■« 


^\.-' ' 


>rnvi  a'd^» 


^Vt' 


iih  the  A(^ieon 


a?»j     rUuude-  b-^uib.   failed  from  Portrnu)Oth| 
for  Cork,  to  convov  tht  troo' s  ?nd  traniporfsl'** 
there  to  Ain^r^ca  ;  hnr.  owing  to  (cnif  ciel^yo, 
t\vz  fleet  f^ii  w   t  iailb  fore  ib:   T7th  of  P'thru- 
^Y'3'      It   conrdled  of  forty  three   lai),   atid  a. 


fe 


'^Ul 


^5^0  troops. 


r. 


a« 


Oi  the  r4t-  of  M.r.-rh,  a  frefn  'J^tre^rrfpt    v. 
iT)    le  I'm  rhe  houfe  of  h»rds  n    r>r'-vent  a  conti!i- 
1^  IK^?  of  ho{t>lifies,  n  hi<  h  fof/r  Ibti'Ddtd 


iO 


>\ 


*i\ 


f''li0 


1'lCr 


U;{t 


ers  narenf,  bv  l.'s  m^jc 


orders,  o  Jed  ii-i  l^r  Mv.  «''*"at  "" 


] 


confc 


III       ^♦^^'i^g  l«rd  iiowe  and  gen.  Howe,  io  be  his  nj 


■lO'i,  and  . 
liJt  quar'.( 
The  hlo 
ic  fears  o: 
[d  no  nior 
ere  v/tre 
I  the  city 
le  he  liege 
ij  a  III 
nabletl  thi 
>:  ariiiy  v 
ox  that  bi" 
I'owardi 

ived  froi 

Canada 
en.     'Ihi 

beat  IV 
ec  and  M- 
iu  plan  k 

tpiivj.ol 
uht^thi 
tile  bef^r 
nvnia!)d'.^( 
l^adiariy^ 


jcuy 


'.iiia* 


V 


n- 


:^ 


4 


7* 


s>.>-- 


i/ty's  comoiillioncrs  for  i  tiloring  peace  to  the 
ijonies  in  North  AinericcT,  and   it;r.  grantiiig. 
lardon  to  Idch  i/f  his  n],ijtily*s  i'libjcdls   thrx  e, 
ihenin  rebellion,  as  Ihcujd  (icicrve   thci  ro)  J 
ercv.   1  he  lame  mo4irh  CrnintK^ore  Ho|:hwin, 
iih  all  the  traiifports,  having  the  hrll  diviiicn 
if  Hefiians  on  board,   failed  fro n)    S.t^    Helen  $-^ 
ir  jSiorth  America.     But  let  us  return  to,  Ca-  , 
\d'i,  and  attend  to  what  was  going  forward  ia 
[:.it  quarter.  ^  ^   -,-^..-^.  ,;..^.. 

The  b]ocPwi»de  of  Onebec  wascontin\iV,d  :  but!" 
be  fears  of  the  Apjericans  were  great,  as  thty 
aduo  move  than  400  men  to  do  duty,    whiles,- 
here  v/tre  upwvirdb  of  three  times  the  number 
|i  the  city  ;  they  wtre  m  daily  e?<pedation  ih.U, 
e  belieged  would  hdjy  out  upon   tiiem*     At 
ngtii  a  imall   reiiiFurcemLnt    arrived,    which 
pdbled  them  to  take  a  htth   more  reil,  thou^4i 
vz  army  was  ae^in  foon  reduced  by  ihe  imail 
lox  that  liroke  out  among  them. 
I'ow'irJs  the  end  of  May,  fcvtral  reghnrnts 
ived  from  England,   and  the   Britifh  f<  ices 
Canada   were    citimated   at   about    13,000 
;n.      The  general  rendezvous  was  c^ppohned 
beat  1  hree  Rivers,  hulf  way  br  t  ,vcen  ^jie* 
|ec  and  iVloj^treal.   The  Americans  uow  fovm- 
U  plari  io  ihrpriie  the  BritiH.'  troops,  ai  d  lor 
-tpuvjoie  marched  under  cover  ofihe  night, 
luht'Sfhof  lune,  in  order  to  atryck  them'  a 
tlebefxjre  day  break*     Cen.  'i  hompfor  .  who 
maiand'.d  in  this  ^:);peduion,  hnd  procured  ii 
wdianjjjuide,  who  was  either  ignoiant  ur 

,.  uiiUiihfuU 


lit' 


.  .(i 


ir. 


I 


<  '  i 


'.  S  J  ■! 


Vw 


^•<,Mi] 


rf^;  »■.  y; 


'■^.. 


W^  History  0/  ' 


unfaithfid  ;  for,  a  little  before  fun  rile,  lie 
found  his  forces  were  out  of  the  proper  ruad. 
They  returned^  but  lofing  their  wsy  by  the 
fide  of  the  river,  they  were  foon  in  view  of 
fonie  of  the  enemy 'sb^ats,  between  which  and 
the  fianking  party  fever^I  balls  were  exchang- 
ed. Thry  then  quickened  their  psce,  and  coii- 
ttnn.ed  advancing  in  fight  of  the  ibipping,  .v/ith 
ih'urns  be ning  and  fifes  playing,  as  they  knew 
they  were  diicovered.  The  general,  judging 
there  was  no  poilibility  of  palling  ihr:  ti.ip:, 
without  being  expofcd  to  all  th^iir  hre,  and  yet 
determining  to  perfilb  in  the  expedition,  fihil 
off  11  a  light  angle  from  the  river.  He  meant 
to  take  a  circuitous  route,  and  enter  the  town 


on  lilt  back  Mc.  A  bad  morafs  iiitt.rpoied,  t 


:nt; 


ilinoif 


troops  enr,:»red  it,    and    the  men  were    a 
jh  red.     About  nine   o'clock,   they   came   to  a 
cleared  fput,  fornied,  and  L^ot  iiito  feme  order 
about   ten. 


15" 
J  h.ev  advanced,  but    before  the 


tt 


■10 


IT 


ot    o 


ii  cl 
d  a  h 


li 


)i 


ace  ( 


.f  f 


ornjution,   the 


re 

i'roiit  received  a  heavy  fire  from  the  enen:y, 
v.'lrix'h  itrucktherri  with  terror.  Tlie  fire  '^^<\i 
2:  itjinjy  repeated,  an. 1  rhouf^h  the  balls  flew  o- 
ver  the  heads  of  the  troops,  wirhont  ooargany 
i/jireriftl  execnrion,  ihcy  c-ave  way,  iiid  cro' 


.d. 


K ;  m  On',   n  t  m u i l    c o : n  n 


1 


ifuiju    wl'ikb  Iclt 
!»d 


•d    bcl. 

theiiii  a'ithrtut  a  header,  fo  thnrevtry  one  d*d  js 
he  plcciied.  Thev  tnred  their  facc^  up  ibcri-^ 
vei*  -'.lid  liadcnt'd  ihrour-i  the  fwamu  a.",  f  it  as 
poifukN  Aoout  eleven  ti\?*v  I^egau  to'\*^  iit^^^» 
and  ib()]i  learned  froiu  ch-i  Ciu  idiaris,  that  the 


.  *^v 


lU 


\f 


,^:>  'y  |{; 


'•■i: 


••«■• 


«!<■% 


r-\' 


73 


U\)pmy  had  IVnt  a  detachment,  with  fevcr-al 
llield-piect"^^  by  laucl,  to  cut  off  their  retreat,  and 
|a  j)ariy  by  water  to  leize  their  boats.  About 
Ifour  they  were  toiJ,  that  the  enemy  had  fecu- 
[red  the  bridges  before  them,  which  it  was  fup- 
pofed  they  mull  pais.  They  were  dKo  convinced 
iliat  li  large  body  were  ciofely  in  their  rear* 
Col.  Maxwel)  ordered  all  Vv'ho  had  collected 
lorether  to  hnlt,  called  the  officers  to  him,  and 
laid,  **\Vhat  ihall  we  do  I  Shall  we  fight  thofe 
'ii)  tlie  froiu  or  in  the  rear  ?  Shall  we  tanjely 
li'iiijiTiit  ?  or  ihall  we  turn  off  into  the  woods, 
and  each  njan  ihift  for  himfelf  ?*'  The  laft  pro- 
'jwfal  was  preferred,  but  the  enemy  was  fo. 
near,  that  the  rear  of  the  Americans  was  ex- 
pofed  to  another  tremendous  fire,  wliile  going 
down  the  hi!l  into  the  woods,  but  the  balls  iiew 
over  them  without  injiiripg  any.  The  perfon, 
who  was  entriifted  with  tiie  care  of  the  boats, 
h;id  removed  them  in  ticte  to  a  fccnre  place  ; 
fo  that  the  lofo  of  the  Americans,  whxh  muft 
otherwiffc  have  been  much  greater,  amounted 
only  10  about  200  priioners. 

The  troops  that  efcaped  began  to  collect 
^boiit  ten  the  next  day^  and  by  noon  Vvere 
coMfiJcralily  numerous.  They  got  -along  by 
ti^^jrees,  and  by  fun  fct  the  day  following  ai*- 
ri'd  oppofite  Sorel.  Gen.  rhompfon  and 
Cuh  IrwHi,  the  fecond  in  command,  with  f  me 
o'ner  oiHcers  were  taken.  The  killed  and 
wcandcd  of  the  kiti^^'s  troop,*'  were  trifl'Ug* 

I'he  kiiJg's  forces  having  jollied  at  Th 


li 


jree 
Rivers^ 


;•* 


w 

\ 

\ 

\ 

1 

1 

• 

> 

■1. 

1 

f'M^. 


h 


\ 


i  i 


■  V 


5     (!'•  ■ 

11 


l.ii 


ii:1' 


Kb 


■'1 


74 


Wd"  History  b/' 


'.^.?" 


Rivers,  proceeded  by  land  and  water  to  Sore! 
oil'  whicii  the  fiet:t  arrived  in  the  tvcn'uuj,  a  t>, 
hours  afier  the  rear  'jf  the  Americanii  had  lefj 
it.     A  coiiUder-ible  body   was  landed »   and  t!i 
/.        command  oT  ihc  column  irivcn  to  Gen.  Bar- 

.poyne,  witii  inHrnt^tions  to  purine  ihe  condj 
li^'iral  aripy  up  the  river  to  St.  John's,  bu( 

; OA'iihoui:  h.''z.ar'ji!ig  any  thing  till  anotlier  col 
luinn  Oil  iiJS  right  ihould  be  s.hJe  to  lo  opera  [el 

•  with  him.  Sir  Guy  Carletoii's  extrdordioaryl 
pre^aiirion  fo  put  nothni[T  to  hazard,  when  iio( 
^biblutely  neceiniry,  gave    the  ArjK^rjcans  thel 

:  ppporruiiity  of  eiai^ping.     Had  Burgoyne  ht:en| 
iiiiliuded  to  prefs  on  with  the  utnioil:  expedi- 
tion, g»"eat    nuinbers  of   the  provincials  ni'if}] 
hive  been  made  pri loners,  and  but  Jew  wo.ijij 
have  creffe  i   Lake  Ciiriiiiplain.     Thui>  eiitJedi 
the  expetlition  a^aiail  Cucbec. 

T©  re  turn  to  Uolton.  I'he  Britifl.  cornmoJ 
dore  Banks,  omitting  to  leave  crnifers  in  thel 
bay,  aifcTcled  an  opporiuniiy  to  tl?e  AiDe-| 
rican  privateers  of  taking  .i  number  of  Highlan' 
ders.  Three  days  afer  his  (^uitring  it.  ihel 
George   and     Annabella    tri'.nfporta    cvirfjvdl 

«  after  a  paflj'.ge  of  icv^n  weeks  fro.n  Sc*'«]artdJ 
during  the  courle  of  which  they  hnil   na  snj 

'  opportunity  of  fpeaking  wi<:h  ci  fiugle  vtlTclJ 
that'tN.>uid  givr  them  the  final 'eft  inforninrioiil 
of  the  i^ritilh  iroopr,  having  ev«''cuited  Boilon* 
They  were  attack  d  in  theniornin?)  bv  fonrpri* 
vatecrs,  with  who'n  thev  eii'Tao-ed  till  thceveii' 

lag,  vrh en  the  privateers  bore  uwayy  ancl  th« 

tranfpoits, 


Jt^ 


North  America. 


I  * 


75 


to  SorcW^'''"^^^^^''^'  pufijeil   for      Boilon    harbor,     not 
Idoiibtiii;/  l,>ct  they  iluiiild  there  receive  prorec- 
tioii,  eiiher  from  a  fort  or  fhJ-p  of  force  Itation- 
f(i  ibr  the  fee uriry    of    Britiih    veflelrs.      I'hry' 
teoodr*.')  f«)r  Naiitaiket  road,  when  an   Ameri-  . 
can  bnrery  opcj^ed  upon  them  which    was  the 
JfifjR  jLi  ious  proof  they  had  c>f  the    iituaiion    of 
j^f'irs  at  the  port  tp  which  they  were  JciTnied. 
o  opcra'ef^'^y  were  too  far  eixibayed  to  rt^trcat,    as  the- 


^.ij  had  lefi 
and  till 
rcn.  Bur  A 
iie  conci, 
''hii's,  bu 
other  CO 


-lordiuary 
when  Mj 
''icans  thej 
)yne  hcen 
il  expcJi 

^Is    rr..if{ 


rvinci  had  died  away,  and  the  tide  was  halt  ex- 
jpcmled.  The  privateers,  with  \^  hi;  h  they  had 
Iker!  en  r;rtQ;ed,  joined  by  two  or  hers,  w-i^f^  to- 
[wnrn's  theiif.  I'hey  j^repared  for  rt^tion  ;  but, 
[by  lorne  inisforrune,  the  A^n^dle3]a  got  a 
ground  fo  far  aftern  of  the  Georoe,  that  the 
Litter  cy-.pedcd  bnr  a  f  eble  fupport  from  her 
Us"  eiiJcdB'''^-^'V^^^*^y*  About  eleven  at  night  the  pTi- 
vateors  anchored  clofe  by,  'ind  hailvd  them  to 
fo-iln  th.'  Briiifli  fhg.  Th*e  mate  of  tlie  George, 
wd  i'ivf-ry  Tailor  onboard,  the  captain  except- 
ed, refufd  to  liaht  any  longer  ;  but  the  ojii- 
cf's  vw]  privates  of  the  feventy  firft  rf^^g:iTpet)t 
flood  to  uheir  quarters  till  ^.11  tbeir  amni>it'on 
was  expended,  whrn  they  were  forced  toyieJd. 
They  had  eip-hc  privates  and  a  mojor  killed, 
bcfidcs  feventeen  wouuded.  The  tiunaber  of 
Higlilafiders  taken  ^vere  267  pr\v^te5p  48  ofSI« 
cers, besides  Lienr.  Co).  Cavnpbell.  ,^,, 

On  the  2^ih  of  June,  Gen.  Howe  a H*i vet!  at 

X)dy  Hc>ok  in  the    Greyhound  fr'g*atc»     He 

cf^r  received  i'i'on\  Gov.   Tryoii  ?  foil  account 

cf  t;heiUie  and  difpofitioa  of  the  .province,  as 


h  corn  mo 
rs  in  the 
he  Ame- 

Hichlan. 
;  it.  ihe 
ciitere 
^c»'Mand, 
I  no:  sn 
le  vf lit  1,1 
ornia?ion 

foiir  prl 
ho  evcii' 
^id  th 
an  [pot  I J 


■:i 


iiii, 


m, 


!ll 


I    ^h  .''$1 


^I.J 


.-1      ;    'li.  tijii 


■m0^    ^ 


m.  ;i 


I 


::l  I  HI 


■■'i<P 


7« 


The  History  '^/^ 


well  as  of  the  nrength  of  th«:  Americans.  Gen. 
Walhington's  army  was  lin^iJ  ,  rather  heJow 
9000  fit  tor  duty.  Of  this  little  army,  \  t  was 
Ijjd,  at, lead  2000  were  wholly  deiiitute  of 
arms,  and  nearly  as  many  with  arms  in  fudi 
condi.ion  as  to  be  rather  calculated  to  difcoii. 
r^ige  than  annimace  the  ufur.  On  the  ad  of 
JiiU',  General  Howe's  troops  took  poffeilion  of 
kitatten  Hland. 

On  the  lit  of  July,  congrefs  refolved  itfelf 
into  a  committee  of  the  whole  upon  the  fubjed 
of  ind.pt ndenct ;  but  neither  colonies  nor  mcir- 
Ixrs  I'f ing  ufianimous,  it  was  poftponed  till  the 
next  day.  On  the  fourth,  rhey  had  it  under 
further  confideration,  M'hen  the  declaration  of 
iiuiept'ndence  was  agreed  to  and  adopted*  The 
title  of  It  w^as, 

>^  declaration  hy  the  R^prefertfatives  of  the  l}» 
ftittd  ^taids  of  y^mertca  In    Cangrefs    a/fem* 


tc 


The  preamble  follows  in  thefe  words.— 
When,  in  the  conrfe  of  hum^n  events,  itbc- 
GoaiCf  ;iC:c:P/jry  fo'  v\\^  people  to  dilfulve  the 
j  oliticai  bauds,  which  have  conneded  them 
^A  ith  ;niothrr,  and  to  ailunie,  ain(  ng  thi'i  pow. 
ers  of  ihe  e:rrli,  the  lep^^rate  ano  equal  fbtion, 
to  ^vliicb  the  hivvbof  iiature  and  of  iiature's 
God  eiitiile  then>,  a  decent  refpeclro  ihe opin- 
ions of  maiiki r.d  require  that  rhey  iliould  de* 
cjare  the  caufes  that  impel  them  to  the  fepara* 
tiun.  **  V/c 


;\, 


North  America. 


'./; 


17 


<'  Wc  hoUl  theff?  truths  to  be   felf-eviJc  r,t,      . 
thiitnll   men  are  created  equal — ihat  thty  :^rc' 
eiulow^d  by  their  Creator  with  certain  urjali-  ,  ,. 
einibJe  rights,    among    which  are  hfe,  hberty 
and  the   puriuicuf  bappineis — that  to  fecure 
thtl'e  rights,  governments  are  inftitnted  among' 
Imcn,  deriving  th*!ir  jaft  powers  from  the  con-  - 
Ifent  of  the  governed — that  whenever  any  form  -  ' 
>f  government  becomes  deftru(^live    of    thefe ' 


enJs,  ic  is  the  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  a. 

.bolilli  ic,  and  to    inilitute  a   new  government, 
1,'iying  its  foundations  upon  futh  principles,  and; 
organizing  its  powers  in  Ibch  form,  as  to  them/ 
fnail  feeni  moii  likely  to  elFed  their  fafety  and* 

|hippinefs.  Prudenc^^  inded,  will  diftate^  that 
governments  loijg  fftabliihed,  fliould  not  be 
changed  for  light  and  traniient  tanfes;  and 
accordingly  all  experience  hath  Ihown,  that 
mankind  are  more  difpoled  to  fufFer,  v^hile 
evils  are  fuiFerable,  than  lO  right  themfelves 
by  aboblhing  the  forms  to  which  they  are  iic. 
ciiitomed.     But    when  a  long   train  of  abufes 

[and  ufurpations,  purfuing  invariably   the  fame ► 

|cbjc?CL,  evinces  a  de'fign  to  reduce  them  nnder 
abt(>kKe  dcfpotifm,  it  is  their  right,  it  is  their 
duty,  to  throw  oft  fuch  government,  and  to 
provide  new  guards  for  their  future  fecurity. 
Such  has  been  the  patient  fufferance  of  thele 
colonies,  and  fuch  is  now  the  neceflity  that  con- 

|ftrains    them    to  alter  their  former  fyftems  of 
government." 
The  decU ration  proceecjs  to  give  a  hiftory 

H  ^       ,  of 


-  ^-  I 


.  ,  r\ 


■:1k, 


0' 


.!i 


V 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


/> 


1.0 

^1^  Ui 

-   rr  135  

^^     »  "■   lii 

I.I 

-  Ij4    — 

1  '-^  !'•* 

|,.25 

til 


Va 


^^^J' 


> 


7 


V 


/^ 


PhotDgraphic 

Sciences 
Corooration 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRilT 

WnSTM.N.Y.  MSiO 

(716)173-4303 


'^ 


fc 


^»*,,         y. 


/•■■-..     4. 


-i. 


.'-.    'I     }■ 


ik 


■   ',!• 


•>  ' 


North  Amicrjca; 


,.;^' 


i^r. 


7t 


ftf  repeated  injuries  and  nfurpations,  all  bnving  | 
in  direcl  i)bjc  <lt  the  eltablUhnient  ot*  an  abloliitc  I 
tyr.  niiy  o*  tfr  thofe  itatei* 

On  tht*  8th  of  jiily,  a:  twelve  cMork  ihe 
«fevl.irrtiion  J)t  indepfiKiente  was  pi'ocidrjnfd  nt 
ihe  ft.'e-iuKile  in  i-iiil:i(.jelj^hi,'<,  amiciil  tlic 
fi  tatclt  accl.unatioijs*  T  he  next  day,  in  con- 
i*."q  ierce  of  general  ordcrb,  it  was  read  at  rhe 
h^tO  if  Cuch  brigade  if  rhe  continenialprn^V 
at  Ncvv'-Voik,  and  every  where  received  wiili 
loud  hiizZdS,  and  the  ir  iMtu'l  deniunllrationsof 
l,iyy*  The  [mue  cverii!)g,  theequt  flnan  fl^tute 
of  the  ki!  g  was  laid  proftr-ite  on  the  grouijd, 
fen-i  ihe  lead  rf  whi 'hit*  was  made  wasdoomed 
to  he  rin;  jnto  i>ul!crs. 

^,  0:i  tlie  14th  of  Auguft  I^ird  Diinmore  quit* 
led  Virginia,  ai)d  joine'l  tlic  13:  itilh  force s.--:- 
He  arrived  wiih  Lord  Canvphcll  ar.d  Sir  Perer 
l^tiker  off  Staten  IHdnd.  Mis  lurdlliip  c<'ntii  u- 
<&d  on  the  co.iiis,  and  in  the  rivers  of  Virginia 
till  the  clolenels  and  filth  of  the  fmall  veilcls, 
in  which  the  fugitives  were  crowded,  topcther 
V'ith  the  heat  of  the  weather,  the  bidneis  cmuI 
fjcartity  of  water  and  provifions,  prodiued  a 
peUile?ni;il  fever,  which  made  great  liavocls, 
cfpecially  among  the  negroes,  nuny  <.»f  whom 
ivereiwept  a^^av.  When  at  lenn;th  every  plac« 
w^s  flnit  ^gaij  It  him,  and  neither  water  noi* 
provifions  v^*fcre  robe  obtained,  but  at  the  cx» 
pence  of  blood,  it  ^^  a  found  nectflary  to  hnrn 
feveralof  the  Imalkr  and  leatl  valuable  vtfftU 
fi)  prevent  their  falling  auo  the  feands  of  the 

AmericaiiJ, 


J    L 


North  AMr/ticA. 


n^ 


all  bn 
n  ablolutc 

dork  the 
:lci?lnfd  ru 
^jiciil  tlic 
y,  in  con- 
-Td  St  rhe 

Ivt'd  Willi 
rations  of 
an  flnrute 
^  grouiid, 
IS  .doomed 

lore  ouiu 
forces.-^ 
Sir-  Pfcirer 
c<'iirij  u- 
Virginia 
1  veilcls, 
topee her 

lufcis  iMld 

odnceJ  a 

iif  v  horn 
ery  platfl 
Iter  rot* 
thr  cx» 
to  })nvn 
le  veftji 
Is  of  'the 
jifrickii^, 


Antericnns,  and   to  fend  the  rem,nindcr,  with 
the  exiled  friends  of  goveniTKeut,  ro  Icck  Ihtl- 
ttT  in  Florida,  Benuudas,  ai.d  the  VVeft-lnd»f  it* 
Lord  Howe  yirived  off  Plalifax   tov^ards  the  ' 
end  of  Jnne,  and    from  thcnre   pi ck ceded  to 
Nevv*Y(  rk,  and  reaihed  Staten-Ifluid  hv   the 
l2ih  01  July.     P  roin  then-e  he  (ear  on  /Iiore  iiy 
a  tiug  tv  Amboy,   a   circular  lettc^r,    tojrethei* 
with  1  decUration  to  fevtralof  ihc  late  eo^'e*'-' 
nors  of  the  colonttis,  acqua'intirg  thcmAvith  his 
\n)^KCTh,  and  dtiirii:;;  them  to  pnbHih  t^ie  Iranc 
ys  ;rfnerally  as  puliibie,  for  the  inforrrration  of 
the  people.     But  it  was  now  too  late  to  brinjr 
them  b"  k  to  the  obedience  cf  tlie  mother  coun- 
try, fi'icc  the  detliration  of  independeijic  had 
been  every  v.here  folcMnnly  read. 
-  \n  rhe  Pionih  of  Augurt,  Gen.  Ho^»  e  linding 
iiimleh  fufficieptly  Ibong  to  attempt  fotncthing 
iffoiv'ec  ort  tnokinp- a  df^Hcc^".^  on  Lon<j-inan(i- 
1  he    nectfl'arv    n)c;.rurts   bcipo"    taken  l.»y   th« 
neer  for  coVering  '.he    dtifccnt,    tlic  army   was 
Imded,  without  oppv'fitiorj.  hetucen  tv/ofniall 
town?,  Ucreuhcand    Gravefend,  not  [w  fror/i 
the  Marrows,  on  the  neareit  fnore  o*  Statcn- 
Iflind. 

On  thisiuand  arc  fcverjl  pafTcj  through  th^ 
mountkins  or  hdls,  which  are  CrtfJy  d.^iefilibi^ 
being  rf»ry  narrow,  and  the  latidA  hij.^h*^n4 
muynf.Mos  on  each  (idc  Thcfe  wfre  tht?  <» ''■J?^. 
roads  ^hat  could  be  pafTed  from  the  fouiK  Ircie 
of  the  kihs  to  the  American  lines,  except  a  Dnd 
liiaaing  round  the  eaflcrly  end  of  the  hUl^    »' 


^' 


s 


1-..  ■■'» 


ji?        ifig  the  Americans  in 


■-'  { 


8q  t 


V    \ 


The  History  of 


Jamaica.  An  early  atteanon  had  been ^iveix 
to  t!ie  impo^raiice  of  thcie  pali-.  lo  tii.;  fe, 
cone!  of  them,  ih  finall  A:i:crx^n  parties, 
patroHngon  the  coaih,  retired  upon  uhe  ap- 
proach of  the  Britiiii  boats  with  lii  •  irtK>ps — 
I:^ord  Corn  »val  lis  puihed  on  inun«.  li  itt  iy  with 


the  relerve  ami  iome  other   fore 


\-  >• 


but  find- 


pofi'i'l]] 


ioii  ot  the  \><i\^>,  u\ 


:oaipiianc€  with  orders  he  r:ikvd  no.ntuck. 

p  The  Americans  had  on  Cricn  of  ihe  three 
pafTes  or  roads  a  guard  of  8'jo  men;  and  to  the 
ealt  of  then)  in  the  wood,  Col.  MilcS  was  placed 
with  his  battalion  to  guard  i\it  road  froni  die 
fouih  of  the  hil  s  to  Jamaica,  and  u>  >vatca 
the  morion  of  the  enemy  on  that  fiJe,  widi  or- 
ders to  keep  a  parry  con{t.»ntly  reconnoitring  to 
and  acrofs  the  Jamaica  road.  The  fc^ntinels 
uere  *o  placed  as  to  keep  a  continual  cofn'Mii- 
nication  between  the  three guardson  the  liirte 
roads« 

On  the  26th  of  Angnft,  Gen.  Howr,  having 
fully  fettled  a  plan  of  iurprize,  Ge\^.  de  ileif- 
ter,  with  his  Helhans,  took  poll  ai  Flatbufn  in 
th^  Evening,  Sc  compofed  the  centr?.  About  ij 
o'clock  the  fan^e  night,  the  principal  army  con- 
taininir  much  the  greater  part  of  the  Briiilh  for- 
ces  under  the  commands  of  Gen.  Clintorj,  Earl 
Percy,  &  Lord  Cornwallis,  marched  in  order  to 
g;iin  the  road  le.uiing  ronnd  the  ealterly  end  of 
the  hills  to  Jym  uca»  and  fo  turn  k\u*  left  of  the 
Americans.  Cob  Miles  wholt*  duty  it  W4,s  to 
guard  this  road,  fufFered  tlie  liricilh  to   march 

not 


North  America^ 


ti 


not  Icfs  than  fix  miles,  till  they  were  near  two 
miles  in  the  rear  6f  the  giiaris,  before  he  tUf- 
cuvered  ^nd  gave  notice  of  their  approach. 

The  next  day,  bttore  day. break,  Gen.  CIj«* 
ton  arrived  within  Haifa  mil*.*  of  the  road, whtn 
he  halted,  and  fettled  hisdifpofition  for  the  at* 
tack.  One  of  his  patroles  fell  in  with  a  patii>^t 
of  Americ  irt  officers  on  horfeback  who  were 
trepanned  and  made  prii«>ners.  Gen.  Sullivan, 
though  in  expectation  that  they  would  bring 
hini  intelligence^  negleded  fending  out  a  frelh 
patrol  on  finding  liiinfelf  difappointed.  Clin- 
ton, learning  from  the  captured  cilkers,  that 
the  Americans  hsd  not  occupied  the  road,  de- 
tached a  battalion  of  I'ght  infantry  to  fecurt; 
it,  and  advancing  with  his  tronps  upon  the 
lirft  appearance  of  day,  pofTcffcd  himfelf  of  the 
heights  that  connnanded  the  road. 

About  n.idnight,  the  guard,  confifting  all  of 
Mew- Yorkers  and   Pennlyhanians,  perceiving 
thnt  there  was    danger  at  hand,  iled  witho-K 
firing  a  gun,  a«d  carried  to  Gen.  Parfons,   v^ho 
commanded  them,  the  account  of  the  enemy's 
advancing    in  great  rHimbeis  by  that  road.-— 
Gen.  Grant's    movements  were  to  divert  the 
attenrion  of  the  Americans  frt>m  the  lefr^wherc 
the  main  attack  was  to  be  made  by  Gen.  »wlin-- 
ti)n.     By  day-light,    Gen.  Parfons   p»!rteivcd, 
thi.t  thei  British  were   goi   through  the  wood, 
3m|   were  defcendinir  on  the   nonh  Tnle.     He 
took  twenty  of  hi*  fugitive  guanf,  bcinfT  ^^^  ^'<* 
cuuldcolleft,  and  poited  them  on  ^  height  ni 

iiOJit; 


ilM 


m 


,>    s 


M! 


i 


'.:  I 


Itii 


tz 


y^^  HlSTOHY    of 


front  of  /he  Britiih,  about  half  i  rni!edifl:.^nt, 
v/hicli  haired  iheir  coluitin,  \\d  «iive  time  for 
Lord  Stirling  to  come  ufi  >vi.ii  jms  fortes,  a- 
tnoun'ing  to  about  i  500,  .>  :n>  ^joiV. 'tl-ci  iiiaiftir 
of  a  hill  about  z^k'o  !)rles  fi  j^'Ti  r-ie  tamp. 

Tli^:  entxigcment  begin  J  -^mi  .;,ritfr tlaybrrak, 
by  ttie  Heiilans  frojn   FhuDuOj  oncler  Jjen*:riil 
Heilter,  ami  by  Gen.  Gra?it  i'm  .rie  coad  ;  And 
a  warn)  cannonade,   with   a  br;ik  tire  ot  fjp.all 
arms,  were  eagerly  Inpfxirted  or  both  lidfi  for 
fotne   conij'jcrahle  ti'nt..       I'he  A»ijeric  :n:.  op. 
poling  Gi'ii.  Heiiter    s-v^'-r*    Hie  ii-il  aIk;  vere 
apprised  .')fthe  march  of  fJje  ijru'.iii  a'ot^V'-  '•''- 
der  Gen.  Clinton.      They  KXMrdin^^ly  rt O'cat- 
ed  in  large  bodies,  and  i"*  toU^raSle  ord  .r;  to 
recover  their  camp;  but  tiu'v  ^vere  loo':  i.uer- 
rupted  by  the  right  wing  u:ul.:r  Gen.  Chiiton^ 
who,  having  baited  and  re»ie;5!ctlh:.%  f:>rct;i>  af- 
ter pairing  the  height:>,   to!Vi:  '.nevl  his  inarch, 
and  getting  into  thv  rear.i^f  the  left  of  the  A- 
inericans,  about  half  pait  eigliVAVu-  ik.  atcackrd 
thcTT)  with  his  light  infnitry  au;]  f!>^;U  d.  agooi3s, 
while  qnittinp-  the  heiehts    \)  ri".urn  10  iheir 
lints*     They  were  driv/en  bw>k    nid  agani  met 
the  Hefliiins,  and  thus  wer*   thcv   alternutely 
chaced  and  inter' eo»ed.      I.)    t«Kl£   defperaie 
circiimiUnces,  iome  ,of  rh'"it  rtirimt^nts,  over- 
po^vfred  and  out  numbered  astnev  vyei^t,  ^OK- 
ced  their  wny  to  he  coups  ^hr  nje'i  all  tliedan* 
gerr*  with  which  tiiev  wer*.'  prtrfed-' 

The  Americans 'under   Fjord  I^virlmo:,  who 
wers  ei>gagcd  with  Gea.  Gi-uut,  behaved  w'^.h 

great 


l"-^     I, 


:.''^.;. 


North  AMER^tCA. 


S3 


•rrest  brav<?rr  and  refolution  ;  bnt  were  fo  bte 
in  tht'ir  knowledge  of  whit  palled  elfev  here, 
tfnr  their  retreat  was  intercepted  by  I'ume  of 
the  BiitiHi  troops,  who,  beiidc^s  turning  the 
Lillb  and  the  American  left,  had  travei  fed  the 
\^l!'jle  extent  of  (.ouiitry  in  their  rear.  Seve- 
ral hioke  through  the  enemy's  lines  and  got 
ii)to  th6  woods.  Gen.  Farfons,  with  a  fniail 
pariy^  efcaped  by  doing  the  fame  ;  numbers 
tlnew  tiiemielves  in  the  marfh  at  Gorvan'ti 
(ove,  i'omt  were  drowned,  and  others  perifh- 
cd  in  the  mud.  Ilovrevera  coiofiderable  body 
eicapt  d  to  the  lines.  The  nature  of  the  coun- 
try, and  the  variety  of  the  groi:nd,  occalioncd  a 
tontinuance  and  exienfion  of  fn  all  engage- 
nifnts,  I  urfuit?  and  (laughter,  which  Jalted  lor 
many  hours  before  the  fcene  clolrd. 

The  Britiih  troops  difj^layed  great  valoiil* 
and  activity  on  this  occafion.  So  impetuc^us 
v.'us  their  ar  lor,  that  it  was  wirh  diinculty  they 
could  be  re  drained,  by  Gen.  Howe's  orders, 
from  aitarkipg  the  American  lines.  They 
would  probal)ly  have  ewtered  them,  had  not 
the  works  beej)  completed  the  nioht  before  .the 
adion,by  chfmg  an  opening  on  the  rifiht,  aiid 
pl.'cing  an  abatttis  bcf^^re  it*  The  An'tricans 
were  mod  compleielv  furj)rJfed  and  eifeclually 
eftrrippetJ.  Col.  Smallwood's  Marvlaiul  regi- 
ment iuFer^jd  extremely,  and  \»  as  ahiu)ll  cui  to 
pifies^  lofing  2'5Q  n>ei>  '1  he  lofs  Vas  niuh 
itgretted,  on  account  of  their  being  young  U'cn- 
of  the  belt  fcunilies  in  the  country.     AD  ^  bo 

;  were 


h'i 


i     ■     "  M 


m: 


f,.  ' 


•^u 


H 


The  History,  af 


were  cnQ;ag€d  in  the  actions  of  this  day  did  not 
diTplay  the  lame  courage  ;  nor  was  it  to  be  ex- 
pccltd  fro.n  iuch  raw  troops.  Many  eltapeti 
from  the  want  of  difcipline  ;  for  they  broke  at 
thf  fight  of  dang  r  and  inved  the-nfelvcs  by 
lii|Tht,  whert:as  oihc-rwife  they  mull  have  been 
killed  or  taken.  Large  bodies  howe^ver  \v«  i« 
captured.  Geru  Sullivan,  Lord  Stirling,  aiid 
Gen,  Udell,  beiides  three  colonels,  four  iieu- 
teiKint  cob)ncis,  tiiree    majors,  j8  captains,  4-j 


1 

z 


leu 


:enaurs,  1 1  enifgns,  an  adjutant^  tlnee  i\ii 
zon?,.  and  two  volnntetrs,   were  nutle  priii 


t-r^,  togech-er  wi  h  1006  privates,  in  all  io( 


A: 


saiuo.iiT  iiiC  pruoners  ine  woiiiK 


1) 


dcd 


were  i 


eluded,  nn  allowance  of  between  lour  and  li 
hundred  for  killed,  drowned,  periihed  in  t 
woods,  ihe  mud,  and  the  like,  may  be  reckon 
about  the  mark  ;   the  lofs  of  tb.e  Britifh  in  ic 
led  and  \vounued>  did  not  c:\ce^d  3 1  8,  c*f  \vh( 
onlv  61    were    klMrd.     Afti-r  the   battle,  rl 
Americans  rcireartid  to  New-York,  to  wlii 
place  they  trolled   over  under  ^be  favour  of 
ftnr-  takhiii  with  them  all  tlicir  miliary  /lor 
aBtMeavi*!^  norirn^  behind    rhen*  but  a  ts 
piccei  of  cannon  «au  louie  trifling  matters. 


Memorable  events  recordeciin  this  fk^J^-^f'^ 

Gen.  Tlr>'v<!  ev<Tr»j.iU*s  P>ollou» 
Korfoik  lii  Virgiiiia  burn  • 


>ri. 

■ 

)7. 

li- 

■ aftf 

mix  vor 

ve 

1 

1  up  the  fp 

he 

I  of  the  e> 

I'd 

■  and   the 

1 
1  « 

I  But  that 

m 

■  i)ears  frc 

be 

1  nianded 

<:i 

I  wherein 

'a 

1  not.  fo  f 

f;-S 

I  pended  c 

IJ 

1 1  have  n 

1  pnfed  0: 

1  between 

1  med^  an 

1  not  a  ma 

1  veteran 

1  officers. 

1  prevail. 

1  fiiders  0 

Sir 

1  fertjvcr 

x:s^ 


North  AMERieA> 


«? 


ISir  Peter  Parker  and  Earl  Cornwallis  fail  for 
America.  .^/.v  y  ^  y* 

The  blockade  of  Oil ebec  continued. 

The  Americans  raife  the  blockade  and  retreat. 

jA  number  ot  Highlanders  t  ken  in  Bofton  bay. 

Declifation  of  American  independence. 

Gen.  Howe  lands  the  royal  army  on  Long- UK 
and|  and  drives  the  Americans  of{*it. 


^  ':%^t^- 


■<-V'S 


C  HAP.  VI. 


AFTER  the  affair  of  Long-Ifl,and,  endea- 
vors were  ufed  by  the  Aa^jeritans  to  keep 
up  the  fpirits  of  the  people,  by  pi?fBng  accounts 
of  the  extrai/rdinary  bravery  C)f  their  troops, 
anti  the  dellru(Stion  they  made  of  the  enemy. 
Biu  that  matters  were  not  very  proraifing  ap- 
|)ears  frorr.  a  letter  of  Gen.  Mercer,  who  com- 
nianded  the  flying  camp,  dated  Sept.  4th, 
wherein  he  writes-  ^*  Gen-  Waflnngton  has 
Rot.  fo  far  as  I  have  feen,  5000  men  to  be  de-' 
pended  on  for  the  fervice  of  a  campaign  ;  and 
J  have  not  1000.  Both  our  armies  are  com- 
pnfed  of  raw  militia,  perpetually  flu^tnaring 
between  the  camp  and  their  farms  ;  poorly  ar- 
med, and  ftU  worfe  difciplined.  Thefe  are 
not  a  match  for,  were  their  numbers  equal  ta. 
Veteran  troops,  well  fitted  and  urged  on  by  Me 
officers.  Numbers  and  difcipHne  mull  at  hll 
prevail.  Giving  foldiers,  or  even  the  lower 
firders  of  mankind,  the  choice  of  officers,  vrill 
fertiver  mar  the  difciplinc  ©f  anines. 

I 


>» 


!, 


',-V*' liiii  I 


S6 


f  ■ 


TA^  HiSTORV   of 


Gen-  Howe,  having  fully  prepared  for  adeT. 
cent  on  New- York  ifland,  embarked  4  ftrong 
divifion  of  the  army  under  the  coipmand  of 
Gen.  Clinton  and  others,  in  boats,  at  the  head| 
of  Newtown  inlet,  and  at  another  place  higgler 
up,  where  they  could  not  be  obferv^d  by  the 
Americans,  who  expeded  the  attack  would  be 
jnade  on  the  fide  i;ext  to  the  Jtaft  river,  and 
had  therefore  thrown  up  lines  and  works  to 
defend  them f elves. 

On  the  15th  of  September,  about  eleven 
o'clock.  Gen.  Howe's  troops  landed,  under  the 
cover  of  five  iliips  of  v/ar,  in  twp  divifions,  the 
lieflians  in  one  plate,  and  the  BritiHi  in  aiH»ther. 
As  foon  as  Gen.  Wa/liington  heard  the  firing 
of  the  men  of  war,  he  rode  with  all  difparch 
towards  the  lines  ;  but  to  his  great  mortifica- 
tion,found  the  troops  pofled  in  then>  retre,at. 
mg  \Aith  the  utinoft  precipitation  ;  and  tholi 
ordered  to  fupport  them,  Parfons's  and  FeJ- 
lows's  Brigade  flyuig  in  every  diredtion,  aaid 
in  the  greateft  confulion.  His  attempts  to  (lop 
them  were  fruitlels,  though  he  dre^v  bi&  fword, 
threatened  to  run  theiji  through,  and  cocked 
andlnapped  his  pUlols» 

On  the  appearance  of  a  fmall  party  of  the 
enemy,  not  more  than  fixiy  or  fevcnty,  their 
diforder  was  encrcaled,  and  they  ran  off  with- 
out hring  a  Jingle  (hot,  leaving  the  general 
in  a  hazardous  liiu.ition,  fo  tliat  his  attendants 
to  entricatt;  liiiii  nm  uf  it,  caught  the  brkl.leof, 
his horfe,  and  gave  him  a  different  dire^lion.    ' .. 

Three 


bU'.^ 


■  i\  !l 


North  America. 


«7 


Thr^fe   raVg«  ftiipV  were  fl^tioned   in    the 
KWth  rJver,  oppofite  to  thole  in  ihe  E«ll  rrv- 

r,  and  both  kept  up  a  conftant  cannonading 
H'ith  gr:>}3e-ihot  and  bngrage  quite  acrofs  the 
(land.     The  Hcllians,  unon  their  landinix,  fei- 

,  in  a  nei^'^hboring  building,  ps. 
Enemies,  lomc  pevfons  who  had  been  placed 
pere  to  ferve  as  guides,  which  for  a  while  fub- 
jefted  the  in  to  a  difficulty. 

When  the  regulars  were  comp?ete1y  landed^ 
|they  advanced  towards  the  Kingibridee  road* 
The  American  brigades,  which  bad  fled  on  the 
Enemy's  a  pproa  chine;  the  line.,  did  not  ftop  till 
pt-y  were  met  by  (Sol.  Glover's  and  five  other 
krigaclrs,  who  were  hallening  down  to  them. 
Is  looti  as  they  jcrned,  the  whole  marched  for- 

I'ard,  and  toc^k  port  on  fonie  heights,  wheni 
uddenly  8600  of  the  enemy  appeared  on  the 
next  heip^ht,  and  halted.  Gen.  Waihingtonat 
Wt  conlented,  that  his  troops  fliould  march  for- 
ward, and  give  them  battle  ;•  but,  on  a  feconci 
knfideration,  he  gave  counter  orders,  as  he 
fould  ivot  have  any  dependence  on  the  militia 
bd  the  flying  camp,  which  compofed  half  the 
jHrnber  then  prefent.  When  the  Americans 
retired,  and  noprofpecfl: of  adion  retijaiiaed,  the 
l-njJiilh  tool:  poCeffion  of  New- York. 

fieir.  Wafhrngton,  while  moving  the  slrmy 

from- K[ev'- York,  into  the  coenrry,  was  cat^efut 

ffmiirch  ard  form  the  troops,  fo  as  to  make  a 

rpnt  towards  the  enemy,   from  Eafl  Cheftci^ 

jbiofi  to  Whitfe  Plaiiis,  ou  the  caftlidc  of  tht 

highway^ 


;i 


i  ' 


fill' 

I  '■  •'  i' 


H 


•h 


)\; 


WA 


*  (. 


i.-/  II)  I 


y*i  ml 


88 


The  History  cf 


highway,  thereby  to  fecnre  the  inarch  of  thofe 
who  were  behind  on  their  right  and  to  defend 
the  removal  f)t  the  fuk,  cannon  and  oiher  mat. 
ters  of  confeqnence  ;  but  the  ^v ant  of  many  nc 
cefTary  articles  confiderybly  retarded  iheir 
march* 

On  the  2^rh  of  o6lober,  the  royal  army  moy. 
cd  in  two  columns,  and  tock  a  polition  they 
thought  the  mott  adv.?nrAgeous.  Obferving, 
.however,  that  Gen-  W.4niington's  lines  were 
much  firen'Tthened  bv  additional  works,  he  dc- 
ferred  all  further  attacks  till  the  arrival  of  morel 
troops-  Several  fkirniilhes  had  already  taken! 
pl:«ce,  but  nothing  decifive  had  vet  happened.  | 

On  the  laft  day  of  0(n:i>ber,  (Jen.  Howe, 
Being  joined  by  the  troops  froMi  Lord  Percy, 
wade  dispofitions  for  attacking  the  Aniericanl 
lines  early  the  next  morning  ;  but  an  exirejin 
uet  night  and  morning  preven':ed  the  exetuci* 
on  at  the  time  appoi>  ted,  and  it  was  not  at-l 
tempted  :\frer wards,  though  rheday  proved  f  drJ 
^  Gen.  WalhinfTton  gained  inrelligeiite  «'f  his  dan.l 

ferfrom  a  nek'rter,  when  he  drew  oiFmoftof 
is  troonsat  nifjht,  totjilly  evacuated  his  carap 
early  in  the  morning  of  the  firft  of  November, 
and  took  hi<rVer  ground  towards  the  Nonl 
Caftjediilrid  ;  leaving  a  ftrong  rear  guard  ot 
the  heiehts  and  in  the  woods  of  White  Plains. 
Orders  wer^  given  hv  Gen»  Howe  to  arraa 
this  corps ;  but  the  cKecuiIvm  of  it  was  prcven* 
led  by  a  violent  r!in.  .  ^ 

*   Though  this  affair  at  Whit*  Plains  made  fo 


muc 


?'"V-/ 


''.  ^ 


North  Amehica. 


89 


trch  noife  at  the  time  in  vvbicli  it  I)3ppf  ncd,  no 
f(fncr."il  .''.ftion  took  pljcf!,an(l  rl  c*  ^mt  j  uMjsre- 
^riicc  1»  leaving  the  Kn|T!Jfi  m  poffeiliun  of 
\ew.  York  di^Q  the  Jeritys. 
(uri.  Waihington,  hov\ ever,  foou  :<fr(r  made 
defcont  oi^i  Jtrtey,  and  at:  Trf:nt(»n  fiiipnlcd 
'M  tcok  pril oners  23  Helii.i'^  offict  rs,  jjnd  886 
rxi\  of  the  fame  riatioo.  Jn  ihe  eveuiiig,  Gciu 
pail!ii>n;ton  rfpad'eJ  ihe  Delawaie,  and  reiiitd 
|j  Pcvnifylvaiiia- 

From  this  pcnod  to  the  month  cf  June,  1,777^ 

nothing  p.iied   in   Jcrfey   biit  one;   ccr.tinucd 

Icrne i)f l)]oo J   and    llaugater  anifinjr  dcrached 

Dnrrics,  without  any  decifive  advantHfyes  I'ting 

nincJ  byciiherfide.    Or  rhe  '^oth  of  fun?,  at 

p  o'flocicin  the  morning,  rhe  Ergliih   trt-ops 

Wgan  to  crofj  over  to    Si- cen  llland,    ;jnd  the 

^t;:ir  jrn  n*d  paH'ed  at  two  in  the  aUernoon,  with- 

loutthe  leaii    appearance  of  an  ene  ny.     Thus 

kiiey  evacuatcid  the  Jeriey?,  to  enf^r  upon  new 

|conG'dcits,  in  hopes  of  reducing   the    United 

^Jtarcs  to  unconditional  rubmifiu)n 

Let  ns  now  turn  to  ihe  Eritifh  opcrationi  in 
^'^e  north,  nhich  were  taken  out  of  the  hands 
|(K'.Slr  Guy  Carleton,  and  committed  to  rhe 
harge  cf  Gen.  Burgcyne.  *  The  forces  iiioiied 
t5  riicitj,  crnrjltinc:  cf  BritiOi  and  German 
i''*ao'}r,,  c'lTuounJcd  to  more  thiin  7CC0  men,  ex- 
^hfvit.  rf  ihe  srtdlery  corps.  A  powerful  brafs 
pain  af^r|ilfery  WPS  furf-iif]  ed,  probably  the 
tel/and  the  1  oft  excellently  ilipplied.  as  to 
Iters  and  private  men,  that  had    ever   bee?t 

.  .     I   2  dcitined 


I      .1*  '4'  ' 


»'♦■ 


im 


4-: 


:A  '",'{-', 


'f^;'.-i-.) 


i 


4;'-    I   ■/'? 


ri: 


9^ 


The  History  of 


-^T 


X 


deftmed  to  fccoml  the  operations  of  an  army  not 
exceeding   i*he  prefent    number*     The  army! 
was,  in  every  reip€£l,  in  the  beft  conditio  :,  the 
troops  were  in    the   higheft  fpirits,  admirably 
dilciplined,  and  uncommonly  healthy. 

The  main  body  qnderGen.  Burgoyne,  pro. 
ceeded  up  Lake  Clianiplain,  landed  and  encam- 
ped at  no  great  diftancc  from  Crowp  Point, 
where  he  met  the  Indians  in  congrefs,  and  af. 
terwards,  in  compliance  with  their  cufloms, 
gave  them  a  war  fea  .  He  made  a  fpcech  to 
them,  calculated  to  excite  their  ardor  in  the 
common  caufe,  and  at  the  fame  time  to  reprefs 
their  barbarity,  lie  conjured  them  to  kill 
thofe  only  who  oppoftdthem  in  arms  ;  thattld 
men,  women,  children,  and  prifoners,  lliould  be 
held  facrcd  from  the  knife  or  hatchet,  even  in 
the  hei)t  of  acflual  conflid  ;  that  they  fhonM 
fcalp  thofe  only  whom  they  had  flain  in 
fc>ir  oppofitirn  ;  but  that  under  no  prctCKC 
fhould  they  fcalp  the  wounded,  or  even  dying, 
niucb  leihkill  perfons  in  that  condition:  tky 
were  pronii fed  a  comptnfaiion  for  prisoners, 
but  informed,  that  they  fliould  be  called  to  ac- 
count for  fcalps. 

On  the  near  appnnch  of  the  right  v^ing  cf 
the  royal  army  on  the  Ticondcroga  (i«Ie,  the 
AriericansaHaidoneJ  their  works  toward^Lake 
George,  and  left  Gen.  Phdlips  to  pofTcfs  the  ad- 
vantageous poll  of  Mount  Mope,  without  mi- 
k'lig  any  reiillance,  vhich  would  have  be r^"  i'^- 
eifectual,  and  could  have  aufwerediioj^oodj-ur- 


po 


ic 


■v.. 


A  ■  :.  •;.•' 


\. 


-X' 


KoRTH  America. 


<  -I".. 


.*■>> 


;ft 


«^ 


fofe*  That  anpcirent  fupincnefs  and  want  of 
vig  iir,  witn  which  they  were  charr^eaLlCp  was 
wisnoc  occaliontd  by  cowardice^   but  adaal 

iriib'.'cility*       ,.   ,  V 

Gen-  Burgoyne*s troops  proceeded  withmiKh 
expedition,  in  the  conitrudion  cf  their  works^ 
the  bringing  up  of  artillery,  ftores,  and  provifi- 
ons ;  but  wbat  gave  the  greatelt  alarm  was,  the 
rapid  progrefs  they  made  in  clearing  a  roid^and 
getiingartillery  on  Sugar  Hiil-  When  once 
tiey  had  erected  a  batitry  on  this  height,  only 
a  few  hours  more  would  h  ive  been  required  to 
have  invefted  the  Americans  on  all  fides« 

Gen.  St.  Clair,  having  received  intelligence 
byfpies»  that  in  twenf  -^our  hours  the  invetturc 
would  be  completed,  w  hen  he  Oiould  be  cut  off 
from  all  poiIibJltiy  of  fuccor,  Gen-  Schyler  not 
hriviog  force  fuifi.Jent  at  Fort  Edward  to  re- 
lieve  him,  he  determined  to  evacuate  his  polls, 
thongh  he  kne  v  it  would  produce  inch  afto* 
nilhment  as  had  not  happened  fmce  the  com- 
roencement  of  the  w.ir-  He  plainly  perceived, 
that  if  he  continued  there,  h^  (honld  lofe  tlic 
annv,  but  five  his  cha rafter  ;  wh<jreas,  by  a- 
b  idaning  the  place,  he  Ihould  fave  the  army, 
and  lo.^fe  his  ch  iracftc^r.  A  council  of  war  was 
caMe  1,  and  u  w^$  unanimo\ifly  concluded  up«Li 
to  evMcuaie  as  Too  1  *s  poilibH- 

At  t'l'o  o'clock  in  ^he  morninG:  of  Tnly  the 
f)  h  G^n.  Sr.  Ciar  'U'i't  rict^ndeifuga.  A:>out 
three »  the  troops  were  :nn  in  motion  for  the 
evicuation  of  the  Mjljiu  ;  but  Fcnnoy  having 


:!     l^ 


]:i 


9^ 


The  History  eft' 


Pi 


t  ,i 


1 


% 


fet  fire  to  his  houfe,  contrary  topofit'r.'C  archers, 
the  whole  inouut  was  enl'ghtened  by  it,  fa 
that  the  cnciiiy  had  jn  op]H)rtunity  of  feting 
every  rhiiig  rh:it  pailed,  which  d;uiipe<!  the  Ipj. 
ritsof  the  Ainericaus,  aosl  uiduced  themtoputh 
off  i'.i  a  diibrderly  manner. 

In  the  niornino,  Gen.   Fraz^r,  perceivinT 

the  evacuation,  and   that  the  Americans  were; 

retiring,  commanded    a  purluit    with  his  hri^. 

gudc*,  coniiftjnp^  of  the  ligbt  troops,  grenadiers, 

;ind  foaie  other  corps-     Gen.  iieidelVl,  with 

moii  of  the  Brnnfvvickers,    was   ordered     bv 

Gen.  Hnrgoyae  to  join  in  the  purluit,  either  ta 

fupport  Frazer,  or  to  act  feparateiy .     The  lat- 

tcr  continutid  the  purluit  throuj^rh  the  day,  and 

receivinvf  intelligence,  that  St.  Clair's  rear  w-iji 

a'-  no  gre  it  diit mce,  he  ordered  his  troops  to 

lie  that  nioht  on  xheir  arms.     In  the  moriiiiig 

he  canic  up  \\ith  the  Au»erlcins,  cca.hicjnc^ed 

by  Col.  Vv"  .»rner,  wh::)  had,  betides  his  own,  the 

regunents  of  colonels  Francis  a  rd  Hale.      1  h? 

Bnt  iii  advjTjced   boldly,   ind   the  tv/o  bi;o!e5 

f'jrnied  within   about  6o    yards  (f  each  oth-r. 

FiMzerboNTan    the  attack  :<h;»ct  leven   o'clc.k, 

cxpeding  every  inojfient  to  be  joined  by  Kci(k- 

fel,  aijd  apprehending,  that  \\  he  del:;  cd,  the 

faemy  would  efc;»pe.      Hni"!  being  ap^>'"ized  of 

the  danger,  never  hronirlic  h's  rcinnfjpt  to  the 

charge,  hut  fic;d  ;  Ai  that  V/arncT  couy  b/^^g 

into  action  no  more  thin  ab*>nt  700  ne  j.      fiic:  ^ 

confliv^t  was  bloody  :  Fr nicis  it II  lirrhui  ^:  wich 

great  bravtry,   and    vVajnsr,  his  rh:itr' rs. "^^^d 

kldie;s, 


.'.  f 


,.*."' 


t>y  it.  fo 

of  feting 
'I  rhe  h\', 
mi  topuili 

erceivii^r 

h  ills  hr'u 

renadieis, 

•IV 1,   with 

lereti     bv 

either  ta 

The  J  at- 

day,  and 

rear  wn?j 

troops  ro 

inorniiig 

11 'iiid  licked 

own,  the 

'o  bodies 

:h  oth-rr. 

oMc.k, 

\'t<J,  the 
yriz^d  of 
It  to  rlie 

'       The 
wich 


;.    '  ^    North  America,      l''       :  ^t 

foldiers,  behaved  with  much  relolution  and 
gallantry  ;  io  that  the  Britiili  broke  and  gave 
yi^ay,  but  foon  formed  ag  iiii»  and  running  on 
the  Americans  with  their  bayonets,  the  latter 
were  put  into  no  fmall  confufion,  which  was 
cncreaied  by  'he  critical  arrival  of  Gen.  Reide. 
fcl  vviih  the  foremoft  of  his  column,  conlifting 
ofthe  Chaffeur  company,  and  eighty  grena- 
diers and  light  infantry,  who  were  immediate- 
ly led  into  aftion.  The  Americans  now  fled  on 
all  (ides.  Gen-  St*  Clair  heard  when  the  firing 
began,  and  would  have  fupported  Warntn',  but 
the  troops  that  were  neareft,  two  militia  regi- 
ments, would  not  obey  orders,  and  the  others 
were  at  too  gre^t  a  diftance.  Hale,  who  had 
attempted  to  getoffby  ilijjrht,  fell  in  with  an 
iricon  fide  rah  le  party  of  Britifh,  and  furrendered 
himfelf  and  a  number  of  his  men  pnfoners.  I'he 
Americans  loft  324  in  killed,  wounded  and  pri- 
foners,  and  among  the  lad  wei'e  1/2  oncers*. 
The  royal  troops,  including  BritiOi  and  Ger- 
man, had  not  lefs  than  183  kiikd  and  wound- 
ed- '        •  .:■••■"      *    -'. 

The  evacuation  ofTiconderaga  and  Moant 
Independence  furpri fed  Gen.  Waiihiagton,  und 
fpread  aftoniJhment  and  r<.rror  through  rhe 
New  England ibtes.  The  generals  were  led 
to  believe  that  the  garrifon  was  much  (tronger. 
The  Maffichufett's  genera]  court  were  fauity, 
in  nothaving  feafonsbly  forwarded  '^heir  quota 
of  troops  agreeable  to  the  requifition  of  con- 
grefs. 
Lit  us  now  return  to  fee  what  was  doing  by 


'f  '■ 


*  tj 


i    i 


V 


-i.  , 


>  V 


n; 


VAA 


■y'X 


>■  'I 


ir  -ill.  li 


'•iJl 


Jr 


3!:  if  ■■ 


f%t 


Th€  History  «/ 1 


■/■ 


GeVi.  Howe.  The  Britifh  fleet  and  a'rrrt^r  whfcij 
lay  at  Sandy  Hook,  were  deftJned  for  the  reduc- 
tion of  Philadelphia,  in  puriunuce  of  a  plan 
which  had  been  lettled  between  Sir  Wiilinm 
Howe  and  Lord  Geor[Te  Germain^  but  did  not 
farl  'till  the  23d  ot  July.  The  land  forces  coil, 
iiitcd  of  thirty. fix  Briti(h  and  Hefiiati  battalions, 
including  the  light  infantry  and  grenadiers, 
with  a  powerful  artillery,  a  New.\  ork  corps, 
tailed  Otieen's  Rangers,  and  a  regitnent  of 
light  horfe,  eiti mated  all  locrether  at  ab<jut 
16,000  men.  The  fleet  confllled  of  267  fail. 
Gen.  Mo\ve*s  thus  abandoning  Burgoyne,  e- 
qually  excited  the  ailonifhmeat  of  fneuds  and 
enemies.  ^ 

On  the  14th  of  June  the  congrcfs  refolved 
that  theflarrof  the  thirteen  U«ited  Stktes  ue 
thirteen  ftrii!)es,  alternate  red  aijd  white  ;  th^t 
the  union  be  thirteen  iVars,  white  in  ablaefieid, 
reprelcnting  a  newconfteUarion. 

It  was  not  till  the  third  of  Septeinber  th^t 
the  royal  army  began  to  move  forwards.  On  its 
advancing  near  to  the  Americans,  thefe  aban- 
doned their  groutid,  perceiving  that  it  avouUI 
liot  anfwer  their  firrt  expectation.  They  croff. 
ed  Brandy  wine  at  Chad's  ford,  and  took  [wf- 
(eilion  of  the  heights  on  the  eaftfide  of  it,  with 
an  evident  intention  of  difputing  the  palTage  of 
the  river  ;  burthe  fuperior  numbers  of  the  re- 
gular forces  at  laft  obliged  them  to  retire. 

A  little  ^fter  funrile  on  the  i  ith  cfSepterrt- 
ber,  a  warm  engagement  commenced,   whiclt 

.  .    laited 


i.  .■'.. 


>'^.. 


r  A-*; 


'-.    <!. 


North  America. 


95 


lifted  till  the  approach  of  night.  On  this  occa- 
fion,  the  Aiwei'icans  lliewcd  great  relolutic^u 
ami  courage.  ;  but  a  few  hours  more  of  day 
light  might  have  fo  animated  the  conquering 
regukrs,  fatigued  as  they  were,  as  to  have 
produced  thofe  exertions,  which  wquld  have 
been  produdive  of  a  total  and  ruinous  defeat  ;o 
the  Americans.  It  was  (aid  by  the  Americans 
thfniielves,  that  in  this  a<^ion,  their  iofs  in  kill- 
ed, wounded,  arvd  prifoncrs,  was  about  ;w  tlv'e 
or  thirteen  hundred  ;  and  that  the  royal  army 
dkl  not  fuifer,  on  cheir  part,  fhort  of  feven  or 
eight  hundred,  in  killed  and  wounded.  The 
Americans  alfoloft  tenitnajl  field  pieces,  and  a 
howitzer,  of  which  all  but  one  werebrafs. 

The  evening  after  the  battle,  a  party  of  re- 
gulars wa&fent  to  Wilmington,  who  took  I  he 
l^ovcrnoi' of  the  Deleware  ftate,  Mr.  M'Ken- 
jey,  out  of  his  bed,  and  pod'effied  themfelves  of 
aihdlloplyingin  the  creek,  loaded  with  the  rich 
effeds>  of  forne  of  the  inhabitants,  together  with 
the  p<jblic  records  of  the  county,  and  a  brgc 
quantity  of  public  and  private  money,  befides 
articles  of  plate,  and  other  things. 

After  various  motions  of  the  regular  army, 
on  the  26th  of  September  General  Howe  made 
histriomphal  entry  into  Philadelphia,  with  a 
Iniall  part  of  his  army,  where  he  was  mpft  cor- 
dially received  by  the  generality  of  the  quake^ s, 
and  a  few  other  royalilts.  The  bulk  of  his  troops 
were  kft  in  and  about  German- town,  a  village 
forn>i«g  one  continued  ftrtet  for  near   two 

jwiles* 


*,  / 


■{ 


II 


f. 


;j  'i 


♦  ! 


H 


•:-:  ■■/ 


j<6 


r7*^  History  o/* 


.<•  L-.- 


miles*     Geri.  Walhington'sarmy  was  encamp, 
cd  near  Shippach-creek  about  eighteen  milesl 
from  thence.     The   Congrefs,  on  the  lofs  of| 
Philadelphia,  removed  to  York-town. 

To  return  to  the  northern  army,  under  thc| 
command  uf  Gen-  Burgoyne.  Several  adions 
took  place,  between  the  Americans  and  regu- 

"larSj  in  the  intended  march  of  the  Britifh  to. 
wards  Albany.  In  theie  different  flrirmiihes, 
the  regulars  fufiered  very  conllderably,  as  vvell| 
as  the  Indians  in  their  inierelt.  The  principal! 
oftion  happened  at  Bennington,  in  which  the 
Americans  took  from  the  Englifh  four  brafj 
field  pieces,  twelve  drums,  250 dragoon  fwords, 
four  amtnunition  waggons,  and  aho'jt  700  prif. 
oners,  amonp-  whom  wasLieiit.  CoU  Baum. 

On  the  3orh  of  Augud,  the  £i;gliili  com. 
mander  had  occafion  to  write  to  Gen.  Gates, j 
and  in  this  letier  complained  of  inhumanity 
cxercifed  towards  the  provincial  foldiers  in  thc| 
king's  fervice,  after  the  affair  pf  Benningtpn, 
and  then  hinted  at  retaliation.  Gen.  Gates,  inl 
his  anfwer  of  Sept.  the  2d,  invalidated  the 
charge,  and  thep  retorted  the  Indian  cruelties,! 
which  he  imputed  to  Burgoyne,  faying,  ^*  Mifsl 
M'Rea,  a  young  lady,  lovely  to  the  fight,  ofl 
virtuous  chara<5i;er,  and  amiablcp  dipofition,  en- 
gaged to  an  officer  in  your  army,  was,  with o.| 

*  ther  women  and  children,  taken  outof  ahouli 

near  Fort  Ed\vard,   carried   nxto    the   woodj 

and  there  murdered  '-ind   mangled  in   a  met 

ihocking  manner*  .Two  parents^  with  tlieii 

i  ■   :  '"        ,  liJ 


V    f 


I  .  •■■-». 


North  America. 


St 


fix  children,  were  all  fcalped  and  treated  with 
the  fame  inhumanity,  while  quietly  refiding  in 
their  once  happy  and  peaceful  dwellings.  The 
miferable  fate  of  Mils  M'Rea  was  particularly 
agravated,  by  her  being  dreffed  to  receive  her 
promifed  hufband,  w  I  en  (lie  met  her  murderer 
employed  by  you.  Upwards  of  one  hundred 
men,  momcn,nnd  children,  have  periflied  by 
the  hands  of  the  ruffians,  to  whom  itisafferted/ 
you  have  paid  the  price  of  blood. '^  Gen»  Bur- 
goyne,  inhis  reply  of  the6rh  of  the  famemonth, 
vindicated  his  ©wn  character  ;  Ihewed  that 
Mifs  M'Rea's  death  was  no  premeditated  bar- 
barity, and  declared,  that  every  other  charge, 
exhibited  by  Gen*  Gates^  was  ill-fouoded  and 
erroneous. 

The  murder  of  Mifs  M'Rea  exafperated  the 
Americans,  and  from  that  and  other  cruelties 
occaiion  was  taken  to  blacken  the  royal  party 
and  army.  The  people  detefted  that  army 
which  accepted  of  fuch  Indian  aid,  and  loudly 
reprobatad  thui  government  which  could  call 
in  fuch  auxiharies.  Gen.  Gates  was  no  t  defici- 
ent in  aggravating,  by  feveral  publications,  ihe 
excefTes  that  had  taken  place,  and  with  no  fmall 
advantage  to  his  own  military  operations. 

On  the  1 8th  of  September,  Gen.  Burgoync, 
having  been  very  ihort  of  provifions,  at  length 
received  a  fupply  for  about  thirty  dr^ys,  toge- 
ther with  other  neccllary  llores.  He  then  re- 
folved  upon  paffing  the  Hudfon's  river  with  the 
army,  wkich  having  executed,  he   encamped  on 


'*  i2'  „ 


ia.  .^ 


V  :|. 


■\  ' 


J.   (•!T"'. 


Ri  ■ : 


.i  ■! 


■■.!  ■ 


ff  •' 


,>' 


A:. 


9^ 


T'/^d'  History  r/ 


^he  h*?i|Tlu.^  and  dh  tlie  plains  of  Saratoga, — 
1  nc  Americans,  obitrviiiir  rhe  notions    oi    ihc 

'  1.31 

royji  arjuy,  Bi.irc  lied  out  3000llroog,  in  order 
to  act  ick  l]im,  bii:  fuund  th  \r  tti  be  pi'odenti<^]iy 
impr.icl'cabttN  i-owc^'er  ihev  drevA  uoifi  lull 
vie  vv  of  liJiijj  and  tliere  rcnained  till  d^irk. 

Tin?  next  d.!}'  ("on  e  of  the  Americ^io  fcoat- 
ing  jiartieo  fell  n\  wirb  iliofc  of  the  Hriiidi,  and 
\v.ih  n-reat  buldneis begin  tlic  atuck  abt.ui  oiie 
o'clock  at  noon.  i'iie  tiring  Vvus  )io  looncr 
heard  by  Gen.  Pb.iilips,  thm  he  ni.^dr  his  wr.y 
\vir!i  a  p.^ri  of  xwn  arnllcry,  tiirontrh  ih'.  woods, 
and  rendered  cil'enrial  fervices.  Each  com. 
niander  lunnortcd,  reinforced,  and  ordered  tiif. 


ercnt  rcirnnen.rs  to  'v-ii(ia':'< 


I  he    battl 


Vv-  H>? 


h')t  aid  obiiinate  on  b«)ih  fides,  liil  aboat  \\A{ 
j)ill  two  o'ck)ck,  wtun  it  cetfed  ftjr  ball  an  bvm/. 
111?^  Ariieiican  and  Hritnh  lines  beint^  fully 
formed,  the  action  was  renewed,  and  be  came 
peiieral  attiire^^  .l><^ih  armies  appeared  dettr-. 
mined  to  conquer  or  die,  and  there  was  one  vx.xx^ 
tintial  blaze  ot  fire  for  three  hours  w  itlmut  ia» 
tejinillion  ;  the  report  of  the  miilkeisrefenibled 
an  incefihnt  rollbeatinfron  n  nuvnbcrrf  (irinvis. 
—The  Americans  and  BritiOi  alrernately  drove 
and  were  driven  by  each  ether.  Three  BriiHh 
re<riinents,  the  loth,  the  2 ill,  and  the  6'2d, 
were  in  a  ronfti>.nt  aivd  dofe  fire  for  near  four 
hours.  Ail  lufl'ered  conriderable  lolV. ;  the  62cl, 
•which  was  500  Urong  when  it  left  Canada,  was 
now  reduc  d  to  l^fs  than  60  men,  and  to  four 
€)r  five  oiikers*    i>w  aaioas  havjp  been  charac- 

;    terifl'd, 


y  1 


s  01  ihc 
,  in  order 
3deiit"L-i]iy 
up  in  lull 
l^rk..- 

.  -     i  .      ■>; 

Ml    fcOUt- 

iiidi,  aii(i 
ihi.ui  oiie 

0  looncr 
'  his  \K;\y 

.ch  com. 
!ered  tiif. 

<oac  }i  /If 
an  lijnr. 
nt^  fully 
became 
cd  dettr-' 
one  cm- 
hdut  in- 
^I'eiribled 

1  dnnvis. 
']y  drove 
e  Brhiih 
he  6'zdj 
ar  four 
the  62d, 
ads,  was 

to  four 

iicharac- 

terifed, 


im 


H,i\t 


'i< 


ri 

n:5  • 

1 

I'j 

1 

1  . 

l'\ 

f 

<\  ■ 

' 

>,  . 

n 

1 

i  «.     5  » 

i 

U 

IJ 

(i 


.Vtti^H 


«!■  1^1 


vni 


m 


Ka- 


)  ,t 


"%;' 


I.  t 


i    -- 


North   America* 


w 


tcriffd,  by  more  obiiin.icy  in  attaf  k  or  defence, 
tfrni  \v.is  the  preient.  B(«rh  p  iit';ts  ci  nmed  th6 
vidoiy,  though  neither  h  id  inuch  u(iv;^lt.^gc  to 
boa  11  i)\\    *'  '  '  "' 

<''  rom  this  time  rill  nenr  tl^e  nnddle   of  Odo- 


ler 


battl 


es   a  IK 


i    ih 


rnn.li^s   coiinnan 


ly 


:o!)J 


phicc  between  the  two  innies,  and  the  Britifh 
we  v  i';idly  rediiccd  and  weakened.  On  the 
13 rh  Gen-  Bnrooyne,  iiiuling  tiiat  ihe  troops 
hill  only   tbret-  days   pro vi (ions,    in    (tore,    on 


O-i 


lort  .'Mlowance,  and  no  apparent  n^eari.s   of  re- 
treat rfi!iaini!inr.  called  int(>  ct'^uncil  i'll   the  ae- 


neralf.,  [ield  oliicers,  and  cant-nah    conimandir 


g 


tinop 


There  was  nor  a  fpoi  of  groL::id  in  the 


wh  de  camp  for  holding  the  con<Kil  of  war,  but 


wli^t  was  e>sr,»)ed  to  cnnnnn  or  nm'  Inut 


fl* 


anc 


\ 


K ; ' 


v^'iiue  tne  roniKil  was  ( 


[ic^lil 


jfracino:,  ^^^  enii'teen 


pound  [).i  11  croiff-'d  the  t;  bJe.  -By  tiie  unani- 
nhnis  advice  of  the  council,  the  jrencTal  was  in- 
d,!c^*d  to  open  2  treaty  with  Gen.  Gates.  The 
*liril:  propilals  of  the  latter  were  rf  jceled,  and 
the  fixtli  article  with  difdain,  wherein  it  wa;^ 
required, th'it  the  Dntilh  -triny  (lKniid''ny  down 


th^ 


«^ir  arms  in  their  entrenchmcn.is.    ilurg-ovne's 
tounter-pronoials  were  unnnirnMly    rpproved^, 
and  being  fent  to  Gates  were  n greed  to,  on  th< 
15th 


witi'.out  nnv  materui 


1  al 


prat  ion. 


Gen.  G^tes  beinp;fearfnl  of  the  confequences 
that  Ti??p:ht  follow/ihouid  Gcp'.  Vauprhan  wit]? 


hi^ 


troops    covne    np   in    time 


to    } 


iurgoyne  s 


allifj-adce,  determined  upon  bringingThe  matrer 
aa  immediate  ilRie*     On  tht  nniriiing  of  the 

,    ,  17th 


to 


] 

a. 

1- 

'.1  . 

! 

1 

'i 

1    iff* 

* 

»  'v 

I'f: 


i.u\' 


•il    I' 


'^^ 


(5  f  h  ! 


100 


The  History  «/ 


■M  j.,: 


•^it 


'^Uli;. 


ii;: 


a 


17th,  he  got  every  thing  in  readinefs  for  at- 
tacking the  royal  army*  This  done  he  took 
out  his  watch,  the  time  agreed  for  fingning 
being  come,  l^e  then  fent  Col.  Greaton  on 
horfebiick  to  Burgoyne  with  a  meffage,  requi. 
ring  the  general  to  fign>  and  allowed  him  no 
more  than  ten  minutes  to  go  and  return.  He 
was  back  in  time,  the  treaty  wasfigned,  all  hoi- 
tile  appearances  ceafed,  and  the  Americans 
inarched  into  the  Britilh  hnes  to  the  tune  of 
Yankee  Doodle.  They  were  kept  there  nntil 
the  roy  il  army  had  marched  out  of  their  lines, 
an  J  depofited  their  arms  at  the  place  appoi  nted 
by  the  Jreaty.  ;  ;..     -  vn^  -; 

The  delicacy  with  which  this  bufinefs  was 
coiidu6led  rtiled.'^  the  higheft  honor  upon  the 
A  nerican  ireneral.  It  intimated  that  he  was 
feniible  of  the  mortification  attending  a  reverie 
of  fortune,  and  that  he  was  unwilling  to  aggra- 
vate the  painful  feelings  of  the  royal  troops,  by 
admitting  the  American  loldiers  to  be  eye  wit- 
xiefTes  to  the  degrading  fpedacleof  piling  their 
arms.  When  thi:  arms  were  depofited  agrcea- 
ble  to  treaty,  the  royal  troops  were  fervcd  with 
bread  by  the  Americans,  as  they  had  not  any 
left,  nor  flour  to  make  it*  They  had  only  one 
day's  fait  meat  remaining. 

The  treaty  was  ftiled,  *'  A  convention  be- 
tweeti  Lieut.  Gen*  Burgoyne  and  Major  Gen. 
Gates."  Among  other  artices  it  wa*  ilipalated, 
*'  That  the  troops  under  Lieut.  Gen.  Bargo>ne 
Ihall  march  out  of  their  camp  with  the  honors 

^  of 


^    ♦ 


North  Amxrica. 


jci 


of  wnr,  and  the  artillery  ot'  the  ciUrenclnnf  nts, 
larlic  verjrc  oF  t^e  river,  wnore  the  arms  and 
.trriJkry  i^re  to  be  Itft-  Ttie  aniiS  to  be  i.iled 
by  word  of  conuuaml  frc^m  ihcir  oui.  iii;cfrs.  "■■ 
A  frtep.'illajre  to  hejrra'.  ttd  to  the  ro)al  army 
to  Great  linir-iii,  u;um  conciition  of  not  lerving 
ag.iin  in  North  Auutich,  during  ilie  prelent 
conct^ft;  and  the  port  of  Bofton  lo  be  rJligred 
for  the  eniryof  tranlportsro  receive  the  troops, 
whenever  Gen.  liov.e  Ihail  To  order. — The 
officers  bngg'age  not  to  he  n.ohlled  or  ffarch- 
ed — Duting  the  li.iv  of  ♦^hc  troops  in  the  Mal- 
fachufetts  bay,  the  ul»icer-s  ^re  lo  be  adii.l^ted 
oil  parole,  and  be  alluucd  lo    wear  their  lide- 


unn'y 


>> 


1  he  return  (i'rncd  by  Gen.  Bnrtroyne,  at  the 
tijDc  of  the  convention,  m^iiv  ihe  Bniifh  yrmy, 
including  Gcrmc^ns,  ainouiii  to  cypi,  which  v  ns 
very  ihort  of  the  nu;nl)er  they  jiad  oi.  litiirg 
out  from  Canada.  The  train  of  brals  ^itillery, 
conliitingof  42  pieces,  was  a  fine  accr.iijciitr  to 
the  Americans.  There  wer*  alio  46.d7  r^  uf- 
kc^is,  6coo  dozen  of  cartridges,  befidesinot  car- 
tules,  <hel!s,  &c« 

Had  Clinton  advanced  in  time,  Piiirjroyne 
wonld  have  been  faved  :  but  the  trooi;s  he  dif- 
patched  under  Gcner.1l  ^^^ugham  an)ul>.!}  '.htm- 
felves  with  burr,ing  Efopus,  a  line  viJK+ge  on 
the  liorth  river^  belovv  Catfl<ill,  General  V^ug- 
ha;],  with  a  flood  tide,  might  have  reached  A)- 
b<iny,  iu  four  hours,  as  there  was  no  force  to 
hhuier  him^     Had  he  proceeded   thither,   and 

^  J  a  buriit 


.:'^ 


.5 


MM 


/\.  _■-.>;. 


■^^ 


V0      J,  '- 


%^\:¥ 


i. 


i^r 


'»■'. 


lf~Vr' 


1C2 


,  J,  ■ 


-i  ■'•.?'' 


The  HisTOY  0 


'/ 


I  i'.  / 


burnt  the  ftnr^s,  Gates»  as  he  n'mftlf  afterward, 
cl!^clared,  niL'il:  have    retrc^itd  into  New    Ea- 


£ 


hnd. 


J'  .>♦  -  '\ , 


y 


■  v>;.i.  •..«: 


»';  ♦ 


V  J 


,:\i. 


r!'^: 


'..V  • . 


'U. 


mM:^^:m 


Mcmorahls  evcj^ts  recorded  In  tbU  chapter 


■If,.' 


TV')-? 


y^wKO  1776. 


■.;!.  >■ 


.«•/ 


,i^-> 


*  iH\'v.i 


Wre:cbi^<)  ftnte  of  tb.e  a)  inies  imder  the   Gene- 


ra 


1  s  W  a  Ih i  n  g  ■  o n  a  n  d  (7 


ave 


Kew-York  t  tk':Mi  b]   ihe  niyal  f(;rct's»  . 

IJicbauIe  of  thx  VV'iiite  Plains. 

A.  body  of  jriciiiausdefeaicd  *)t  Trenton* 


(k 


\i: 


A> 


?:no   1777* 


■*-,••- lV 


»t,  ,.tf. 


'-'i^-^  ■  .t  ■■ 


\r^^>A 


Gen.  How^  eiiil»arksliis  army  ft  om  Staten  Id- 
and.  .   , 

G  ■•n^  Biir^roync  proceeds  to  Crown  Point. 

1  iwonderOiia  ajid  Mount  Independeiice  ev;»cu. 
atcd. 

FJcJg  of  the  United  Sates  erecled. 

Jjitrie.'it  the  Brardyv. jne. 

d\rxo^v^t  of  Mils  .Vi^Rt:a's  death. 

A.Mierican's  engaged  the  Biitifh  under  Gen. 
Biirp:oyne. 

Diilrels  rind  calamity  of  the  royfil  arriiy» 

Gen.  Bnr^^oyne  briflled  in  all  his  dtfigns. 


■  fW 


MfTns  tlie  convention. 


Elo'>n<i  burnt  by  the  troops  under  Gen-  Vau 


(T. 


ani 


CHA 


u- .-. 


'i.  y 


>■ 


r-  > 


'         «            «     1 

;  ^  i  :'tk  a  . 

.«' 

aten 

m. 

> 

'fj 

[^int. 

e  ev, 

.»cu- 

"t. 


•5 


7;-A;(,v,; 


v. 


■»:< 


North  America. 
C  II  A  P.   VII. 


103 


:i^m 


.'jr 


TOWARDS  the  end  of  Oaobfr,  1777, 
rhe  royal  army,,  under  the  command  uf 
Sir  VVilliain  Hovt'e,  removed  to  Philadelphia. 
Mealures  being  concerted  between  the  gene- 
ral and  admiral  for  clearing  the  Delaware  of 
its  obltru<.'tions,  the  former  ordered  batteries 
to  be  erected  on  the  weltern  or  Pennfylvanian 
ihore,  to  aiiiit  in  dillodoincr  the  Americans  from 
Mud  iiland.  He  alio  detached  a  Urongbody 
of  HellianvS  acrofs  the  river,  who  were  to  re- 
dace /the  fort  at  Red-bank  while  the  Ihips  and 
batteries  on  the  other  (ide  were  to  attnck  Mud- 
IClmd.  Count  Donop,  in  the  f.-rvice  of  li^f^ 
Ln.Tlilh,  wasentruiled  with  the  expedition  a- 
gainll  Iled-bank;  but  l.e  failed  in  the  atieinpt. 
He  was  mortally  W(>upded  and  t;^k«"n  priA^iw  r, 
fever  al  of  his  belt  ofiiccr.s  were  killed  or  difab- 
Id,  and  the  llGlfians,  after  a  dcfn-rar-d  engagt- 
ment,  were  repul fed.  'I  he  fecimd  \n  commdv.d 
bci!ur  alio  danirerouflv  wounded,  tlie  detach- 
ment  was  brought  off  by  Lieut.  CoU  Linlmg- 
Icis  (aid  that  the  royal  detachment  joil,  on  rivis 
occ.ifion,  berwech  four  and  five  hut.dred  rTtn. 

The  exncdition  ap^ninlt  Mud  Illind  mc^t  virh 
better  juccefs,  the  Ar.iericans  beiiijt  driven 
from  thence,  and  forced  lorctire  to  Ked-bi»Mk. 

On  the  night  of  the  i8th  of  November, 
Lord  Cornwallis  marched  with  a  coriiuieiahlc 
fcfce,  and  the  next  day  crofled  the  DelawcJjc, 

ill 


ii.'ii 


\^1  ■  ; 


'i  ' 


1'' 


i  .1 


f,: 


.    -'r 


104 


^ 


The  History  hf 


JV'l 


s     ) 


i.    I 


\ 


\\\  his  way  to  Red-bank,  wh'ch  the  AnierJcnns 
nbandoned,  leaving  behind  rht-m  iht  artillery, 
and  a  coniideribie  qiiantiry  ot  c^nno:^«  ball. 
1  he  English  generals  coidVlTed,  that  the  long 
and  BiieKpedcd  oppolicion  thev  received  from 
Red-bank  an^l  Mud-Hbnd,  bn  ke  in  uj)cpn  their 
pbns  tor  the  remainder  of  the  campaign. 

On  the  third  of  May,  1778,  Mr.  Simeon 
Dcane  arrived  in  America  exprel's  from  Frajice, 
with  very  important  d'fpatches. — Tiie  corigre fs 
was  immediately  convened,  and  the  dilpat  jhes 
opened  and  read,  among  vvhich,  to  their  inex- 
preiliole  joy,  were  a  treaty  of  commerce  aiul  a 
treaty  of  alliance,  conclHded  between  hismti^ 
chriiiian  majeity  the  king  of  France  and  the 
United  Stares  of  A 


meiica. 


The  treaties  w  ere 
dniy  weighed  and  confidered  iVpvrately  the 
iKrKt  day,  and  npon  each  'it  was  uvianimouHy^ 
reibived,  ''  That  the  fame  be,  and  is  hereby 
accf-pred.'^     The  next  refolution  was,  ^'  That 


X\ 


n^  congrefs  enrertdn  the  hi^hefi  lenfe  of  tliC 


Htairnaniiniry  and    xvifdom  of  ais  n»oil:  ciiriuian 


A't'»;c 


^^y,  fo  1 


uci)|v|y  exemplitied  in  ihe  treiivy  of 


amify   i\\\i\  commerce  ;   and  the  commilijonc  rs 
repreientino;  their  il;»res,  at  the  conrt  of  France 


I        »vre  dirccl.d' 


to  j:)retcfU   the    g 


r.nf 


fnl 


;uknow 


Icdg.nenLs  <jf  thi^  confrrcfs  to  nis  nioir  Chrdii.ui 
J^iaje.ty,  tor  his  irnly  m?fr'J'"''ii''><J*-i>^  ccndr.i:t 
tclpeL-tin-v  iljele  fi.:tes.  m  r!:e  (j'd  jTnci'on':  a:id 
"iijiuereu.^d  .trcn^ifs,  and  to  rdhrr^  his  miit-flv, 
••'1  tnc  p.ut  (^.f this  toiiorrcls.  ii  ivi'Mtcrely  wif!]- 
ti',  i\\i,\  the  fri»-iidi]fi.p,  fo  happiiy  comm(»;;ci'd 

bctv/cei^ 


-   ,»t~x. 


North  America* 


i<^5 


between  Prance  and  thefe  United  States  may 
be  perpetual."  ;  .- 

The  congrefs,  after  receiving  the  treaties, 
had  a  ftronger  feeling  of  their  own  importance 
than  before,  and  refolved,  '^  That  thecomnnf^ 
fioncrs  appointed  for  the  courts  of  Spain,  Tuf- 
cany,  Vienna,  and  Berlin,  fnould  live  m  fuch 
flrle  and  manner  at  their  refpeftive  courts^  as 
they  may  find  fuitableand  neceflary  tofupporc 
the  dignity  of  their  public  charaTier.**  v  ^ 

On  thefirH-of  May,  they  agreed  to  a  draught 
of*  An  addrefs  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  Uni•^ 
ted  States  of  America.'^  In  this  publication^ 
when  they  come  to  the  French  treaty 5  tl:ey 
fay,  ^*  You  have  ftill  to  expe<^  one  fcverc  con* 
Aid:.  Your  foreign  alliances  though  they  fe- 
cure  your  independence,  cannot  fccure  your 
country  from  defolation,  your  habitations  font 
plunder,  your  wives  from  infult  or  violation, 
nor  your  children  from  butchery.  Foil*  d  in 
the  principal  defjgn,  you  muft  expeft  to  feel 
the  rage  of  difappointed  ambition.  Arife  then  I 
to  your  tents,  and  gird  you  for  battle  I  It  is  . 
time  to  turn  the  headlong  current  of  vengeance 
upon  the  head  of  the  deOroyer.  They  ha*^c. 
filled  up  the  meafureof  their  abominations,  and 
like  ripe  fruit  muft  foon  drop  from  the  tree. 
Although  much  is  done,  yet  much  remains  to 
do.  Exped  not  peace,  while  any  corucr  of 
America  is  in  the  pofleflion  of  your  foes.  Yon 
mud  drive  them  away  from  this  land  of  Fro- 
•life,   a  land  flowing  indet;d  with   inllk  and 

hoaey* 


m 


n 


%^  mkP 


ft," 


(•  i 


■>\     'f:'^ 


io6 


History  5/ 


^■. 


■r  < 


ho: 


ley. 


our 


breth 


xii. 


ren   a 


t  tb 


e  pxtromit?e5  of 


the  continent  ain^udy  implort  vfuir  Ineuddiip 
ar.ct  |*roteotion-  Ir  is  your  dtuy  lo  gr.:»)tMitir 
ff  quoi'K  riiey  hun^>^e»*  n?id  IhirU  aiier  iibeny* 
Bv  1:  yours  to  <.lirp<;:afj   to    rhem  fSe  h^^avenly 


(^.t 


And  v/har  is  tber^  r*ov.'  fo  ore^*evit  it  ? 


io  the  'iiontt:  of  M  ;v  rlivi.Anieric 


ill 


U  r  iJ  »  f* 


'  H 


auf 


Rci::d(  Iph  of  36  jl/.Ms,  :^n6    ^♦c^  'vfiu  iai!-  J  ( 


m 


3  '  nuie  from  Char  kilo  a 


he  V 


ai mouth,  it 


A   <H)OS.  » 


iifco' 


verc^d    her  a!i "'  hv^^  other  u 


^  h' 


Vi,',c<*iic  hdihvj  the  Randolph  tn  hc^itl  rolorr,  or 


on  Id   fire  i  Til  o  ber 
di 


11  vvhica  ih^.  iioiited 


ic.^n.anil  irnni^^cuateiv  g  tve 


1  lie  "1 


arriiou 


herb  oadiide.  vvhicl-^  w^j>  rtt'.irnt'd,  and  ia  a- 
boat  ri  ouarter  ufan  hour  (he  Mew  iir.  P'cnr 
men  i:<ved  themfeiv^s  upon  ^  p'l'jce  «)f  her 
wreck,  and  fubiili^  1  fir  f}ve  days  uj)i»n  noiliing 
laore  rhai«  ram  -^  jnfr  which  they  lotkcdtroui 
a  piece  of  bl'»nknc  they  had  pit  ked  ajn  (iu 
if-),   vhs   Yarnioti^h  heinq  ia   ch ace  of  a 


I  i'.^     .» 


uTij).    Ha 


pi'' 


ly    fiiilc 


ov  Tea 


lb 


i:m    sVt^vintT, 


1 


rii! 


caniatM  hnui  locH  (nfi^cnd'rd  the  chace  h.anlrd 
Un  io  ihr  vvre^k,  c^oo  a  boat  uui  and  broiizhc 
tiieni  on  I5()arti»  ' 

V>i!  rhe  7^h  cf  May  th^'.  frTopd  bart.dion  of 
Briti'h  K';!»i  infmtr/,  in  fi  r  bo-itr,  attended 
by   111*;*.'  jralJics  and  oth<n*  annfd  bo;u^v  |^ro» 


ceed 


'.('.  11)7  rive  n;da>va»'e,  in  order  tc  ocilr  ^y  r?ii 


the  Auiericuvfhip'5  ihd  veJTels  iv»rp;  rii  th<»  riv- 
er bet'vf  ca  Phihdt?lf>hia  and  rr^Jntdn*  Vhcv 
landed  the  next  morning,  advj  nc(  d  thvyarJi 


J5 


oruiifuown. 


North  America. 


107 


Tities  of 

,:ut'  hfcir 
libenv* 
i*:avenly 
v>t  it  ?" 

iailt  vi  oil 
touth,  <  f 

x^lorr,  or 
f  iinilted 
arruouih 
^\-\^  in  .1- 
P\nr 
«)f   her 

in.     On 
ace  of  a 

uro  light 

.jli on  of 
trended 


the  ;*iv. 
Ihcv 


B(M3d«^nto\vn,  drcA'e  the  Amcric.'rns  rhnt  rppofecl 
tli::iiS  eiueitd  the  ruwij,  pdvI  1  tirnt  toar  Itore 
hoiues  contciiiViVjg    proviiionS;    t(jhacco,    i<inie 


\\\ 


lif^rv    ii:orfs 


cainp    eqnipa^ 


rf*. 


The 


louiurv  bcicur  alnr.necK  2\A  a  Itrone  body  ccl- 


\:< 


ted.  tilt:  boLtaiion  c lolled  to  the  i^ennlvlva-,/*^ 


nia  uU'»re. 


\  iie  ne:it  (iay  they  r-'runied  iheir 
operation",  aiul  at  iunliit  fnn.>;a"krd  and  lerur* 
ned  10  Philidelphia.  Vv'hilcu;:on  the  expedi- 
tion»  rliwy  buriU  two    frigatec    one  of  3^,  the 


0 


0 


4-   ^ 


j.K> 


uns  ;  ir.r.e  i^rgt  Ihip*-,   tlnt^e  pri« 
l^A'Cnty-^luee  brifj^s,  witl    a  ij\i!i«h'er  (•!   L'o<^pj 


vari. 


^i, 


d  hi 


'.;ontrrb. 


1     ^^ 


o  <>!'  I  he  i!-ipi»  v  i^re  loaded 


with  tobnrco,  rui!i,,:ifui  niih:tai-\-  itches. 

G.."ii'  ilovve  u .  s  fucceeded  in  rlie  ciiuirnand 
ot  riie  ariMV  bv  ^ir  .he)ir\  Clinton,  v\  ho  arriv- 
tJ  ar  PliihiUeli:*hia  on  tlie  eiflith  of  i\Liv. 
^\\  the  ii^th    of  h'ebru^'iy    the    treiiies  be- 


O 


tween 


1 


ra?>ce    a 


i.d   the    Unilt'd    Suues    wer 


l^ljued.  The  alliance  bet^^'een  thel't  two  pow- 
iers  wa:kr)o\v!i  1.0  the  H:  iiiih  miniilry  i  oon  after , 
jtky  wcie  li^ticd.  Mr.  Fox,  in  a  debate  ixv 
lihc  If^it^ie  Q>i  Corinnons  live  days  afterwards, 
itilrritd,  that  the  nup.^bcr  of  men  lod  to  the  i»r- 
iiv.  In  killed,  diiabled,  lieferted.  and  froui  va- 
liious  oiher  ciaiies,  ironi  ilie  comniencenienr  of 
ilioilihtit  i  with  America  tothat  |)eriod,  amount- 


ti!  to  :.i70\e  i\vei;jr\   i 


houf 


:i:t 


«ii-t(« 


On  the   17th   Lord   North  introduced   his 


iCOi 


diatorv  jirojiGlitions. 


His  pi 


an  was  to  en- 


|able  tiie  crown  to  appoint  coiimuilioners  to  tr^-at 

with 


i 


:f1i 


rf'' 


'.-. 


i  I 


'I  >. 


,.  'i  ^   ' 


.    * 


i (^  I'll! 

#'.'•1    H 
7    Mil  A  \ 


'M-- 


.■)& 


10  8 


r/?tf  HisTokv  ojp 


:A 


"with  the  colonies  concerning  the  means  of  put* 
ting  an  end  to  thole  unhappy  cor.teih  ;  for 
which  five  perions  were  inveiled  with  ample 
powers.  His  Lordihip  laid  in  his  fpeech,  that 
Gen.  Howe  had  heen  in  the  late  adions,  andin 
the  whole  courfe  ot  the  ci^nipaig;!,  not  only  in 
the  good!u:fs  ot  troops,  nnd  in  all  manner  of 
fupplics,  but  alio  in  point  of  numbers,  much 
lupcrior  to  iiie  American  army  that  oppoled 
hirn  in  th  e  held  ;  that  Gen.  Burgoyne  had  been 
in  numbers,  until  the  affair  .at  Benniiigton, 
nenrJy  twice  as  itrong  as  the  army  of  the  ene- 
my ;  that  he  promifed  a  great  army  fliould  be 
jent  out,  and  that  a  ^reac  army  had  according- 
ly been  (ent  out,  to  the  amount  of  6o,ooo  mtn 
und  upwards.  x"^.  >  •  ^,       >  *t  ., 

This  fpeech  was  long,  able,  and  eloquent, 
nvd  krfpt  him  up  two  hill  hours.  A  dull  me- 
lancholy lilence  for  fonie  time  fucceeded.  It 
was  heard  with  profound -attention,  but  with- 
out a  liiigle  mark  of  approbation.  Aiionifli- 
\nent,  Jeje^lion,  and  fear,  over  clouded  the 
^^  hole  aflfembly.  It  was  conjecture^  ,  that  fome 
powerful  motive  had  induced  miiliftry  to  adopt 
iwvh  an  alteration  of  meafures.  This  idea  was 
confirmed  by  the  politive  aftertion  of  Mr.  Fox, 
that  a  treaty  had  been  figned  at  Paris  between 
^fhe  colonies  and  France,  by  which  Ihe  recog- 
nized her  independence. 

pnthe  i3thof  Mjrch,  the  French  Ambaf 
fadof  delivered  a  refrript  to  l^ord  VVeym^>«uh, 
ia  which   he  informed  the  court  of  London, 


til  at 


iw 


-v^ 


North  America. 


^2: 


th^t  the  kipg  had  fi^rneci  a  treaty  of  friciuiriip 
and coainicTcew'.ih  the  Unir<*:d  Scites  of  Amt- 
ric3.  I'he  knowledge  of  this  tranfacHon  vvns 
conuiiunicated  under  the  piiraJe  of  cult  ivMtiii'T 
the  good  underitanding  between  France  iw/a 
Gf'Mt  Britaiii.  ^^  .  -  i  ^  v'^' -:"  ^"'    :^      '-  "- 

On  the  21  il  of  March,  apnhlic  niidiencc  and 
reception  were  given  to  the  American  com- 
minioiitrs,  MtiT.  Franklin,  Deane,  and  ]^{ i^, 
!v  rhei'rench  monarch.  They  were  introou- 
C'JbyMonf.  Vergeni.es,  and  rec<=ived  by  the 
bii«r  with  theufnal  formaline?  and  cerenicnics- 
':  l:c  (tr;king  acknowledgment  of  tlie  plcnipo- 
i;iiiii.^i-i<"s  from  the  United  States  mortincd  tIk^ 
v'tiuitry  and  crown  of  Great  Britain,  and  nuiy* 
h'  pronounced  the  poli^ic^I  phenonicnor)  of 
Ijarope.  The  day  before  it  was  exhibited,  the 
French  aniballlidor,  in  confequence  of  orde^s^ 
u>  (|uit  London,  fet  on t  for  Paris.      v>;,  v. 

From  tlus  tinie,  tin?  cbnrts  of  London  arid 
r'.rf.i'les  wcrebnficd  in  fiting  one  their  ilf  ets, 
vliich  met  r^;«  h  other  in  the  month  of  July. 
The  Enoli'h  fleet  was  comina?]ded  by  the  nd* 
niir.ds  Keppel^  Paliifer,  and  i:larl.^nd.  Eur,  <\^ 
th^'  ;idion  of  that  day  is  apjpiv  related  in  our 
liiilorv  ofEno'land,  we  iiiall  i:ot  intror:ncc  in 
thclp  annals  of  An'jerica,  an  account  of  io  foul 
at^rniih  to  the  Britilh  ilag- 

In  the  begininn^T  of  June,  tl.e  Trident  X^ri- 
tifh  man  of  war  arrived  in  the  Delaware  'wi;h 
the  Ear)  of  CarlKLe,  I>Jr.  Eden  and  Governor 
|J»aiiitoiie,  three  of  the  comniiinou'crs  for  vcC- 


K 


fim'<: 


t.'  i 


[^ 


torinr: 


I-. 


f 


■■'f 


»!-)r-l. 


"<;     « 


i     i.'r         •      !« 


\m 


*>> ' 


■/  - 


IJtO 


Tbe  HiSTORV  of 


toring  peace  between  Great  Britain  and  Ame- 


ricri. 


On  the  1 8th  of  June,  at  three  o'clock  in  the 
niornltig,  the  Britiih  evacuated  PhiliideJphia, 
Mr.  Eden  having  brought  with  him  fecrer  in, 
Jtrudions  from  England  for  that  purpofe.  They 
proceeded  to  GJoucefter  point,  three  raiie.s 
do'vvn  the  river,  and  before  ten  the  v/hdlehrd 
padecl  in  fafety  crofs  the  Delaware  into  New. 

.hriey.      ^         ^  .,-•',      .  ,       .      . 

,  When  intelligence  of  Sir  Henry  Ciintors 
having  evacuated  Philadelphia  reached  the  A- 
nierican  he^id  quarters,  Gen.  WaJhington  took 
his  nienfures  accordinglv*  Several  ikirmiil.e; 
happened  between  the  Americans  and  the  re- 
gulars with  various  fuccefs,  till  on  the  30th  of 
June  the  royal  army  arrived  in  the  jieighbor- 
hood  of  S^ndy  Hook.  During  the  conife  of 
the  march  from  Philadelphia,  the  royal  army 
was  much  reduced,  upwards  of  800  hiving  de- 
ferted,  a  great  number  of  whom  were  Hefiians. 
On  the  5th  of  July,  the  army  palTed  over  a 
bridrreof  boats  crofs  a  narrow  channel  to  SanJv 
Hooky  and  were  afterwards  carried  up  to  New- 
York.  On  the  7th  Lord  Howe  received  ad- 
vice, that  the  fqUadron  from  Toulon  was  ar- 
rived at  Virginia.  Count  d'Ellaing  anchored 
on  the  8th  at  niirht  at  the  entrance  of  tlie  De- 
laware.  The  next  morninp*  he  weiijbed  and 
failed  towards  the  Hook,  and  on  the  evening  of 
the  nth  anchored  without  it.  Had  not  bad 
weather  and  unexjiefted  impediments  prevciit* 

to, 


North  America. 


i  HI 


cd,  t?)f  Count  iriLift  have  furphfed  Howe's  fleet 
in  th'j  Delaware,  as  ihe  latter  would  not  have 
had  time  to  efcwpe  after  being  appriled  of  his  din- 
ger. The  deliru^tion  of  the  fleer  n.u ft  have 
been  the  confequence  oi  fiich  a  furpriial,  and 
that  muft  have  accalioned  the  inevitable  lofs  of 
the  royal  arriiy,  winch  would  have  been  fo  en- 
clofed  by  the  French  fquadron  on  the  one  fide, 
;^nd  the  American  forces  on  the  other,  that 
the  Saratoga  catajftrophe  mufthave  been  repeat- 
ed. Lord  Howe's  fleet  confifled  only  of  fix 
iixiy^fcur  gun  fliips,  three  of  fi^iy,  and  two  of 
forty,  with  Come  frigates  and  fioo]^s.  Count 
d'E^ftaiug  had  twelve  ihips  of  the  line,  feme 
of  vvhich  were  of  great  force  and  ^a  eight. 

On  the  22d  of  July,  the  count  failed  from 
Sandy  Hook,  when  about  twenty  fail  of  vefl'els 
bound  to  New-Yoik  fell  into  his  poflefrion.— 
They  were  chiefly  prices  taken  from  tiie  Ame- 
ricans; but  had  he  flayed  a  few  days  longer. 
Admiral  Byron's  fleet  muft  have  fallen  a  de- 
fencelefs  prey  into  their  hands.  The  fquadrpT? 
held  met  vyith  unulua:!  bad  weather,  and  being 
feparated  in  different  florms,  and  lingering 
through  a  tedious  pnfTuye,  arrived  fcatfered, 
broken,  flcWy,  difrnafled,  or  otherwifedairaged 
in  various  degrees  of  diitrefs,  upon  different  and 
remote  parts  of  the  American  coaff.  Between 
the  departure  of  li'Eitaing  and  the  3©Th  of 
July,  the  Renown  of  50  guns  from  the  Wefl- 
Indies,  the  Railonable  and  Centurion  of  64, 
^ud  the  Cornwall  of  74  guns^  all  anivcd  (ingly 

at 


» : 


I     ft 


t   ■;■(■ 


ir 


1^  I, 


I  I 


v..  ... 

1 


■4'  r 


■'  ■  .'.■ 


Hvi 


<■>  i, 


Ai 


iK      ■    a    k'  Mi- 


H2    . 


.  The  History  of  . 


at  StUid'y  Hook.     By  d'Plftrjing's  fpeedy  ilepar. 
lure  I  luiuibcr  of  piovifion  fliips  frovii    Coi  k  ef- 


C4ii?pd  iilfo.  iu'jeih'.:r  witli  tiifcir  convjv 


'■TM 


ncy 


wrior  ua  v'u'  T'el  ivv'.ire  wjthm  fifty  miles  of 
PhJlailtripii'ia  nft  r  Lorrl  Howe  hai  qait^^'i  tn« 
river,  not  havii-*/  obtaineil  aav  irifcinirition  of 
"vthat  b;jd  h-ppiMic'd.  llie  Bri  tifhminillry  had 
nc^al^^Tr^^d  comneniianding  their  cicftinanon, 
though  orJ-;4*bior  li.c  evncuation  of  PhiladeU 
p'»:  *  had  been  iciit  oiF  fo  early,  as  t('i  have  aj» 
inif^od  of  their  receiving  frelli.  infiru^Slion? 
where  to  have  ft^ered  before  failijui*  Greai: 
rejoicings  were  made  at  New-York  upon  their 
fafcDrr"' v'al,  e(per.i.illy  as  pro^'ilions  were  iiiuch 
wanted  botli  by  the  fleet  and  ar;oy. 

Let  us  iiow  quit  riie  military    opperatio;is  tor 


-  s 


ICC  a  s'lew  o 


f  the  p 


tnon>a    ne« 


cone    iiieann»ir    to   avail 


the  pierctu  ami tak 

^poci.^.^^'oni,.      Go  ^.  |on( 

hiaiff  H  of  former  ronnrclions,  endeavoured  to 

corijnence  or  ren«".vv  a    y 

\vi?h  fevcral  meinbrrs  cf  crn~»r!'eis,    and  'other 


vivate  c()rre 


fpond' 


nee 


vT 


)f 


on-s  oi  cctn'uieinnon 


J I 


n^ 


his! 


etur  to  tncr 


he 


lifcd^^  freedom  v  irh  the  aifthority  m  dn    v.hich 
h :'  a ae d ,  u  u  r   cu lie* m  a r y    vv ;  t  h    t  h  o  ( ■:   tr.tr u  iud 


VJi 


ed 


( » e i  J 1^ a t e d    p o w e r ,  an 


d  alio  id  id  (lith  a  d 


gree  ol  ;ipj>robat)on  to  the  Aiciericansin  the  p:^li 


■iliia 


i<e  thev  had  ioadt,as  is  hldoiu    r/raniea 


/  n.^^jocintors  to  thin^op»M.)rcnts^  li\.:t  jetttr  to 


Ii 


I  jofeph  ^i.f  ed,  Ffcp  of  April  i  iih.  lie  faid  ^^  TV^ 


man.  vvhoca'>l'e  initumental  in 

h;i  r 


rn;iriUQ;  us  i:!i 


to  a<t  oner,  more  nj  harnior.y,  and  to  unite  to- 


gQtlwjr  the  various  pow^rfc  >^hich"  ikgjty  P" 


re 


ft 


htS 


4-- 


-v 


I'-^ 


■^. 


North  America. 


4H       > 


V 


hi»s  brought  forth,  will  deferveinore  from  the 
king  and  people,  from  patrioiifni,  huiuiiniiy, 
ai)d  all  the  tender  ties  that  are  afFt<^ed  by  the 
qunnei  and  reconcilacion,  than  ever  w»s  yet 
bcftovved  on  human  kind.^' 

On  the  J  6th  June,  he  wrote  toRobertMorru% 
Efq.  **  I  believe  the  men,  who  have  cordufted 
the  dffairs  of  America,  incapable  of  being  influ- 
enced by  improper  motives  ;butinall  fuch  tranf- 
aiflijons  there  is  rifle,  and  \  think  that  whoever 
ventures  fliould  belecured  ;  at  the  fame  time 
that  honor  and  emolument  fhould  naturally  fol- 
low the  lortuiie  of  thofe,  who  have  fleered  the 
vefTel  in  the  ftorm,  and  brought  her  fafely  to 
port.  I  think  that  Wafhington  and  the  pre- 
fident  have  aright  to  every  favour  that  a  grate*, 
ful  nation  can  befVow,  if  they  could  once  more 
unite  our  interefl,  and  fpare  the  miferies  and 
devaftations  of  war.** 

On  Sunday  the  21'flof  June,  Mr.  Reed  re* 
ceived  a  written  meffag^  from  Mrs.  Fergufon, 
c>q)reffing  a  delire  to  lee  him  on  bufinefs,  which 
could  not  be  committed  to  writing.  On  his  atr 
tending  in  the  evening,  agreeable  to  her  ap# 
pointnient,  after  fome  previous  converfatiotij 
ht  enlarged  upon  the  great  talents  and  amia<> 
ble  qualities  of  Gov.  Jojinftonc,  and  added,  that 
inievera'  converfations  with  her,  he  had  ex- 
prefFed  the  moft  favorabJc  lentiments  of  Mr* 
Reed  ;  that  it  was  particularly  wifhed  toeiigagc 
iiisintereit  to  promote  the  object  of  the  Brhifh 
commilTioners^  vizt  are-unionof  tfaetwo  couxu 

'%_%'       A  me5^ 


W  \ 


'■  *' 


,''m 


Ml 


fi 


i,ii'''i*il 


J'4 


T^tf  HlftTC^RY    cf, 


tries,  if  conffftent  with  his  principles  nr\S  fu^g. 
mcnt  ;  and  that  in  ihch  c?k  it  could  not  .)c 
deemed  unbecoming  or  i  in  proper  in  rhe  Britift 
government  to  ti'ke  a  favorable  notice  of  frith 
londud  ;  and  that,inthis  initnncc,  Mr.  }»etd 
might  hiveten  thonfend  pounds  fterling,  and  a« 
iiy  office  in  the  colontes  in  his  n)ajeiiy*s  gift. 

Mr.  He.fd,  finding  a»>  anfw^ r  was  exprilrd, 
replied,  **  I  rtm  not  v/cirth  purchaliirg  :  bur  futh 
as  1  am,  the  king  of  Great  Britain  is  not  rit  h  e- 
tioaghfo  do  i».'*  tlowev ft  right  .he  principles 
mignt  bfiJ,  on  v  hich  this  in ii auditing  fcheme 
Ofcottc'iliation  "Was  adopted,  itf.  (Effects  were  in- 
i^iical.     ■      ■  ^  •    \'\^'-^>^w  ■ 

On  the  9th  of  JuH^congrcfscrderrd,  ''That 
all  letter  s  recelTtd  by  mt'inher-of  ccrj^refsfrcm 
any  of  the  Britifl,  con^milhoncrs.or  their  agents, 
or  {rom  iny  fuKjtilof  the  king  0I  Great  Britain, 
of  a  pubic  nutnrc,  be  bid  before  congrefs.*' 
The  preceding  if^tters  bf/mg communicated,  and 
Mr.  Keed  makinp-  a  dtdar,  'on  of  what  had 
paffed  within  his  knowledge,  (Iionprtfs  refolv- 
^d,  ''  That  the  lame  cannot  be  confidered  but 
ds  direft  attempts  to  corrupt  and  brib<^*  the  con- 
grefs  ;  that  as  congrejs  feci,  fo  they  ought  to 
ceittontlrate,  the  highcit  and  nioft  pointed  indig. 
nation  againft  fnch  daring  and  atrocious  attempts 
to  corrOpt  their  integrity  ;  and  that  it  is  incom- 
patible with  the  honor  of  congrefs  to  hold  any 
inanncr  of  correipondence  or  intercourfe  with 
the  fatd  Georjg;e  Johnftcmc,  Efq.  efoeciallf  to 
nigdeiit^r  vyflth  him  upon  affairs  in  which  the 
€auftr  of  liberty  is  concerned."  The 


North  America. 


>i5 


The  proceedings  in  thisbufincfswere  CKpref- 
fd  rn  the  form  of  ?  declararicm,  acojiy  of  vJilch 
\\'.)H  ordere^i  to  be  fig;ncd  by  thr  prriicient,  ^id 
it'it  by  a  fl^g  to  the  cornmiffioners  at  N.  York. 

Thei'e  proceedings  produced  a  very  angry 
and  violent  declaration  from  Gov.  Jobntione, 
in  which  the  immediate  operations  of  paiEon  and 
(frfappointment  u  ere  too  coofpicuous.  The  lan^ 
guaj>e  of  his  ubhration  but  poorly  agreed  whh 
the  high  and  flaticring  compliments  he  had  ib 
lately  iavilhed  on  the  Amencaus  in  thofe  very 
letters,  which  were  the  fubjed  of  the  prefent 
content.  It  was  dated  the  26th  of  Auguft,and 
tranfmitted  to  ccmgrcfs  ;  together  wiib  a  de, 
daration  of  the  fame  date  from  Lord  CarliHe, 
Sir  Henry  Chnton,  and  Mr.  Eden,  which  went 
to  a  Iblemn  and  total  difavowai,  fo  far  as  rela- 
ted to  the  prefent  luhjet^,  of  their  having  bad 
any  knowledge,  dircdly  or  indire(!illy,  of  tlaofc 
matters  fpeciried  by  congrefs. 

Thus  were  all  hopes  of   further  negociatiori 
with  coTigrefs  at  an  ie'nd*     flad  Lord  North,  and 
the  reil  of  the  minidry  then  in    being    adopted 
thefe  corrupting  meafares  in  the  more  e^rly  part 
of  the  American  difj  utes,it  is  poflible  he  might 
ho?e  fucceeded   ;  but  to  attempt   it  at '^  tiiBc. 
[when  the  fnirits  of  the  Americans  v^erc   rjifcd 
jtothe  highefl  ]>«tch  by  their  new  alliar-<i-«>  with 
France^  was  furtly  little  iliort  of  folly  and  m^d* 
Inefs.  •  ,     ■     ■ 

On  the  6th  of  Augnft,  the  Hon.  Sleor  Ge- 
Iratd  v/as  introduced  to  the  congrefs^  in  cjuality 


'^■ii- 


■i 


i 


'I' 

*     i 


*1.'  > 


1' 


h 


' 


% 


I 


1 


I. 


r 


>., 


i 


*>  *        If   ' '  K 


1  ■ 


im  ■ 


j>6 


■"t...t- 


/', 


ri^  History  of 


of  niinifter  plenipotentiary,  who  produced  a 
Jetter  from  his  mailer  the  king  of  France  to  /;;> 
very  dear  great  frier}  ds  arid  ai  lies  ;  and  the  com. 
pUments  Monf.  Gerard  receiv^jd  oh  this  occafi. 
on,  were  vt^ry  differeitt  from  thofe  fentimcntfi 
the  Americans  lately  entertained  jof  their  mw 
faithful  allies  !  ^  ^./ 

On  the  1 4th  of  September,  congrefs  proceed- 
ed to  the  election  of  a  minilter  plenipotentiary 
to  the  court  of  France,  when  Dr.  Beniamin 
Frankhn,  was  cledredby  ballot.  His  inilruc 
tions  were  dated  the  26th  of  Odober,  and  by 
them  be  was  directed  to  obtain,  if  pofliblc,  the 
French  king's  confent  to  expunge  two  of  the 
articles  of  the  treaty  of  commerce.  I'he  doc. 
tor  was  CO  inculcate  the  certainty  of  ruining  ibe 
.BritiHi  fiihery  on  the  banks  of  Newfotindland, 
and  confequently  the  Britilh  marine,  by  rcdu- 
«;ing  HaJiifax  and  Qiiebcc. 

Memorable  events  recorded  in  this  Chatter^ 

j^nno  1 777* 
Count  Donop  rcpulfcd  in  the  attack  upon  Red 

Bank. 
Mud  Iflan^  reduced. 
Congrefs  receive  the  treaties  concluded  between 

France  and  the  United  Sutcs. 


«    'V 


*I^hc  Randolph  American  frigate  blown  up- 
Sir  Henry  Cliiiton  fiicceedsGen.  Howe  in  Amc- 


rica- 


TU 


North  America. 


tl7 


The  treaties  between  France  and  the  United 
States  ligned,        ' -:^'.' '-c-:  -^r.^i  ■     .r  f 

Lord  Norih's  conciliatory  propofitions. 

Med'.  Franklin,  Deane,and  I-.ee»  have  apublkp 

audience  at  the  French  court. 
Th^  Bririlhar#!y  evacuates   Philadelphia. 
Skirmiihes  bet  vt'en  the  Eglilhand    Americans. 
The  BiitiHi  forces  arrive  at  Sandy  Hook.  J?  -^ 
Gov-  Johnil(^ne    attempts  to  corrupt   certain 

n)eniberi>  o^  the  congrefe.     '  ^^- 
Dr.  FrankJin  lent  as  niinifler   to  the  court  of 


France. 


;  CHAP.  viir. 

THE  campaign  in  the  northern  ftates  hav- 
ingproduced  norhingadvantageous  to  the 
Britifli.  and  the  winter  ben)g  the  proper  feafoa 

'f'r  fcinhern  expeditions,  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
concJuiJed  upon  turning  his  arms  agai  it  Geor- 
gia* He  might  projjofc  tohimfelttbe  redudion 
of ''ill  the    fouthern  (tares,   and  he  ilrongly  in- 

[clined  to  it,  by  reafon  that  ihele  ibtes  produ- 
ccd  rl>e  n^oil  valuable  articles  of  comnitrce  for 

p'le  European  maiket,  ?nd  carried  on  a  confide- 
Table  export  trade,   which  appeared  no  ovlier- 

U'U'e.  nffeded  bv  the  wr.r,  than  as  it  inffereii  from 

mHc  Rritifli  truifcf^.  The  rice  was  devoted  to 
tile  rervicegf  its  encmiei;,  while  it  was  waoted 

p'^rthe  luppoi't  of   the  royj»l  Heet  and  arny  in 

l^m^xica.     A  pl:m  of  operations  wascotjctrred 

wiih 


'■"n 


i.  1 1< 


fr'i 


Sr  '» 


I  \'\ 


l\ 


m 


ff  i^  i ' 


,M 


5',!  ,y'  .p'. 


iiS 


?  T^^  History  0/ 


#v»' 


Act! 


;\vith  Gen.  Prevoft,  who  commanded  in  Er.ft 
Flr-rida  ;  and  it  was  intended,  ih.it  Georgia 
fliouldbe  invaded  both  on  the  north  and  fcjihl 
lides  at  the  lame  tnae. 

This  expedition  was    coninmted  to  Coionell 
Campbell,  and  the  foices  jippointed  to  adt  lender 
him  amounted  to  full  2500^  which    failed  frcm 
,  Sandy  Hook;  on  the  27th  of  November,  being 
cfcorted  by  a  fmall  fquadron  under  ComnjoJcrel 
Hyde  Parker.     The  iieet  arrived  at  the  ifie  ofl 
Tibee,  ncir  the  mouth  of  the  Savannah,  aiiclf 
on  the  2Qth  o^'  Oc  cumber,  the  troops  effe^ed  a 
landing.      1  luy   were  no  fooner  Unded,  th<i[i 
they  were  led    to  attack    the  fort,   which  the] 
Britilh  perfi'led  iu  with  to  much  fpirit    and  ra.| 
pidity,  ihat  tlje  Americans  retreated  with  pre- 
cipitation    and  diforder.     No  victory  wis  ever| 
more  complete  :   thirty -eight  officers^    and  4^5 
noil   commiOTioned    and    privates,  48  pieces  of 
cannon,  13  mortars,  the  fort  with  its  ammuni- 
tion and  (tores,  the  ihipping  in  the  river, a  larj/e] 
fjuantity  of  provifions,  with  the  capital  of  Ge. 
orgia,    were   all   within    the    Ip^ce    of    a  iew 
h(  urs,  in  tfie  poinrinon  of  the  Britilh  troops. 

The  30th  of  December  was  appointed  as  a| 
thankfgiv^ingday,  by  order  of  congrefi.  Thei 
itffiirs  of  the  United  States  were  at  this  period 
in  a  moit  diftrefTed,  dcplor^'ble,  and  ruiroas 
condition.  Itilenefs,  difTipation,  and  extrav.i. 
gancc,  fef  me<'  to  have  engrofled  the  attniiion 
of  the  ),j;en€rality  of  the  Anierican  fons  of  liber- 
ty }  'dUii  felf.intereft^  Ipeculaiion,  and  an  inla-| 

tiabic 


North  America. 


119 


Lble  third  for  riches  appeared  to  have  got  the 
[better  of  every  other  coniideration,  and  almoft 
of  c'/ery  order  of  rnen.  Parry  difputes  and  per- 
fonal  qiurrels  were  too  much  the  general  ob- 
liecl:^  while  the  momentous  concerns  of  the  em- 
pire, a  vail  accumulated  debt,  ruined  finances^ 
depreciated  nioney,  and  want  of  credit,  which 
n.uuraJly  brings  on  the  want  of  every  thing, 
jwere  i>ui.Tecoiid  aiy  confiderations,  and  poltpon- 
y  by  congrefs  from  time  to  time,  ;ts  if  their 
alfiirs  \\  ere  in  the  molt  flouriiliing  fituativ)n.-— 
1  he  paper  ciirrency  in  Philadelphia  was  daily 
linking,  and  Jit  length  even  \q  low  is  fifry  per 
\ct\it,  yet  an  affembly,  a  concert,  a  dinner,  or 
flipper,  which  coit  two  or  three  hundred 
poiiiids,  did  not  only  take  men  ofFfrom  ading, 
bui:  even  from  thinking  of  what  ought  to  have 
hfvi  ut'irell  their  hearts.  Some  of  the  m oft 
(ili'Uerei^ed  and  patriotic  Americans  fe^t  more 
(iiftrefs  from  this  review  of  things,  than  they 
Iliad  done  at  any  other  time,  from  tlie  difappoSnt- 
Inients  and  loffes  in  the  courfe  of  the  war. 

III  the  mean  tirue,  Mons-  Gerard,  the  French 
liinbalCtdor,  maiiifefted  a  defire,  that  the  war 
ivighr  not  be  prolongedby  toe  high  and  unrea- 
iutiible  demands,  and  that  the  United  States 
would  rednce  their  ultimatum  as  low  «s  pdlTible. 
He  (trongly  recommended  moderatiouN  a«  the 
fate  of  war  was  uncertain  ;  and  he  hinted,  that 
a  c!eci(ive  naval  engagement  in  favour  of  the 
Bririlh,  might  give  a  great  turn  to  theira  flairs. 

ThtJ  South-Caroj'ua  delegates,  rathar  with 

'■    -a 


i 


■;  V 

■vl. 

>•  i 

m 

i  i 

i 

i 

» 

i^% 


120 


The  History  of 


''''"Ik 


1 


i!( 


m 


*,  ,1 


li 


<i,:  .> 


*  '\ 


Si  View  to  conqueft,  than  from  any  fpccivil  apJ 
prehtnfion  of  clanger  to  their  own  or  neigh, 
boiuiilg  Hates,  from  the  troops  under  General! 
Clinton,  requelled  tlie  Congrcis  to  .'ippoinc 
Gen.  Lincohi  on  whofe  charac^ter  they  juftly  re. 
pofcd  great  confidence,  to  the  command  of  all 
the  forces  to  the  fouthward.  \  Accordingly  tlicy 
made  the  appointment  on  the  2^th  of  beprefr,-. 
ber,  and  ordered  him  immediately  to  repair  to 
Charleitown.  .  -a^s-;.;  ^.:::'^'^"  >  '■•^^'■•'  *v' ,..?.-;! 

On  the  2d  of  March,  the  American  ciiicer 
of  the  day  reported,  that  reconnoitring  parries 
if  the  enemy's  horfc  and  toot  had  been,  ieeii 
within  their  piquet  the  nirht  preceding.  Gen, 
Aihe,  who  hid  crolfed  the  Savannah,  \A.ith  a- 
bout  1200  troops,  beiides  ic  o  light  hori'e,  re- 
turned on  the  evening  of  the  llune  d.iy  io  his 
camp.  In  ihort,  the  condncl  of  Gen.  Alhe  Wits 
ib  pu.dlanimoiis,  that  he  m^ide  no  preparations 
to  impede  the  march  of  the  Hritiih,  -diu],  foon 
after  their  appearance,  he  and  his  troc^ps  fled 
with  precipiranun,  wiihout  firing  a  ^^un. 

In  the  moioth  of  M?y  Sir  Henry  Clinton  dit- 
parchcd  Sir  George  Colhtr  ^nd  Gen.  Maiilievv.^ 
with  about  unoo  men,  befjdes  5C0  marine.?,  to 
niake  a  defcent  upon  Virginia.  1  hey  jailed 
for  Portf mouth  \t\  that  province^  and  upon 
their  arrival  landed  their  troops  at  a  diftance, 
then  0ian:hed  and  took  innnediate  pj^flUiion  of 
the  town,  \vhi<  h  was  defer.ce lei's-  1  he  rt trains 
of  Norf»)lk.  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  river, 
fell  of  cguiic  into  thcir hands*    On  tlie  i'lpproat.h 

ot 


rt 


f^.' 


/  V   \- 


)  K 


J  V 


a  ■; . 


>36rth  America* 


lit. 


'■~t 


pccial   ap. 
I  or  neigh. 
er  Gener-rtl] 
CO    iippointl 
y  juftly  re. 
nand  uf  all| 
din gly  they 

0  repair  to 

lean  dKir.tx 
ring  partit:-: 
d  been,  leen 
ing.  ^^w* 
h,  v.ith  a- 
.  hoii'e,  re. 
dciy  io  his 
I.  Aihe  \v;ts 
epa  rations 
,  ami,  fonn 
trcH>ps  fled 

un. 

ilinton  dif- 
MaTtlievvs 

jarine.>,  to 

[hey   l.iilcd 

and  upon 

diftance, 

Jf^ftUiion  of 

be  r-M  *'U'^is 

the  rivci', 

^nnruat:h 
*  *  c 


oi  the  fleet  and  afmy,  the  Amfricans  burnt  fe-j 
verai  veiFels,  others  were  iaved  and  polliffTed  hf^ 
the  Britifh.     The  guards  were  pufhed  forwards 
eighteen  miles  by  night  to  Snlfoik,  where  they 
arrived  by  day  light  and  proceeded  to  deilroy  a 
inanjazme  of  proviiions^  together  with  the   VefV 
fels  and  uaval   itofes  found   there.     A  fimilar^ 
deftrucVion    was  carried  on  ac   other  places,  in 
that  quarter,  nor  were  the  frigates  and  armed 
veiTcls  lefs  a6:iv^e  or  fxiccefsful  iu  tiieir  fervice^ 

Within  theforrnighc  than  the  fleet  and  artTiV 
|coniinded  upon  the  coaft,  the  lofs  of  the    Ame- 
ricans was  prodigious.      Abox^e  130  veiTelsbfal! 
ibrts,  including  fome  privatf^^,  and    dnips  of 
force,  were  duilroyed  or  t;i]«l*nby  thein  ;  fe^^eTi- 
teen  prizes  were  brought   away,  befides  3000 
bo^^^lheads  of  tobacco,  which  fell  mto  their  pof* 
fjiiioa  at  Portirr  >uth.     Except  the  honte  of  a 
Iwidow  and  the  chtrrch,  thtYbnrnt  ever3-  houfe 
iiiSulfolk,  anil  all  the  principal  houiei,  of  gen- 
tlemen in  this  route  (hared  th«  fcime  fate. 
On  the  30th  of  May,  the  troops  %vere  joined 
toothers  going  up  the  North  river   to  att.»ck 
thepoftof  Stoncy  Point  and  Veiplflnk,    wher*  ' 
liie  Americans  had  begun  to   condrulb  ihvng 
orks,  for  keeping  the   lower  cormiunricittioti* 
in  between  the  eaftern  and  foutheni    ltates» 
in.  Vaughan  larided  with  the  greater  pal-t  oti 
'beall  fide,  while  the  reniainder,  accom{>ani*.d[ 
Sir  Henry    Clinton,    advanced  farther  up^ 
ndedon  the  welt  fide,  and  rook   poirefHon   m 
'ti>ney  i*aiiit  without  oppolition*     Diredtly  op- 

L  .  pofuc, 


^^ 

'; 

\\ 

4ii 

k*' 

IP 

V^:  ; 

k 

I.:. 

A 


i 


.i,  i' 


222 


Thd  HlbTOJcY  of 


i? 


I-V 


'  ii.  i    1 


1  .11 


«■  ■ 


pofite,  the  Americans  had  completely  finifiieili 
a  ftrongfort,  which  was  djefended  by  four  pie^ 
ces  of  artillery ,^  and  a  g^rrifon  of  about  feven- 
;ty  men.  Biit  it  was  commanded  by  Staney. 
Point  ;  to  the  fummitof  whofe  rocks  cannon  & 
mortars  were  dragged  up  during^  the  night— 
By  five  in  the  morning,  a  battery  wa^  opened^ 
>vhich  poured  a  ftorm  of  lire  on  the  fort,  while 
Vaughan  with,  his  di^iljoo,  made  a  long  circuit 
by  the  lidesof  the  bill?,  arrived  and  cloiiely  irr. 
vfifted  it  by  land.  The  garrifon,  finding  chem- 
felves  totally  overpowered,  Icirrendered  them:, 
felves  prifoners  of  war.  By  the  lols  of  thefc 
polls,  the  Jerfey  people  wereobligeti  to  inak«ea 
circuit  of  about  ninety  miles  under  rJic  momi. 
tains,  to  communicate  with  the  iiatej  eaft  cf 
H'u df on 's  river. 

*After  the  French  had  taken  Grenada^  and 
apd  Count  d'Ellaing  was  lying  with  his  fteetat 
Cape  Francois,  he  received  letters  from  Gov. 
Rutledge,  Geo.  Lincoln,  the  Fr«nch  confuJ  at- 
Ch.'irleftown,  and  others,  urging  him  to  vifitl 
the  Am.eriican  coail,  aad  proposing  an- a  track  np- 
on  Savannah.  The;  general  engaged  to.  joid 
him  with  a  thoufand  men  certain,  a>nd  proixui^d[ 
that  evc^y  exertion- il¥>uld  be  made  to  increaft 
the  number.  The  applieation  coinciding  witb| 
the  king's  inftriKlions,  to  ad  in  concert  wii 
the  forces  of  the  United  States,  whenever  occa- 
fionprefented  ittejf^  he  failed,  ior  tljeAmericai 
continent  within  a  hnv  days  after  it  was  r«?ceiy« 
€d^    Oa  the  lit  of  September,,  Coant  d^Ei 

taini 


«ing.a] 
Hne,  tv 
The' Sip 
of  Sou  c 
peeled  fc 
of  war, 
mender 
No  iboi 

the  Cou 
-ed  with 

troops  I 

aJCo  (rjv 

^ta  miht 
iame  pl« 
in  prepa 

The 
fpentfo 
ar  laft  c 
Acrordi 
was  fi,?e 
■nor  the 
cefs. 

Two 

litia,  ani 
on  the  $ 
traops,  ( 
^'^'wn  m 
Gen.  t»i 
w^th  gi 

from  th* 
into  coit 


North  Amkrica. 


123 


»ing  arrived  with  a  fleet  of  twenty  fail  of  tlie 
Hn«,  two  of  fifty  gofis,  and  eleven  frigates— 
Thcappearance  of  the  Prenth  fleet  on  the  cnafls 
of  S en th- Carolina  and  Georgia  wa«  fo  unex- 
pected by  the  Britifh,  that  the  Experiment  man 
of  war,  of  fifty  gunSj  Sir  James  Wallace,  com- 
in^nder,  and  three  frigates,  were  captured. — 
Noibcaner  wask  known  at  Charleflown,  that 
the  Count  was'on  thecoaft,  than  Lincoln  march- 
-ed  with  all  expe<lition  for  Savannah,  with  rlite 
troops  under  his  command  ;  and  orders  w^re 
aKo  given  for  the  South-Carolina  and  Gcor- 
-gla  militia  to  rendezvous  immediately  near  the 
i  a  me  place.  The  Britilh  wei'e  equally  diligeat 
in  preparing  for  their  defence. 

The  Fremh  an-d  Americans,  after  having 
fpcntfom€  time  inmaking  regular  a«pproT,ches 
4r  laift  xiet-errained  to  take  the  place  by  fidrm- 
Actordingly  the  morning  of  the  9th  of  Odober 
was  fii^ed  for  the  attack,  and  neither  the  French 
•nor  th«  A^iericans  had  the  leaft  doubts  of  fuc- 
cefs. 

Two  ftnnts  W'cre  made  \vith  the  countrv  mi- 
litia, and  a  real  attack  a  little  1  efore  daytight, 
m  the  Spring-  hill  battery,  with  3,^0  French 
trdop?,  600  con^inf'ntals,  &  350  of  the  Charlef- 
fn-wn  militia,  hea4ed  by  Count  d'E/ftaing  and 
(tcw.  Unccln.  They  marched  up  tt*  the  lines 
w^ih  great  boldncfs  ;  but  a  heavy  and  well  di- 
reAed  fire  from  the  batteries,  arid  a  crofs  fire 
from  t^i*  gallies  threw  the  fr6nt  irftSe  column 
into  coitfUJion .     Two  ftandards^  Jiowevcr,  one 

an 


if* 


'.;■■  a 


Wf' 


;:'.  k--^- 


»;,v  ■ 


«.i 


lyH 


U: 


m 


J'! 


It; 


f^i 


124 


r/;^  History  0/ 


an  American,  were  planted  cjn  the  Britifh  rr. 
doubts.  Count  Pulaiki  at  the  htad  of  200 
hovremcn,  was  in  full  gallop,  riding  into  town 
between  the  redoubts^  with  au  intent  of  ciiarg* 
Aug  in  the  rear,  when  he  received  a  tnoical 
^  wo  and.  A  general  retreat  of  the  aSailams 
took  place^  alter  they  had  ftood  the  eipemy's 
Ere  for  fifty -five  minutes.  D'EAaing  received 
two  flight  wounds,  637  of  histroc^s^  and  234 
of  the  continentals,  were  killed  or  wounded*-^ 
Ofthe^co  Charledon  militia  who  were  in  the 
hoteil  of  the  firt,  only  (ix  were  wounded,  SLnda 
;  tfiptaiit  killed.  Gen.  Prevoft  and  Major  Mon- 
crieff  dcfervedly  acquired  great  re|Hitatioii  by 
their  iuccef^ful  defence.  There  were  m^t  ten 
gutls  mounted  on  the  lines  when  the  eneQi|  firft 
appeared,  and  in  a  few  days  the  nqqibcrexceel- 
ed  eighty.  The  garri'fon  wa^  between  two  ^b<I 
.  three  thoufnnd,  inclydinjr  150  inilirJ^.  The 
damage  it  fuftained  was  trifling  as  the  menfi/ed 
iinder  cover,  and  few  of  the  aflailams  lired  at 

Let  us  now  fee  what  the  northern  army  was 
doing.  In  the  middle  of  Decen.ber,  a  part  of 
Gen.  Walhington's  airny  was  without  bread  ; 
and  tor  the  reit  he  had  not,  either  on  the  fpot 
or  within  reacli,  a  fnpply  fuificient  for  foitr  days. 
Both  officers  and  men  were  almoft  periihing 
through  v^'antiora  fortnight.  The  deficiency 
proceeded  from  the  abfolute  empiinefs  pf  the  A- 
merican  magazines  in  every  pla^e,  and  the  total 
w  ant  of  oxon^y  ^afl  credit  to^  replenifiiL  chem — - 

■^'   "■'"  So 


NonTH  America. 


■>- 


^s 


pothat  the  general  wa^  obiig^ecl  to  call  upon  the 
inaQ;:flrat«?so'' the  Jf  ^'ky   ft.itt%  to  ^Kprefs   his 
ji[a^i:ioa  to  Ciiem,  and  to  declare  in  pLiia  terms, 
thjt  he  and  his  arjny  were  reduced    lo    rhe  aW^ 
ternative  of  dilbanding  or   cat.eiinc;  for  them- 
Ifelves,  ivnlefs  the  inhabJtants  would  afford  them 
aid.    Jle  piloted  ro  each  county  a  certain    pro- 
portion of  flour  or  grain,  and  acer'ain  number  _. 
of ci trie  to  he  drliver^d  on  certain  days.     To 
thehon(^rof  the  magiflrates,  and  the  got)d  dif* 
loiitioas  of  die  people,  be  it  added,    that  thelc 
Irecjuificions  werepundirually  coniphed  with,  and 
|iiiinany  counties  exceeded.  ;  ?:•    ^^^^rv? 

But  to  retin'ii  to  the  fouihern   armie  .     On 
[the  3cth  C/f  March,  1780,  Admiral  ArhuthnoC,^^ 
Ivith  a  final]  fleet  crofled  the   b;u*,   in    front  of 
iRebcUion  road,    and  anchored  in  five  fuhom 
iHole.   The  American  fleet  retrea'.ed  to jp ha rlef- 
Itown,  and  the  crews  and  guns  of  all  the  v el- 
Ifels,  except  the  Ranger,  were  put  on  fliore  to 
Ireinforce  the  batteries.     Eefore  the  Americans 
[had  taken  this  Hep,  they  ihould  have  confider- . 
ed,  whether  the  ihips  were  able  to  defend  the* 
)ar,  and  Jhould  have  fent   them  ofF,  when  they^ 
fourid  it  i:?)pr^cti  cable.    .,ki.>f^jv  ."■•/, 

Or  thiMith   of  April,  the   Britifh  opei^cdrv^j: 
th:ir  b  ttferies  np-ain(t  Charlef^own,  and  a  co^i-^/ 
pjK  tire  V.  as  k^?pt  Uj)  between  both  parties  un*  -• 
[1  the  20th.     On  rhe  i8ih  cf  April,  Sir  Henry    ; 

iirroii  received  a  reinforcement  of  300'"  m^    ' 
[roni  New   York  ;   and   on- the  .i2rh   of  May^ 
'wn.  Lincoln,  after   having  made  the  moil:  n*  . 

L  2   '^"■'^-  -■■o-^-'v'v^'^vv-^-  gore  us 


■1  • 


r   ''  '  1 


'\-     >''i< ' 


ili 


Thi  History  ♦/ 


^ 


'( 


i<:v. 


n'M 


W 


•iu 


V'^ 


!    .- 


,1  k 


"I  if. ,-■*/! 


jorous  defence  he  was  cspable  of,  \va^  obliged 
tocapitulace-     It  was  liipulated,  that  the  CiMjti- 
iiental   troops  and   iailr:  o  f;  uulci   j  ( rjia]n  pnlo- 
nersof  war  until  exchi^rged,  and  be  provided 
^ith  good  and    v/holtforiie    proviiions^   in  luch 
quantities  as  m  ere    itj  veci   out    to   the    Bricift 
troops.     7  he  niilitia  v  ere  to   rtturn  hcnicasj 
prifoncrs  on  parole,  whicli,  as  lorgas  they  ob- 
fcrvec,  was  to  fecure  them  ti  om  being  njolcikdj 
in  their  property  by  the   Britilh    tnoj.s.     'i  he 
ojSicers  of  the  army  and  navy  ^^e^e  to  keepthtirl 
fwofds,  piftcls,    and    b;*ggage,    which  Jalt  jw-as! 
Xiot  to  be  iearthed  ;  but   iheir  hoifcs  were  iiot| 
to  go  out  of  town    but   njight  be  dilpofed  ol  by  a| 
perfon  left  for  the  purpt»le.     1  he  garrifon,  at  I 
an  hour   appointed,  was  to  njarcli  onr  of  the 
town  to  the  groun(!  between  the  works  of  the! 
place  and  the  cinctl,  where  they  v  ere  to  dcpdit 
their   arms.      1  he   drums    were  not  to  beatal 
Britifh  march,  nor  the  colours  to  be  uikaled. — 
All  civil  officers  and  citizens,  who  had  borne 
arijis  during  the  liege,  vieie   to  be  jrifontrs 
oil  parole  ;   and  viih  refptcl  to  their  propertyl 
inthiec:iry,  they  were  to  haveihcfcin^e  ternuas 
the  militia  ;  and  all  oiht-r  pcrfonsin  the  tovn,| 
hot  delcribcd  in  any  article,  were  norv^ithftand-j 
ing  to  be  prifor.ers  upon  ]:frole. 

Tike  c:jpii*.l  having  lurvendered,  the  rextj 
obje^  of  the  Britilh  \  ;{s  lo  fecure  tlie  general 
iubmiliion  of  the  inhc'jbii:af?£.  Wiih  this  \.ew 
t^iey  pcfled  garriU^ns  in  ditftrenr  p.'i rts  C)f  the 
i?ouiy^^yn,aiiitl  marched  a  J«r^  bcdy  cl  tittfs| 
-.  ■''■'^'  ;.  over 


North  America. 


V  »t- 


127 


over  the  Santec,  fowards  the  cxtreiuity  of  the 
ftrite,  which  borders  on  the  molt  populous  parts 
of  North  Carolina.  This  occaiio.ned  the  re- 
treat ot  fome  Ad  erit  :in  ;»arties,  who  had  advan- 
ced into  the  uppCi*  pari  of  South-Carolina,  in 
cjcpedcuion  of  relieviog  Charleftown.  Among 
the  corps  which  had  come  fbrward  with  that 
view,  tiiere  was  one  coniifting  of  about  300  con-  , 
tinentals,  the  rear  of  the  Virginia  line  com- 
manded by  Col-  Buford.  Tarleion,  with  about 
700  horfe  and  foot,  was  fent  in  qutit  of  this  par* 
ty.  Having  mounted  his  infantry,  he  marched 
105  miles  in  fifceen  hours,  came  up  with  them' 
H  the-Waxhaws,  and  demanded  their  furrcnd- 
cr  on  ternjs  fimilar  to  thole  granted  to  the  con- 
tinentals at  Charlcitown.  While  the  flags  were 
pailing  ;^nd  repaying  on  thisbufmefs,  Tarlcton 
kept  his  men  in  jnotion,  and,  when  the  truce 
was  ended,  had  nearly  furrounded  hisadverfa- 
ries.  An  a(flion  inftantly  enlued,  when  the  con- 
tinental party,  havirg  partaken  of  the  general 
conflernation  occafioned  by  the  Britifh  fuccef- 
fes,  made  but  a  feeble  refiftance,  and  begged  for 
quarter,  A  few,  however,  continued  td  fJre- 
The  Britifli  cavalry  advanced,  but  w^re  not 
oppofed  by  the  main  body  of  che  contineritals, 
^ho  conceived  thcmfelves  precluded  by  their 
fubmiilion.  Thr^  act  idertal  firing  of  the  fcv/ , 
was  an  argument,  however,  for  ciire^^ing  the 
Britifh  Irgon  to  charge  thofe  who  had  laid 
down  tleirarms.  In  confequence  of  this  order 
tie  unrelilling  AmerJcanS;  praying  for  quarters 

.  were 


^L 


\<< 


y 


i^^ 


i^^ytn*-'  ».■>*% 


1'  -«^- 


128 


Thi:  History  of 


.1^1 


i'^:v. 


I' I 


m 


!«  ■: 


«,  i 


were  cut  in  pieces.  By  Tarleton's  official  at. 
countof  thjs  telouily  icane,  113  vcrg  killed,  (;o 
badly  woundecf,  unable  to  travel,  and  left  on 
parole,  and  53  made  piiloners,  while  they  made 
filch  iocffVctuil  oppoiirion  as  only  to  kdl  feveu 
and  wouiid  twelve  of  t her  Britifli.  Lord  Corii- 
wallis  bellowed  011  Taih-ion  the  hiirheft  cimo- 
n^iurns  for  this  enterprize,  and  recomniei.Lled 
him  in  a  Ipecial  manner  to  royal  favor  and  pa. 

The  expecled  fuccors  at  length  arrived  from 
France,  on  the  evening  of  the  loth  of  July,  ax 
Rhode.lfland.  'I'hc  Chevalier  de  1  ernay  com. 
manded  the  fleet,  which  confiO:ed  of  tv\o  Ihips 
of  eighty  ^nins,  one  of  74,  four  of  64,  a  bomb 
1  eiTel,  and  32  tranfport  .  Tue  land  forcer  con- 
iSexi  of  four  old  rcoimcnts,  befides  the  legion 
de  Laiizun,  and  a  bjtealion  of  artillery,  amount- 
ing to  about  6000  men,  under  the  comuiaiid  of 
Lieut-  Gqv."  Count  de  llochambeau. 

About  the  time  that  Charleftown  furrender- 
fd,  Sir  H.  Clinton  received  inielligeuce^  that 
a  large  number  of  forces  and  a  French  fl^^er, 
comniandcd  by  Mouf.  Ternay,  might  foon  be 
expC'fled  on  the  Avne;ican  coail.  This  iruhiced 
hira  to  reimbark  for  New  York,  leaving  Lord 
iftirnwalliR  with  about  40Q0  men,  which  were 
dc.cnied  fuUy  (uiiicier»t  for  his  purpofes. 

On  the  4th  of  September  wus  finned  the  plan 
of  1  treaty  of  connnerce  between  the  lijtes  of 
Holland  and  the  United  Stares  of  America. 
Moiii".  dc  Ncufville,  being  properly  authorized 

^  •-•''■v^v  -...■,,      br 


■w'. 


North  America. 


,iV  *»-:''"^ 


12 


m  the  regency  of  Amfterclam,  engaged,  that  as 

jlongas  America  ibould  not  ad  contrary  to  the 
interel^  of  the  ftatesof  Holland,  tlieciryof  Arn- 
fterdam   would  never   adopt  any  meaiure  that 

pight  rend  to  oppofe  the  inierelt  of  America  ; 
bur  would,  on  the  coiurary,  ufe  all  its  influence 
upon  the  Itates  of  ihe  feven  United  Provinces 
of  Holland,  to  effc6t   the   defired   conneclion. 

[This  bufinefs  was  coiiduded  by  Mr-  Adams  on 

[the  part  of  America*.  .    v 

Lord  Cornwallis  went  on  fuccefsfully  h; 
South>Caro)ina.  On  the  i6th  of  Anguit  he 
engjtged  the  fortes  under  Gen-  Gates,  and  com- 

[pletely  routed  them  afte^  a  lopg  and  obflinaie 
conteft.  Gen.  Gates  w^s  borne  ufl  the  field  by 
atarrent  of difmayed  militia.  They  conilitiued 
fo  great  a  part  of  his  army,  that  when  he  law 

Itheni  break  and  run  with  ruchprecfc.ntation,  he 

lloft  every  hope  of  vi«5h)ry  ;  i^wd  his  only  care 

I  was,  if  pofTibley  to  rally  a  fufiicient  number  to 
cover  the  retreat  of  the  other  troops.  He  re. 
tirea  with  Gen.  C.^f^*ell  to  Clermont,  in  hope  of 
halting  them:  in  their  late  encampment ;  but 
the  further  they  fled,  the  n)ore  they  oliiptrfed, 
Jind  the  generals  giring  up  all  as  loft,  le tired 

[with  a  few  attendants  to  Charlotte. 

The  Americans  loft  eight  field  pieces,  the 
whole  of  their  al^tiliery;  with  :\\l  their  ?mmu-^ 

mn6n  waggons,  befkies  i  to  others/ att4*^con- 
fiderablc  quantity  of  military  ltoifts|i^ind!  the 

IpreatRft  part  of  their  baggage*  i^^hefJiD^mbers 

[ilain  cannot  be  precifely  afcerUiDed^  no  returns 

of 


■^M 


m 


'  *  j'l'V 


'■)'■ 


,  i'l 


^« 


rs 


130 


The  History  of 


■■<  >•■ . 


of  the  miliria  ever  being  made  after  thcaffion  ;| 
but  it  isfuppoled,  that  the  Americans  ioit  aboi 
700  on  this  OGcafion.  Tiiough  CornAvallis^i 
vidory  was  complete,  yet,  from  the  account  tl 
Britifh  f  ^^e  of  the  adion,  it  njay  be  inferrcdfl 
tJiat  it  was  dearly  boi^ht,  ppwards  of  500 
their  own  troops  being  killed  or  wounded. 
'  A  minute  reprclcntation  of  the  retreat  of  rh< 
Ainericaiis  from  Charlotte  to  Salisbury,  wou|( 
be  the  image  of  complicated  wretchedndsi 
Care,  ^nxje^ty,  pain,  humiliatioa,  And  deJ€<3:ionJ 
poverty,  hurry  and  confulion,  ipr.omifcuoull 
jnarked  the  ihocking  fcene.  PainfuJ  object^ 
^refented  themfelves  to  view  •  ieveral  niei 
V'ithout  an  .arm,  lame  with  b\it  one.,  and  manj 
itanding  in  need  of  the  mod  kind  and  powerfii^ 
,;ifl?ftancc. 

Lord  Cornwallis,  notwithftanding  bis  vifl< 
ry,  was  reilrained  for  t()rne  time  from  purfuinj 
his  conqueiis,  by  the  lofs  he  h  ad  fpliiixved  '  ^  th< 
battle,  the  extreme  heat  of  the  we^ither,  rb( 
lickllners  of  the  feafon,  and  the  wani  of  n-ectfla 
ry  lupplies :  he  therefore  remained  at  C^Mubden* 

In  the  month  of  ^ptei|rt>er,  a  difce>very  <i^ 
ti»f  ,ucmo;ft  importance  was  made  which  was 
Icheme  for  delivering  Weft- Point  into  the  h8nd« 
of  Sir  Henry  Clinton-  Gen.  Arnold,  \vhoha( 
xhe  command  of  that  poft,  was  brave  but  mer- 
cenary^ fond  of  parade,  and  extremely  defirous 
©f  acqukmg  money  to  defray  the  cx^nccs  -of  it* 
Wben  he  ^.ircred  Philadelpiiia  after  the  evaru- 
a,{i#»,  ^  mf^A  t^'^v,  Pemi's,  the  beil  houfc  it 

it 


■>' 


NoRTM'  America. 


t  ■■■» 


13K 


r  thcadion  :| 
ms  loit  aboi 

Cornwall  is' 
le  account  t 


lit,  his  head  quarters.     This  he  fui^nin-jed  in  a 
[very ' coftly  manner,  and  lived  in  a  ftile  far  be- 
jyond*  his  income.     He  continued  his  extrava- 
^^^„^    —p^^  conrfe  of  living,  was unfuccefsful  intradti' 

be  infmcdJ^^^^^''^^'^^^'^''"^'  his  lunds  were  exhaurted,  and 

^ds  of  CDo  flftjs  creditors  importunate,  while  his  luft  for  high 

ounded-    ^hfc'^^'^s  not  in  the  lealiabntcd.     He  had  exhi- 

retreat  of  rhJ^^^^  heavy  accounts  and  demands  againft  the 

ibury   woul JP"^^^'^^  and  the  commiirioners,  upon  examitia- 

^tbn,  reje\5led  abt>ut  orie  half  of  thef  amount. 

'He  appealed  to  congrefs,  and  a  committee  was 

appointed,  who  were  of  opinion,  that  the  com. 

milHoners  had  allowed  more  than  the  general 

had  a  right   to  expect  or  demands     This  proi 

Toked   him  lo  outrageous  expreffions  and  pro- 

ceedings.     Difgulled  9t  the  treatment  he  bad 

met  with,  cmbarrafled  in  his  circumilances,  and,; 

having  a  growing  expenfive  family,  hetumeil 

hs  thoughts  towards  bettcrhig  his  circumflan. 

ces  by  new  means.     In  1779,  a  correfpondence 

comficnced  between  Gen.  Arnold  and  Major 

Andre,  adjutant-general  to  the  Biritifh  army, 

anting  young  officer  of  great  hope  and  merit. 

For  the  fpeedy  completion  of  the  negociation^ 
that  vjzs  carfying  on  becweefi  Sir  Henry  and 
Gen,  ArnoIJ,  the  Vulture  flobp  of  war  was  ita- 
tioned  in  the  North- River,  at  fuch  a  cliltancc 
ffom  the  American  pofts,  as,  without  excitifij 
ill  (pic  ron,  would  ferve  for  the  necefTary  commu- 
meationi  Before  this,  a  written  correfpondence 
throu;^h  other  channels,  had  been  mainisineil 
betwtcn  Arnold  and  Andre 'at  New.Y«rrk^  wi- 
der the  names  cf  Guftavus  and  Andciion. 


rretchednef^ 
nd  dejedion 
r.omifcuoul 
infill  objeci 
feveral  rie 
\e,9  and  man 
\nd  powerfii 


'•A 


ig  his  vi61 
on\  purfuin 
tti^ned  '  -.  th 
ve^ther,  th 
lit  of  necf  fli 
H  C.Muhden 
difcovery  6 
which  was 
to  the  hflnj 
Id,  u'hoha 
'e  but  men 
ely  de(5rou 
^nces  t4'it 
rhe  tvM\} 
:il  kmic  i 


■5 


h  > 


^'1' 


15X 


A    Jl!ir,HlSTpRY    (/ 


:tN    >" 


:iv:lf^ 


u>% 


Ji' 


Jvi  if«i  i 


On  tlie  2ift  of  Septen  ber,  tJie  neccffary  ar 

rargements  being  made,  3  boat  was  lent  at  nigh 
from  the  lliore  to  the  Vulture,  to  fetch  Major| 
Andre,  which  broMght  him  to  the  beach  wich« 
out  the  polls  of  either  army,  where  he  met  Ar 
Hold.     The  major  continued  with  him  during 
the  day  following,  and  at  night,  the  boatman 
refufing  to  condud  him  back  to  the  Vulture, 
which  had   ihifted  her  polition,  as  flie  lay  expo- 
fed  to  the  fir^  of  a  cannon  fent  to  annoy  her,  be 
was  obliged  to  concert  his  efcape  by  land-     He 
quitted  his  uniform,  which  he  had  hitherto  worn 
under  his  furtout,  for, a  common  coat.     He  was 
fqrniihed  with  a  horle,  and  under  the  name  of 
John  AnderfoTi,  vvith  a  paffport  from  Arnold  to 
go  through  the  lines  at  Whitc-Piains,  or  lowffr 
if  he  thought  proper,  he  being  oopublic  bufinf  fs. 
He  p«r(ued  his  journey  alone  towards  York, 
paflfed  all  the  guards  and  pofts  on  the  road  with- 
ou:  furpicion,  and  was  much  elated*    The  next 
day  he  travelled  without  any  alarm,  and  began 
to  cont'ider  himfclf  out  of  danger  ;  but  unhap- 
pily for  him,  three  of  the  New. York  militia 
were  with  others  on  a  fcouting  party  between 
the  out  pofts  of  the  two  armies,     one  of  thetn 
fprung    from  his    covert,    and  lei/.cd   Andre's 
horle  by  the  bridle.    The  Major  indeed  of  in- 
ficintly  producmg  his  pafs,  alked  tLeinao^  where 
he  belonged   to,   who  anfwered,   *^To   hehw^^* 
-—Andre  fufpeciling  no  deceit,    faid  ^*So  do  A'* 
Then    declared   himfelf  a  Britiiii  ofScer,    and 
pfeil'ed  ihat  he  might  not  be  detained,  for  that 

>  ho 


he  was 

two  COI 

diicove 

followel 
iearch 
ered   ti 
and  a 
b^jt  th 
(h^   tai 
i;id    0'/ 
uoa    oi 

hiTVl    to 

to  Lieo 
^A'h'.>  ii"^ 

Hold's 

ri]d  in  < 
on:,  in  t 
the  re  it 
Cvi  Uj)0 
he  co>.ij 
enemy- 
jealoul] 
el"  \v.'  e 

iVllM 

to  c[c<\\ 

to  UCv']l 

[he  HH 

v.\.'re  i 
ex  lift  r 
nances 


t      'J     _   '  > 


..  ,   ^ 


North  America. 


hi 


■'■»■■  ,,  .-' 


,V:, 


^t  ■'- 


,D  ■  j\ 


he  was  upon  urgent  bufinefs.  Upon  the  other 
two  counng  up,  and  j«iJning  their  comrade,  he 
dii'covering  bis  miltake,  the  confuiion  that 
followed  was  apparent,  an^  they  procct^ded  to 
learch  him  till  they  found  hisp.ipt'rs.  He  off- 
ed    the  emptors  a  coniidcrahlc  purie  of  gold. 


er 


and  a  ve 


ry 


laaol 


e  w 


,tc]i 


to 


let   h 


Mil 


^fs 


b'Jt  they  nobly  diiiidined  the  trnipiatioi^,  belides 
die  talcinaatig  oliers  of  j^ernjanent  proviiion, 
d    e'7QU    of    future     promotion,    on    condi- 


;r> 


J.( 


)n  of  their  coiiveying  and  cjccoiiipanving 
him  to  New- York.  i'hey  condndtd  hini 
toLIeuK.  Col.  J:ime(on,  the  co'itioent^d  officer 
v'h.)  ii^d  the  coininand  of  the  fcouring  f)o'ties, 
.ruiuiiiitirig  to  Sr.o  nren,  chiedy  indiij:^.  Ar- 
nold's condiK^t  ^.ith  rt'g'ird  ro  his  body  ofinen^ 
rt)d  in  other  rerpecl.>  hid  exuied  1ik{>  iiiiplct-. 
una  in  the  bre^lt  of  the  lieutenant  tCvUinel,  and 
the  reit  of  the  ofFicera,  :h-U  they  had  detcrnini. 
ci  ujion  icitiog  the  e;oi>erjl  at  all  evcncs^  nad 
he  coaje  dovvn  md,  .ordered  theni  ncar^  r  ttiC 
cnc'iny-      |  'melon,   notA.ihUunding  hf  Itrong 

uc  the  nicdus 


Ica 


!ouly  of  Arnold,   was  in  the  lij 


ei'  hi^  efc -J pt'. 

IvLijof  Andre,  in  order  to  i,m'e  Arnold  tn'ne 
to  cfcape,  re(|ueik^d  th'-tta  line  i«>::gh'i  bp  lent 
to  aCv']UT]nt  h  m  oi  the  detention  cA  A'l  derlon, 
11k:  nu'ne  Andre  h.(d  aiTnmed,  wbich  J  in\ef'Mi, 
iKrovigh  an  iii-judj^ed  dKlicacy  gra)Utd.  1  he 
njpci's,  which  were  found  in  the ^'iajor's  hoots, 
^•v;je  in  An-(dd's  !iand- writing^^  and  louidned 
cxiCt  Vetin-JKS  ni\  the  ft.* re  of  the  fortes. ■  ^mcI- 
naiices  and  defences  at  Weft-Point  and   ;ts  de* 


M 


it 


if' 


l«'; 


>enucnc<^ft, 


.;  -r^*.^' 


■'    i 


il-i 


n 


>54: 


Tie  History  of 


\ , 


pendencies,  with  the  artillery  orders^  critical 
remarks  on  the  works,  an  eltijnate  of  the  niun- 
b:er  of  the  men  that  were  ordinarily  on  duty  to 
man  them,  and  the  copy  of  a  Itate  of  matters 
that  had  been  laid  before  a  council  of  war  by 
the  cominrmder  in  chief*  Tiiefe  papers  were 
enclofed  in  a  picket  to  Gen.  Waihington,  ac« 
cpmpauied  with  a  letter  from  the  prilbner,  r;- 
vowing  himfclf  to  be  M;i)or  Andre,  iuijuiarii 
gjeneral  to  th«  Britiih  army,  relatin;^  the  man- 
ner of  his  c-ipture,  and  endeavouring  to  ihuw, 
that  he  did  not  come  under  the  defcri prion  of  a 
Ipy.     Thefe  papers  were  forwarded  by  Jamc- 

No  fooner  had  Arnold  received  the  Major's 
letter,  than  he  hiftened  on  hoard  the  Vuliore, 
which  lay  fome  miles  below   Sroney  and  Ver- 
iplank's  Points  ;and  Arnold  Ind  not  been  long 
gone,  when  Waihm^ton  arrived  at  his  q  lar- 
ters-    Had  the  plot  fucceeded,  the  conP  qaence 
muft  have  been  ruinous  to  t'nc  Americans.    The 
forces  under  Arnold^s  coinmand   njult  havci  ei- 
ther laid  down  their  arms,  or  have  been  cui  to 
pieces.   Their  lofs,  and  the  immediate  poileliion 
of  vVefl- Point,  and  all  its  nciirHbouring  depen- 
di'ncies,  mult  h:»ve  expofed  the  remaiiuler   of 
WaOiingron's  artny  io    to  the  join^  exertion  i^f 
the  BrJLJfh  forces,  by  land  and  water,  that  no- 
thing but  ruin  could  have  been  therefulc  with 
refpevSt  to  the  Americans. 

On  the  29th  of  September  Cen.  Wafhingtou 
appointed  a  bo4rd  of  fourteen  general  ofIiccr:>, 


v\:  ;;. 


'■> 


-V'T^' 


N6rth  Amrjhca. 


tii 


.■■4 


with  the  r.illftance  of  the  judge  advocate  gene- 
ral, to  examine  Major  And  it's  caie,  and  to  dfe- 
terniinein  what  light  it  ought  to  be  confidered. 
Andre,  difdaining  all  fubterfuge  and  ev-iiioifi, 
and  ftndying  only  to  place  his  charader  in  fo 
fair  a  light,  as  might  prevent  its  being  Ihnded 
by  prefent  circuinftances,  voluntarily  conteffed 
more  than  he  was  afked,  and  ion^rhr  riOt  to  pal- 
Date  any  thing  relating  to  himielf,  while  he 
concealed,  with  the  moll  guarded  and  (crupil. 
Ions  nicety,  whatever  might  involve  others. 
The  board  (hewed  him  every  poHible  mark  of 
indulgence,  and  fufticiently  v.itnelIed*liow  much 
they  felt  for  his  fituation.  However,  pnM'.c  jnf- 
tice  obliged  them  to  declare,  **  that  ?/bj<"r  An- 
dreought  to  be  confideredas  a  fpy  from  the  en- 
eniy  ;  and  that  ;»greeuble  to  the  law  and  ufacrfe 
vf  nations,  it  is  their  opinion  he  oiight  to  fuher 
death.'*  ,  ;,  ,.  /\:vi^r--':^;'- 

Se^^eral  letters  pifTed  bet^vecn  the  CJer  erals 
Clinton  and  Walh'nrton  relaiivc  tothtsnnhap- 
py  affair  ;  but  nothino;  v;-^*;  capable  of  fiving  the 
unfcrtnate  njaj*)r.  On  the  2d  of  odnber,  the 
tragedv  was  c\'fed.  The  major  v^  a*,  iVperior  to 
thf?  terrors  of  death  ;  but  the  dilp^raceful  mode 
of  dying  which  th  ufoge  of  war  had  annexed 
to  his  Ufhapi  y  f<rnation,  wat  irfinirrly  dread- 
ful to  hiin.  He  was  defirous  of  being  indulged 
with  a  profofflonal  death,  and  had  accordirgly 
written, the  day  bttore.  a  pathetii  letter, fr;aight 

wi'-h  all  the  fef^iinors  of  a  man  of  fenrim'^'nt  snd 

^  >  ■        .    ■.    ■ 

hoiior,  in  which  he  requeited  of  Gen.  W^fh- 

ington, 


■ill 


d^^ 


lii 


136 


The  History  of 


P  ;l|  ington,  til  at  he  might  not  die  on  a  gihhet.  The 

general  confuUeti  hi.^  c^fiiterr  on  the  fubje^l.  Pity 
and  ffletii)  wronght  io  povvcrfully,  ihat  they 
Avei  e  fill  for  fliootiiig  hin),  till  Greene  ipfif^ed 
on  It,  thjt  bis  crime  was  that  c-f  a  ctmMiion  Ipy  ; 
thai  the  |  ublic  good  required  his  be'mghnnged  ; 
iin<l  ih  .t,  wtre  he  ihot,  the  generality  would 
thirk  there  vere  favourable  circumftances  eri- 
H  tiding  him  to  noiicc  and  lenity-     Bis  nbfrrvati- 

onsronvinced  then)  that  there  would  be  an  itn- 
prifprietv  in  grantu^gthe  n^^jor's  reqncft,  while 
ten<lernen>  prcvenied  its  being  divulged.         '^ 
When  M'jor  Andre  was  led  nut  to  the  place 


iii.T 


w 


Hi 


. '  »1 


^      p. 


't  ■      9- 


of 


execution,   as 


he 


V  cut  ajOnfT 


hr  \ 


:>ovve 


dh 


im- 


feU  f.irniliarly  to  all  thole  wkh  whom  he  had 
been  '^cqn.^ii.rcd  ai  his  coniinenient — A  fpiile 
of  con)pl  icency    expfi^jTed  the   ferene  fortitude 


of  hi 


IS  IjiuuI.  upon  leemg  iiie  pveparaliciis  at 
the  f^^t.il  fpot,  he  aflccd  ^ivith  fonie  emotion, 
*' JVIufl:  I  die  in  this  m.muer  ?^'  He  was  told  h 
was  i3na voidable-  H*:;  replied"  I  am  rccoi  ci- 
Jed  to  mv  f.ue.  but  i^ot  to  ihe  tpode.'*  Seen  -  f  • 
tfr.'  recolleclin^  1  imfeif,  he  adiitd  "^  it  wil)  be 
biK  a  mon>ent:iry  pang ;"  and  fprirgiigny  on 
the  cart,  he  perferrucd  the  laft  cfhcers  to  him- 
iVlf  with  a  roinpofnre  th.Tt  excited  the  admira- 
rv.n,  and  melted  :he  hearts  of  all  vhe  {];e6latt)r'.' 
Being  told  the  final  !Tu>ment  was  at  hand;  Jir.il 
3fi<cd  if  he  had  any  thincr  to  fay,  he  anfwered, 
*'  Kothmg  hut  to  I '  qufft  you  will  witueff.  ro  \he 
vorld.  that  I  die  like  a  brave  n-^n.'*  Fe  died 
univerfally  eftcemijd  and  regretted- 


Mcmorcble 


A,    •     I 


jhhct.  The 
U-)je<5l.  Pity 

tlut  they 
ene  ipfif^ed 
vmon  ipy  ; 

j[^  barged; 

'ty  would 
cances   en« 

•  nbff  rvati- 
he an  im- 

ncft,  whi]§ 

3  the  pl.icc 
nvGd  him- 
m  he  had 
—A  fniile 
'  fortitude 
iraticns  at 

*  emotion, 
as  told  n 
\    rccof  ri- 

Soon   f- 

it  W'l]]  he 

n;ij.p"n]  on 

s  to  Mra- 

l^e  died 
lemorable 


7 


!■ 


^.}  North  America. 


y      «r  ■'■■ 
-  f 


n? 


J  I 


■-^^ 


Memorable  events  recorded  in  this  Chapter* 

0 

^iino  1778. 

The  Britifh  operations  againft  Georgia. 

The  affairs  of  the  United  States  in  a  deplorable 

condition.  5,.^  , 

Gen.  Lincoln  fent  to  South -Carolina. 


..>>,v,^^ 


^nno  1779 


Gen.  Aihe  furprized  and  defeated- 

Sir  Henry  Clinton  tiikes  Stonty  Point. 

Count  d'Eilaing  fails  from  the  Welt  Indies  for 
the  American  coafts. 

l^he  French  and  Americars  repulfed  at  Savan- 
nah. 

"Waftiington's  army  in  diflrefsf<  r  want  ofhread? 

Charleltown  taken  by  the  Britilh  forces. 


j^nno  1780. 


:^%: 


Tarleton  defeats  Col.  Buford. 
A  French  fleet  with  troops  arrive  at  Newport. 
Treaty  (igned  between    Holland  and  America. 
j£ar]  Cornwallis  defeats  Gen.  Gates, 
^ajor  Andre  taken  and  executed  as  a  fpy. 
Gen-  Arnold  makes  his  etcape  on  board   the 
Vulture  Britiih  floop  of  w^r. 


M  1 


CHAP. 


I- 


ro: 


u 


m- 


m 


f)- 


im 


Hi 


Vi  I 


1 


■?■» 


m 


ti9 


'.>. 


Vi 


TAI?  History  c/ 


/     V 


I 


C  H  A  P.    IX, 


s 


TR  Henry  Ciintcn,  on  the  r5th  of  O^^ob^r, 


KJ   ly 


o. 


in  obcciiciice    to  the;  ori'crs  fent    h 


in 


to  proiicuif.    the  vv;!r  \^J 


(h    ^ '1  c  r  i!i,r\orlh  Ca. 


rolina    ami    Vir^^^Miia,   diipatch  d    Gen.    Leflie 


tit 


^«>» 


cw-  I 


I 


)i  K  10  t;ie 


t:£zr  ^ooo  chuict'  'a*c 


7 


Uc' 


>n';. 


hie 


i2f 


'I' 


iK< 


with 


vv^s  to  co-ope- 
r n  r  e  v  •  i  t  h  L<.>  r d  Corn  u  a  1 1'  s* ,  n*v  h  o  w  a  s  t 'xp  e  ^1  ed 
to  be  far  advanced  to\vurd5.,  if  not  to  have  reach- 
ed Virginia,  in  a  few  days,  the  ficet  arrived  in 
tlie  by.  nnd  the  troops  v.ere  bvidrd  in  d.'ffurcnt 
parrs  t^f  Virginia.  ;>..,.  Vv^. 

O'l  tl;e  20U1  of  June,  the  French  and  Spnnilh 


fle- 


ets 


iora:e( 


a 


J' 


net! on    in  the    Well- 1  regies. 


1  hey  rn.ounr<d  to  :?6  isil  of  ihe    line    \v>xich, 


n 


U'ith  iheir  Lir>ited  hr>d  forres.  foi  med  iuc  h  a 
sppf»rent  fuperiority,  as  nothing  in  thcfe  lessor 
Hlifids  feeir.ed  capable  of  rciilling  ;  but  the 
bpiinifli  troops,  beirg  rv^o  nvjch  crowded  on 
beard  their  trsnU-orti ,  t(.|jetl;er  with  ^Iit  length 
of  the  vuy^^ge,  ihechr^nge  t»f  chniate  nnd   dic-t, 


anc 


I  oil 


ier  cirt.nn 


il-. 


nces,  a  uu 


il 


war 


tal 


ana  con- 


t?pio»is  difordnr  v. as  generated,  \\hicii  firlt  in- 
fcded/thcir  oun  leamen,  and  nt  lcn<>tlj  fpread, 
thoiigh  !><)t  witJi  fo  ful  an  clTvMSt,  rhrongi)  the 
Ireich    fleet    and    land     forces,      Eelides     the 


tali 


a 


thi 


<;n 


vrear  ]i:oria)ny  on  me  ]\.!]  ge,  tne   ^pa^.3:.l 
9nded  1200  fjfk  on  then*  fiift  arrival  at  Dr 


ds 


>nn* 


I 

inqne,  aid  a  much  greater  number   afterwards 
at  Gaudaloupe  and  Martinico.     Thus  thf  fpiric 

nf 


■V.  »■; 


-/. 


>(('m   bin 

-n.    Leslie 
pak,  with 

0  CO.  ope. 
^>  c'xpeded 
vf  reach- 
srrived  in 

(i'lfcrciit 

^  Spnnijh 

i  luc  h  «)ii 
ie  le^js  or 
;  but  the 
vdeW  on 
It  K'ligrh 
iiui  diet, 
ai.;!  con- 

1  firlt  in- 
J  /pre  ad, 
3iig:}  the 
tits  the 
p.'jr.ir.rds 

hf  fpiric 
of 


North  America.; 


a; 


i  •  •>■■ 


^39 


•f  €ntei7)n7e  "W3s  damped,  and  feme  pait  of 
their  ftrtngth  diminifhed. 

In  the  nxnnii  of  J^epteTuber,  Mr.  Lanrcns 
was  taken  on  his  wiiy  from  ccngrefs  to  Holland, 
on  the  barks  of  Ne^v^fcunland-  A  packet  of 
papers  bting  thrown  over  board,  and  not  fink- 
ing fuddenlv,  was  faved  by  the  boldnefs  and 
dexterity  of  any  Engiifti  failor,  and  moft  of 
them  were  recovered  from  the  effcds  (  f  the 
water.  On  his  arrival  in  England,  he  was 
committed,  upon  a  charge  of  high  treafon,  as  a 
(late  prifoner  to  the  Tovi  er,  under  an  order 
ligncd  by  the  three  fecretaries  of  (late^  Ey 
the  medium  of  his  papers,  admin iflration  came 
to  the  knowledge  of  theeventual  treaty  ofiunity 
and  toiumejce  between  America  and  Hoilaa^d- 

In  conkqnence  of  thi.s  d^lcovery,  ftrong  re- 
tnonftances  were  made  to  the  ftates  General  ; 
but,  as  no  f.itisiviclory  aofwer  was  returned^  Sir 
Jofeph  Yorke  received  orders  to  withdraw 
from  the  rl?ig».!e  ;  and.  on  the  2Q'h  of  Decem- 
her,  gei^tTal  repriuk  were  iiTiied  sgainft  the 
diiv'^,  coodr,  and  fabjccls,  of  the  States  Gene- 
ral. 

On  the  t2th  of  January,  1781,  C^rifr^l 
Greene's  troops  confifted  of  abo^u  r  ico/  The 
next  d'jv.Cjb  Lee's  rartixan  Icg-hui  ^snci'Vl^ 
froTT.  the  northward,  coniHVing  ci  aboiic  #bo 
horfcinen,  weUmonni«"d,  and  12c  iiit'^iMU^y  ;;  ^o|l 
on  the  j^th  the  legion  wa.^  detached  q»>^  Tecr^t 
txped^fion.  They  puffed  or?  for  Georgefcwn^ 
\fhcie  they  furphfcd  fevtrai  oilicersj  and  tmk 

ihcFH 


I'!* 


■  HBrtW" 


^ 


'-     A' 


r*  H 


^^  i 


1 ' 


14? 


\   n'* 


The  HiSToRV  of 


them  prifoners.  Major  Irwin,  and  many  more 
of  the  gArrifon  were  killed  ;  but  the  principal 
part  fi.cd  to  the  fort,  which  Lee  was  not  in  a 
condition  to  beliege.  While  this  enterprize 
v/as  carrying  on,  the  enemy  aimed  a  blow  at 
Morgan,  who  was  ^advifed  by  Greene  not  to 
rifque  too  much*    " 

Gen.  Leflie,  in  compliance  with  his  orders, 
left  Virginia,  and  arrived  at  Charlcflown,  and 
joined  Lord  Cornwallis,  who  wifhed  to  drive 
Gen^  Morgan  from  his  ftation  and  to  deter  the 
inhabitants  from  joining  him.  The  execution 
of  this  bufinefs  was  entrufted  to  Lieut.  Col. 
Tarleton,  who  was  detached  with  about  iioo 
men  for  that  purpofc.  On  the  I7ih  of  Janua- 
ry, Tarleton  came  up  with  Morgan,  when  an 
R<fl'ion  commenced,  which  terminated  much  to 
the  difadvantage  of  Tarleton.  ^:;,^^.yi,     r 

Tarleton  was  very  much  cenfured  for  his 
cotii^uQ:  in  this  battle,  which  he  was  fuppoUd 
to  have  loll  by  his  un-officer  like  iinpetuoliry. 
JiOrd  Cornwallis,  with  the  expe(!:"tations  of  re- 
gaining the  prifoners,  and  demolifliin^r  Morgan's 
corps,  inflantly  concluded  on  a  purfuit,  which 
^rlcrgan  was  aware  of,  and  took  his  racalures 
ace  ordinal  v. 

On  the  31  ft  of  January,  Greene  fucceeded 
Morjraii  in  the  command  of  the  rontliern  army, 
when  a  kind  of  mllitarv  race  comnenced  be- 
tween  the  pursuing  Britifli  ami  the  fleeing  A* 
mericans  ;  bnt  Greene  got  off  before  Cornwal. 
lis  could  overtake  him.  f 

Lord 


Lot 

from 
vontu 
f(*rr  0 
the  nc 
the  n 
5400 

tnrv, 
tack  h 

Th 
houfe 
hours 
to  the 
thr^e 
loft  hi 
the  ff 
fore  t 

In 
been 
and  ^ 
Brit:^ 

the  r 

fle'^t 
fnrrr 

VaT?j 
fynve 

pf  nd 
thrp 
ab'd( 
talU' 


'"'^''*!>'.' 


j.y 


■V- 


^< '  1 .' 


lany  more 
e  principal 
not  in  a 
enterprize 
a  blow  at 
ne  not  to 

lis  orders, 
town,  and 
d  to  drive 
deter  the 
execution 
eut.   Col. 
3ont  1 100 
of  Janua- 
when  an 
I  much  to 

i  for  his 
fuppoled 
>etuofiry* 
)ns  of  re* 
^organ^s 
It,  which 
lijcalures 

Jcceeded 
'n  army, 
iced  he- 
el ng  A" 
■ornwal. 

Lord 


(. 


V^^     '^^H 


North  AvfEkfcrA 


r4i 


Lord  Cnrnwallis,  beir^  pftrnvprt's  convinced 
from  Green's  moveiprnts,  that  he  inteuded  t^ 
venture  an  enjrapfTTient,  en  the  14th  of  May 
f<:*rt  ofFMs  bajTgap;e  under  a  proper  elcort,  aif?d 
the  next  morning  at  day  break,  Tnsnbed  vith 
the  remainder  of  his  rirmy,  amounting  to  rhont 
54CO  men,  chiefly  troops  grown  veterans  in  vic« 
torv,  either  to  meet  Greene  on  the  way,  or  at- 
tack him  in  his  encampment. 

The  battle  took  place  near  Guilford  court- 
houfe  ;  and  after  a  hard  flrup;p^le  of  near  tw# 
hours,  the  Americans  retreated  in  good  order 
to  the  P^dy-Fork,  and  crofled  the  river,  about 
three  miles  from  the  field  of  a^lion.  Greene 
lod  his  artillery,  and  two  ammunition  waggons, 
the  gre^Jteft  part  of  the  horfes  being  killed  be- 
fore the  retreat  began.  ,  j 

In  the  month  of  Febru'^ry,  reprifals  h^viff^ 
been  commenced  againfl  the  Dutch,  Rodney 
and  Vaughnn  received  indruflions  from  Great- 
BrJtnin  to  dtre(^  their  views  to  the  reduffton  of 
the  Dutch  ifland  of  St.  Euft^tra.  The  Britifli 
fleet  and  Prmy  inftnntly  apneared  rher<^,  ^nd 
fnr»*<ninded  it  with  a  great  force.  Rodney  and 
Vautrhm  fent  a  peremptory  fummons  to  the 
P^nvernor,  to  fnrrender  the  ifland  ard  its  de. 
pf  ndencie^  within  an  hour,  accompanied  wiih  a 
threat,  that  if  any  refiftance  was  made,  h^  mnil 
ab'de  the  confequences.  Monf.  de  Gv^^f^,  to- 
tallv  ignorant  of  the  rupture  bet  we-*  n  Great- 
Britain  and  Holland,  c*^uld  fcarcely  Lejieve  the 
<fff cer,  who  delivered  the  fummons,  to  be  feri. 

•us 


U 


;*■    <'' 


m  ) 


U  } 


J0, 


The  Hi$TCRY  d/ 


%  V 


OILS.  He  rftturned  for  anfNAer,  th:it  bcin^  ut- 
terly mrapaLle  ot  ifi.ikir.^  iiny  detciice;  he  mutt 
of  neceliiry  furreiuier,  on  y  rocomriX^ntiiiH;  Uio 
fovvn  and  inh.iMtincs  lo  the  clenicijcy  of  thtj 
Britiih  comni-inders-  The  weahh  of  ibe  pjrice 
excited  the  aitonilhment  of  the  conquerors,  t))e 
whole  ifliiul  feeineJ  to  b<^  one  gri'at  Tnaga/i  e. 
All  the  llorehoules  were  filied  with  varioiTo  com- 
modicies,  and  the  very  beach  v/as  covered  v  ith 
hogiheads  of  fugir  and  tobacco.  1  he  value 
wa.s  eftim.Jted  coi)liderab!y  above  three  miili. 
onsfterling.  But  this  was  only  apart;  for  a- 
bove  150  veflels  of  all  denoniitiations,  many  of 
fhem  richly  ladew,  were  captured  in  th(*  b.iy, 
extluiive  of  a  Dutch  frigate  of  38  gun^,  and  hve 
fnuller.  The  neigh borino;  fmall  ifles  of  St. 
Martin  and  Saba  wcie  reduced  in  the  fame 
manner.  ♦ 

Rodney  being  informed,  that  a  fleet  of  about 
30  large  Jhips,  all  richly  laden  wirh  fugar  rind 
other  Weil  India  co?nmnHities,  had  failed  frona 
Eu  »arfa  for  Holland  jnft  before  bis  arrival,  un- 
der convoy  of  a  flag  fhip  of  60  guns,  he  di  (patch- 
ed rhi'  Monarch  and  Panther;  with  the  Sybil 
frigate  in  purfuit  of  them*  Thefe  loon  over- 
took the  convoy^  when  tbe  Dutch  admiral  re. 
fufing  to  ltj"ike  his  colours,  tint^t  ;dl  reinonftran 
ces  proving  in^ffct^ual,,a  fliort  engagement  took 
pi  ice  between  his  Ihip,  the  M^rs,  and'tlie  Mo* 
narque*  He  died  bravely  in  defence  of  his  thip, 
whei:  ihe  iaJibAitiy  ilruck,  and  the  whole  convoy 
was  t.'ikes^, 

Th« 


h-^r  DO 

ln# 

convo 

i  oun 

baiik 

Uiiid    i 


North  America. 


»43 


The  keepii)g  of  Dutch  colours  flyirg  at  Euf- 
Itritij,  rendered  it  fur  Idine  unje  a  decov  lo 
I  French,  Dutch,  and  Amcncaii  vcfiels.  a  cunfi-' 
dr'i'able  nimiber  of  which  ft^ll  accordingly  into, 
fchp  hands  of  the  conquerors  without  trouble. 

Pn?paratior.^  begin  to  be  n«jde,  on  tl.t  2»ft 
otjune,  tor 
to   trikj   tiie  livdu.      Vi 


.inerxDns   m:in 


bed 

trAiardj>  White. Piaiti'j,  whificMJiey  were  joined 
by  the  French  troops  uucer  liocliambeau. 
J^'ir  Ge«)rge  Flodiicy,  in  toi;reo|uenoe  of  infor. 


mation  conceniin 


K 


th 


e   f  renin 


flee 


z  uncier  the 


Ciuint  de  Gr.^^iV,  'Jeinthed  the  A'Uv.irsih  Sir 
baiouel  Hood  nnd  }3rake,  wiiii  i'evenfeen  TiiJ  of 
the  line,  to  cruife  oif  Fort  Fioyal  for  tht  pur- 
pofe  of  inrerceptiniT  hini.  On  the  'iSth  of 
April,  fome  or  Sir  Sljihu^-Ps  he^jotnoil  fiiips  re- 
tiirned  hafliiv  in  fiidir,  nwd  with  iii>n.;ls  unnouiU 


ceJ   the   appearance^  of^  a   fup( 


trior  flett,  aud  a 


numerous  convoy,  to  the  windw.'rd  of  Poiiic 
Sahnes.  The  admiral  made  a  iignai  for  a  ge- 
neral ch.jce  to  winJwardj^  and  at  night  '\c  wis 
ilecerniined  by  the  admirals  to  continue  ihtlue 
a  hfad,  io  tluit  getting  as  much  as  poliil.ie  lo 
windward,  they  nii^/tu  cloff  in  with  I'oit  Koyal 
it  tlity.-I'giit^  and  ^ut  olf  il;c  enemy  truin  the 
h-^rbour.  ,    - 

In^the  ntorninjT   t]\e   French  appeared,  their 
convoy  kecv'in;^,  ci*)fe   in   Vviih  the  land,  wh:ie 
i  onn:  de  Criiiie  diew  up  his  fleet  in  a  line  of. 
baiile    for    their    protection.      Admiral    Hood 
Di^d  every  msuQ.uvre  :o  bring  bun  lo  acVio 


il 


but 


S    1 


n 


If 


the  army  under  Gen.  W  aihington  B} 


li 


:»\ 


y 


I » nit.  • 


hJ 


;  J^-'s*  * 


THE  HISTORY  •/ 


M4 

but  he  being  to  windward,  and  lb  having  the 
choice,  pretcrred  a  long  Ihot  diitanctr.  A  par* 
tiui  eng-ig fluent  enlaed.  The  van  and  tha 
nenreit  ihips^  in  the  centre  ot  the  Bntilh,  wevxt 
expbred  to  a  long  dwi  heavy  weigiic  of  fire,  in 
ther  itrugglcs  to  dole  the  i^'reut  h,  and  get  to 
the  windwafd  ;  but  luffered  piiocipaily  in  their 
maits,  halls,  and  riggirijr,  The  action  iaittju 
about  thr^e  hours,  when  Aumiral  Kood  per- 
ceiving,  that  noi  one  (hut  in  ten  of  the  French 
reached,  ai.d  ch.^t  his  attemps  to  gain  the  wind 
were  froiclv,ij>,  ceafed  hring,  and  the  Britiih fleet 
bore  away  for  Anriga.»« 

J-,et  us  lio  <•  return  to  the  tranfaclions  under 
Lord  Corn  ^'-al  lis.  One  c!,reat  object  of  the  Bn- 
t'fh  forvje  was  tiie  eilablilhuieat  of  a  ftrong  poft 
and  place  of  arms,  and  fuch  as  njighc  render 
ihcr-i  pcrfcaly  mailers  of  Chclapeak  bay,  ainl 
tiKMviore  tliey  repaired  to  Itork-Town  auvi 
Cloucelfccr.  "-'''  ]'' " 

The  French  and  American  armies  connnued 
their  ni.ncii  froiii  tlie  nortP. wari),  tiii  they  ar~ 
rivfd  at  the  bead  of  Elk  ;  an  J  wiihiii  an  iunir 
afier  th-iy  received  iin  expreia  frojri  C'.unt  de 
GrafTej  wiih  riie  joyfol  arc  )UnE  of  his  arrival  and 
fiti)a{Jon.  By  the  15th  of  Se|>tcnjbr:r,  all  the 
trooDS  were  arrived  and  landed  at  Williami- 
biir^rhya^ui  prejjarations  weri'  made  with  ail 
po.iible  diipatifi^  for  piUtirg  uie  araiy  in  a  hru- 
atio*^  to  ^to'/e  down  towards  York   Townv 

Oil  the  -;oth  of  Se'^,te;n"*vcr,  Lor  J  QoniwrJIis 
wji  ciofcl.y  invcUcd  in    ^ork'Town.     — The 

Utnciits 


V 


an    he  ill' 


North  America* 


M5 


U"ench«s  were  opened  by  the  combined  armies 
tin  tiie  6th  of  Odoher,  at  6oo  yards  diftancc 
from  Cornwaliis's  works.  On  the  9ch  they  o- 
peued  their  bacceries,  and  continued  firing 
a] I  niglu,  wi'hout  interniifllon.  I'he  next 
morning  the  French  opened  their  batteries 
on  tlie  ](^ft,  and  a  tremendous  roar  of  cannon 
and  inortars  was  continued  for  lix  or  eight 
hours  «vuhoat  cealing.  ^y^, 

Tiie  French  and  Anicricans  continued  to  car. 
ry  on  the  fiege  with  great  futcefs.  On  the 
loth  their  feveral  batrerits  v;e re  covered  wirh 
near  too  pieces  of  heavy  ordnance  ;  while  the 
Britiih  works  were  fo  deftroycd  that  they  could 
fcarcely  lliow  a  fin<?Ie  gun.  Thus  was  Lord 
Cornwallis  reduced  to  the  neceiluy  of  prepa- 
ring for  a  furrenJer,  or  of  ^^ttempting  an  efcape* 
He  determined  upon  the  lafter.  Boat?  were 
prepared  under  dilfe rent  pretences,  for  the  re- 
teptioiji  of  the  troops  by  ten  at  night,  in  order 
to  pafs  rhem  over  to  Gh)uceller- Point.  The 
arrangements  were  made  with  the  utmoftfe'. 
crecy.  The  intention  was  to  abandon  the  bag. 
gage,  and  to  leave  a  detiichmeat  behind  to  ca- 
pitulate io\'  the  town's  people,  and  for  the  Tick 
and  womided,  hi^  lordlln'p  having  already  pre- 
pir«^d  a  letter  on  the  iiibj^^ct-,  to  be  delivered 
to  Cicn.  VV.ilhingtoii  after  his  depar.ure.  The 
firll  embark ition  had  arrived  at  Glouceiler 
l\)int,  aiul  the  greater  part  of  the  troops  were 
alr<*jdy  landed  when  the  weather,  which  was 
bcfurc  moderate  and  cihn,  iniUully  changed  to 

.    N  .  a 


)!->! 


I- 


% 


) 


V  ■ 


j/\6 


The  History  cf 


i'«h « 


p  *. 


n  niofl  violent  ftorm  of  wind  and  rain.  The 
boats  with  the  remaining  troops  were  i<ll  cljiven 
Ci'own  in  the  river,  and  the  defjgn  of  palling  o- 
ver  was  not  only  entirely  frufiratcd,  br-t  the 
abfepce  of  the  boats  rendered  it  iinpolllble  to 
brinfT  back  tlie  troops  from  Glonceiler..  Thus 
weakened  and  divided,  the  army  was  in  nofiDali 


mirer. 


g 


U 


owever. 


th, 


loats  rttnrnej 


md 


the  troops  were  hroiH^ht  back  in  tjie  courfe  of 
the  forenoon  with  very  little  lois. ''■-=•  V#v* 

Things  were  now  hailiening  to  a  period, 
•^.vhich  could  be  no  loiijrer  protradcd  ;  for  the 
l^ritifh  works  were   linking/  unc|er   the    wciplit 

<  3  ■  41,' 

of  the  P^rench  and  American  artillery.  All 
hope§  of  relief  from  New-York  were  over,  atid 
the  llrenjTth  and  fpirits  of  the  royal  army  Wf^re 
broken  down  and  exhauited  by  their  cotulaiit 
and  unremittinp;  fati''Tue.  Matters  beino;  in  tins 
^itih'Kion  on  the  17th  of  Otflober,  Lord  Corn* 
wr^llls  font  out  a  flan-  with  a  letter  to  Gen. 
Walhington^  requelting  a  ceifition  cfarms  for 
twenty  fonr  honrs,  and  that  commiilioners 
anight  be  appointed  for  digcfting  the  terms  of 
ca]>itnlari:>n.  Comnnihnocrs  were  accordingly 
appointed  ;  and  on  the  fide  of  the  allies,  were 
Vile,  de  Noailli's,  and  Lieut.  Col.  Lanrens, 
'wht'fe  fatlicr  wa.i  in  clofe  ronfineinent  in  the 
tower  of  Londot^^  while  the  fon  was  drawing  np 
SfTt'^cles,  by  whifh -n  F^nglifh  nobleman  and  a 
Eritilh  army  hecaiTie  prifoncrs. 

On  the  loth  of  O.^ober,  the  polls  of  York 
Town  and  Gioucdler  were  lurrciidered.     Tlie 

honor 


whic 
now 
was 


i:  i:il 


North  America. 


M7 


honor  of  inarching  out  with  colours  fiyinrr, 
which  ha<l  been  denied  to  Gen.  Liucoln,  was 
now  refufed  to  Lord  Cornwallis,  and  Lincohi 
was  appointed  Lo  receive  the  fnbmiirioii  of  ths 
royal  army  at  York  Tov^n,  preciiVly  in  the 
fame  way  his  own  had  been  conducted  i.bont 
eighteen  months  before.  The  tr{*o|:'S  thit  fur- 
rendered  prifoners  exceeded  7000  ;  bii:  lo  greac 
was  the  number  oflkkand  woanded,  tiiat  ihcre 
were  only  3800  capal>Ie  ot  dosng  dny.  'i  ne 
officers  and  foldiers  retained  ihcir  b..ggage  and 
effects.  Fifteen  hundred  feaiiien  huu'ed  the 
fame  fate  as  the  garriion.  The  G.uidjlonpe 
frigate  of  24  guns,  and  a  nnmber  of  tranfports, 
were  furrendercd  to  the  conquerors.  About 
twenty  tranfports  had  been  funk  or  burnt  du- 
ring the  liege.  The  laud  forces  became  prifo- 
ners to  congrefs  ;  but  the  leanien  and  ihips  were 
^lHaned  to  the  French  admiral.  The  Aineri- 
cans  obtained  a  line  train  of  artillery,  ccriliilinjr 
of  75  brafs  ordnance,  and  69  iron  cannon,  how- 
itzers, and  mortars. 

On  the  2  4tk  of  October;,  a  fleet  deflincd  for 
the  relief  of  Lord  Corjuvallis  arrived  otf  tlie 
Chefipeak  ;  but,  o!i  receiving  the  news  of  his 
furrender,  they  returned  lo  New-York.  The 
fleet  confuted  if  25  Ibipsofrhe  line,  tv/o  fifties, 
and  eight  frigates.  VJ  hen  they  appeared  orfthe 
Chefapeak,  the  French  made  no  manner  of 
njovement,  though  tiiey  had  36  fnips  of  tlie  line, 
being  perhaps  fatistied  svith  their  prefent  fuccels* 
Every  ar;iument  arAdperlu:diun  Wiis  ufed  with 

the 


J. 


4   '♦ 


%\' 


'  ^ 


m: 


i,i' 


H 


i- 


IM 


V  ■! 


;* : 


-\m 


'  1 


148 


The  History  0/ 


\*) 


the  Count  (]e  GrafTe  to  induce  him  to  <)td  the 
combjned  army  in  an  operation  ag'^in(t  Charlef- 
town  ;  but  the  advanced  icalon,  the  orders  of 
his  court,  and  his  own  engagements  tol>e  punc- 
tual to  a  certain  time,  fixed  for  hi*  fume  oper* 
atioiu%  prevenred  his  compliance.  His  ii.ftruc- 
tions  had  fixed  his  departure  on  the  1  5th  of  Oc- 
tober, and  he  had  already  exceeded  that  time. 
On  the  2jihf  the  troops  under  the  Marquis  St* 
Simon  began  to  embark  for  the  Welt  Indies, 
and  about  tiie  ^th  of  November  de  Grafle  faileil 
from  the  Chel'apeak. 


r?*..-' 


>i » } 


;^>a."^ 


Memorabie  events  recorded  in  this  Chapter* 


'"  jinno*   1780. 


Sir  Henry  Clinton  fends  3000  troops  to  the  baf 
ofChefapeak*  .-^^ijf  fr. 

The  tVench  and  Spaoifli  fleets  form  a  conjunc- 
tion in  the  VVeit-lndies» 

jMr.  Laurens  taken  in  his  palTage  to  Holland* 

Sir  Jofeph  York  leaves  the  Hajj^ue. 


yfnno*   1 781 


■fS  • .  V  ^ 


Lieut.  Col.  Ttirletou  detacht^d  after  General 
Morgan  by  whom  he  \$  defeased- 

Sir  George  Hodnfy  and  Gen.  Vaughan  take 
St.  Euft.itia,  St.  Martin,  and  S;>ba. 

The  French    troops  join  ihe  Americans  under 

W  a  filing  ton. 

Sir 


Inr 
Lor< 

Gl 
Is   01 

Tl 
De 


v^i 


North  America. 


149 


^^ir  Samuel  Hood  and  Count  de  GraiTe  engage. 
Lord  Gornwallis  repairs   to  \ork   Town  and 

Glouceilcr.      -^^.-^^v'  «  *^ki'; 

Is   obliged  to  cipitulate,  and  furrender    York 

I'own  and  Glr.uceiler.  ,,„  ...^...,^1 

De  Gralle  fails  for,  the  Weft-Indies-  r 


Jl     »».■»■,.»*♦.•«       M':*,«'  -J  I 


M'i' 


■r-^ii  . 


ii^li;;? 


?4r  ^-j?-^  CHAP.    X. 


ON  the  27th  of  November,  tho  kinr^  of  En- 
gland  went  to  the  houfe  of  peers,  and 
opened  the  fclFion  of  parliament.  Warm  de« 
bates  took  place  on  account  of  tlie  ruinous  inan- 
ncr  in  which  the  American  vvar  was  continued  ; 
but  Lord  North  and  his  party,  who  tlu^u^^hG 
they  had  no:  yet  carried  things  far  enough, 
maintained  a  confiderable  majority  in  the  houfe 
of  commons.  Mr.  Burke  had  made  feveral 
motions,  relative  to  the  releafc  of  Mr.  Laurens 
from  the  Tower.  However,  at  length,  Mr. 
Laurens  was  brought  before  Lord  Mansfield, 
cjn  the  laftday  of  the  year,  in  confetjnence  of  an 
order  from  the  fecretary  of  ftaie,  and  was  dif- 
charged  upon  certain  conditions. 

The  naval  force  of  France  and  Spain  in  the 
Weft-Indies,  in  the  month  of  f  ebruar)  ,  1782, 
an)ounte<l  to  60  fliips  of  the  line,  ^\u\  their  land 
forces  when  joined  would  have  formed  a  con- 
liderable  army..  Jamaica  had  no  more  than  Ok 
incomplete  battalions  of  regular  troops  and  the 
Hiilitia  of  iht*  Ifland  to  defend  it  ;   and  there. 

fore 


% 


75^ 


'■*.^k£  History  cf 


'(         1: 


1.1 


'    ! 


fore  in  cafe  of  attack,  iniillhavc  beei^  foon  con- 
quered.  The  arrival  of  Sir  George  Rodne/ 
with  twtlw^  lail  rf  the  line  at  Barbadoes,  and 
his  lubiequenc  juclion  with  Sir  Samuel  Hood's 
fqiiadron,  together  vv'ith  the  arrival  o^  three 
ih ;[-»s  oi' the  line  from  Eiiglajid  a  few  days  af- 
ter  wards,  ptjrhaps  providentially  faved  Jamaica 
from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy*  The 
EngiWh  lieet  at  St.  Lucia  amounting  to  36  fhips 
of  the  line,  and  the  force  under  de  Grafle  at 
Marti nlco  to  34*  The  metal  of  the  French  is 
always  heavier  tha.i   that  of  the   Englilli,    i 


n 


equal  rates,  fo   that  ia   this  point  the  French 
had  the  advarxtaae.  *    -    •    '    - 

The  van  of  the  Britifli  fleet  was  commanded 
by  Sir  Samuel  Hood,  the  centre  by  Sir  George 
Rodney,  and  the  rear  by  Admiral  Sir  Francis 
The  three  divifions  of  the  French  Rset 
der  Count  de  Grail'e.  Moni',  de  Vau- 


Dr^kt 
were  un 

dreuil,  and  Monf.de  Bogainville.  ^^^  '.r.-.v^. 
On  the  8ih  of  April,  the  French  fleet  began 
to  turn  out  of  Fort  Royal  harbor  early  in  the 
morning,  with  a  great  convoy  und^r  their  pro- 
teciion,    all   bound  to   the  French  or  Spaniili 


ila.     De   Grade,  in   order  to 

a- 


ports  in   Hiipanio 

avoid  an  encounter  on  his  pallage,  meant  to 
keej)  clofe  in  under  the  iilands,  till  he  had  elud- 
ed th.e  purhi.r  of  the  Engiilli.  However  their 
departure  from  the  bay  was  fo  fpeedily  comvnu- 
ricued  by  fignals  from  the  frigates^  and  the 
Engii/h  fleet  was  in  fuch  excellent  prepar^ition 
thcJt  all  the  Ihip^  were  clear  of  G*ul3  Ifiet  Bay 


foon  con* 

J  Rodney 

does,  and 

i\  Hood's 

o5  three 

days  af- 

]  Jaiiiaica 

iy»      I'he 

:o  36  (hips 

Grade  at 

French  is 

i^rliHi     in 

le  French 


Vi 


4    '.  - 


mmnnded 
ir  George 
ir  Francis 
ench  iket 
.  de  Vau- 


cet  began 
\y  in  the 
lieir  pro- 
Spanifa 
order  to 
iieant  to 
had  elud- 
ver  their 

I  COJUUlU- 

and  the 
epardtioa 
Iflet  Bay 

by 


North  Amehic/v. 


If  .  1 1;-'  ;  ... 


J?" 


The  History  of 


«- 


',  i 


'  I'M 


a(^ion^  and  evaded  all  the  efFofts  of  the  En* 
glifh  commanders  for  its  renewal.  Two  of  the 
French  Ihips  were  {o  damaged,  that  they  were 
obliged  to  quit  the  fleet,  and  put  into  Guada. 
loupe.  On  the  fide  of  the  Englilh,  the  Royal 
Oak  and  the  Montague  fniiered  extremely  ; 
but  they  were  capable  of  being  repaired  at  fea, 
lo  as  not  tv    b    under  the  necellity    of  quittiijT 

On    the   lich   ('  "*  French  fleet    weathered 
Guadaloupe,  and  gained    fuch  a   dirtance,    that 
the  body  of  their  iit:et  could   only  be  defcried 
from  the  mafl-heads  of  the  Britiili  centre,   and 
all  hopes  of   Sir  George  Rodney's  coming  up 
with  them    itemed   to  be    Jit  an  end.     [n    this 
critic;!  1  lituation,  one  of  the  French  Ihips,  which 
had  fufPerediu  ihe  action,  was  perceived,  about 
noon,  to  fall  off  coniiderabiy  from   the  reft   of 
the  fleet  to  leeward-      This    produced  fignuls 
from  the  Englilh  admiral   for  a  geneaal  chafe, 
which  was  fo  vigorous,   that  the    Agamemnon, 
and  fome  others  of  the  headmoil  of  the  Englifh 
line,  w^ere  coming  up  ^o  fait  with  this  fhip  that 
flie   wojild  ailuredly  have  been  cut  oif  before 
evening,  had  not  her  fignals  and  iminent    dan- 
ger induced  de  Grallc  to  bear  down  with  his 
whole  fleet  to  her  aflillance.     This  niovrmenc 
pnt  ii  out  of  the  power  of  the  French  to  avDid 
fighting.     The  purfuin9j  Englifh  fell  back  into 
their  (Nation,  ynd  a  clofe  liue  was  formed. — — '- 
The  Fren(h  alfo  piepared  for   battle  with  th« 
greatetl  refolution,  ^nd  the  night  palfed  in  pre- 
parauoiis  oa  buih  lides.  Abouc 


Ab 
xath 
Gonti 
fame 


up, 


t] 


andd 
ihot  t 
fniloj 
The 
near  < 
the  rt 
re  tun 
nefs,  < 
of  the 

Sir 
his  fee 
media 
twelvi 
full  ia 
]y  bro 
centre 
the  y 
ed  anc 
iiou,  ai 
he  efti 
jftdvcni 
till  lu 
greatc 

The 
©f  the 
pie  ted « 
ed  aa€ 


*• 


North  America. 


»5j 


the    En* 

wo  of  the 
hey  were 
:o  Guada. 
lie  Royal 
tremely  ; 
td  at  fea, 
f  quitting 

leathered 

lice,    that 

I  defcried 

ntre,   and 

oniing  up 

In    this 

ips,  which 

ed,  about 

e  reft  of 

d  fjgnals 

lal  chafe, 

nieninon, 

e  Englifh 

fhip  that 

)iF  before 

ent   dan- 

with  his 

lovemeiK 

to  avoid 

.)ack  into 

jed. " 

with  th« 
d  in  pre- 
AbouC 


\ 


About  feven  o'clock  iu  the  Tiiorning,  of  the 
X2th  of  April,  the  battle  commenced,  and  was 
continued  with  unremitting  fury  until  near  the 
fame  hour  in  the  evening.  As  the  Englilh  came 
up,  they  ranged  flowly  along  the  French  line, 
and  dole  under  their  Ice.  Being  fo  near  every 
fhoc  took  effecl,  and  the  Frencii  Ihips  being  fo 
full  of  men,  the  carnage  in  them  was  prodigious* 
The  Formidable,  Admiral  Rodney's  Ihip,  fired 
near  eighty  broadlides,  and  it  may  be  fuppofed 
the  relt  were  n'3t  idle.  The  French  iluo  .  '^r[d 
returned  this  dreadful  fire  with  the  utmof^  fiiui- 
nefs,  each  fide  fighting,  as  if  the  honor  and  fat« 
of  their  country  vvere  that  day  to  he  decided. 

Sir  George  Rodney  in  the  Formidat  '•?,  with 
his  feconds  the  Namur  and  the  Duke,  and  im- 
mediately fupported  by  the  Canada,  between 
twelve  and  one  o'clock,  bore  directly  and  v/itii 
full  lail  athwart  the  French  line  and  fuccefsfuU 
ly  broke  through  about  three  Hiips  fiiort  of  the 
centre,  where  Count  de  Graife  commanded  iii^ 
the  Ville  de  Paris  of  i  lo  suns*  Beincr  follow- 
ed  and  funportcd  by  the  remainder  of  hii*  divi- 
fion,and  wearing  routid  clofe  about  the  enetny, 
he  effe<ftna]ly  feprrated  their  line.  This  bold 
adventure  proved  decifive.  The  hittle  la/ted 
till  lun  fet,  for  the  French  fought  wicli  the 
greateft  bravery. 

The  Rritiih  fleet  having  now  gained  the  wind 
©f  the  French,  their  general  confnlion  was  com- 
pleted. Hood's divition  had  been  long  becalm- 
ed and  kept  out- of  adiou  j  but  liis  head  ihips 

O  and 


I'  i 


i 


n  I 


J  54 


The  History  of 


j^ 


I  i. 


•I 


fe       'if. I    :, 


'^ 


?am\  part  of  his  centre,  a«?  far  at  leafl:  as  the 
Baj  fieur,  which  he  hiinfelf  commanded,  came 
up  at  this  juncture,  and  contributed  to  render 
the  viiftory  more  deciiive.  The  C^cfar,  GIo- 
ricux,  and  Hector,  foon  ftruck  their  colors,  but 
TiOt  till  after  they  had  made  the  moft  noble  de- 
ience.  '' 

Count  de  GrafTe  was  nobly  fupported,  even 
pfrer  the  line  was  broken  ;  and  the  Diadem,  a 
French  74,  went  down  by  a  fingle  broadlide,  in 
'd  generous  exertion  to  fave  him.  The  Ville  de 
Paris  was  almoft  reduced  to  a  wreck,  but  de 
. Graile  Itill  \\i\i\  out.  At  length,  Hood  in  the 
Barileur  approachtd  him  jult  Sx.  fun-iet,  and 
poured  in  a  molt  deihaidiv^  lire.  The  Ville 
de  Paris  fnpported  ail  thele  fhocks  for  a  quarter 
of  an  hour  after,  when  flie  ilruck  to  Sir  Samuel 
Hood.  It  was  faid,  that,  at  the  timefhe  ftruck, 
there  v/ere  but  three  men  left  alive  and  unhurt 
■on  the  upper  deck,  and  that  the  Count  was  onC 
of  them. 

The  Crefir  was  unfortunately  fat  on  fire,  and 
blew  up  in  the  night  cf  the  adlion.  A  lieuten- 
ant 2in6  50  Englilh  feamc^n  perilhed,  with  about 
400  pi  iioners.  The  number  of  the  French 
ilain  in  this  engagement,  and  that  of  the  ninth, 
was  computed  at  iHree  thoufand  and  near  clou- 
ble  ihat  ijun?ber  wounded.  The  fmall  fuperi- 
ority  of  BMtifli  (hips  in  point  of  number,  con- 
tribured  nothing  to  the  fuccefs  of  the  day,  as 
more  of  Hood's  divifion  thart  that  difference  a- 
TiiouiUed  to,  were  prevented  comino  intoa^lion 

tbrougu 


»*»'"-\ 


eaft  as  the 
nded,  came 
to  render 
[cfar,  Glo- 
colors,  but 
i  noble  de- 

rted,  even 
Diadem,  a 
oadlide,  in 
he  Villede 
rk,  but  de 
[ood  in  the 
in-let,  and 
The  Villc 
r  a  quarter 
>ir  Samuel 
fhe  flruck, 
uid  unhurt 
nt  was  one 

n  fire,  and 

A  lieuten- 

A'ith  about 

le    French 

the  ninth, 

near  dou- 

all  fuperi* 

nber,  con- 

!ie  day,  as 

fference  a- 

into  action 

through 


North  America* 


^55 


through  the  want  of  wind.  The  whole  lofs  of 
the  Englifh,  in  killed  and  wounded  in  the  tsvo 
actions,  was  dated  only  at  1050,  of  Vw'hich  2^2 
were  killed  on  the  fpot.  '"  ^'''* 

In  the  Ville  de  Paris  were  found  "thfrtvfi>^ 
cheds  of  money,  deftined  to  pay  the*  rubiiiknco 
of  the  troops  in  the  dcfigned  attacked  Jamaica* 
Sir  Sam'^el  Hood  being  fent  in  puriuit  of  the 
Icattered  enemy ,  on  the  ipih  he  came  up  and 
took  the  Jafon  and  Caton,  of  64  guns  each,  and 
,  two  frigates.  -^  '       •       -' 

Thus  the  French  lofl  eight  fhips  of  the  line  : 
fix  were  in  poUeliion  of  the  Englilh,  one  hul 
been  funk,  aiui  the  Crefar  blew  up  after  her  cap- 
ture. The  Englifli  having  joined  olf  Cupe  Ti- 
beroon,  and  the  French  having  no  force  to  the 
windward,  Sir  George  Rodney  proceeded  v^iih 
the  difabled  /hips  and  prizes  to  Jamaica,  as  well 
for  their  repair,  as  the  greiter  fecurity  of  the 
Ifland,  ihould  the  combined  fleet  ftill  veiuure 
upon  the  profecution  of  their  foimier  defign. 
Sir  Samuel  Hood  was  left  vvith  about  25  (hips  of 
the  line,  vo  keep  the  fea,  and  watch  the  motions 
of  the  enemy. 

Let  us  now  return  to  North  America,  where 
all  parties  feen^ed  to  be  heartily  tired  of  the  war- 
On  the  5th  of  May,  Sir  Guy  (':u*!cton  arrived 
at  New- York,  and  on  the  7th  he  wrote  to  Gen. 
Walliington,  and  fent  him  fonie  public  papers, 
that  his  excellency  might  learn  from  them,  the 
difpofition  that  prev.jiled  in  the  governme^it 
and  people  of  Great  Britain,  relative  to  the  ma- 
king of  a  peace  with  America.  The 


f.  i 


' 


4^ 
I 


■I  i 

1 


i  i 


^m!*'m»t0Mit'Htnjf*n*SMt0l 


''  '<!%., 


15« 


The  History  ef 


W 


1  :     I- 


■fil 


The  Britj/li  3tlmiinftr.inon  having;  rfflolved 
tipon  abanJoiiinjv  all  olfenfivc  n|x;r;jtions  in  A- 
nierica,  the  fchf-ine  of  evacuating  .nil  the  weak- 
elt  poib  in  the  United  States  was  jidopted.  Ac- 
cordinjrly,  on  ilie  iith  of  July  Savannah  was 
evacnavcd,  and  the  Americans  immediately  took 
poUeiTion  of  ir,  the  works  and  town  hting  left 
pcrftci. 

On  the  14th  of  December,  Gen.  Leflie,  who 
commanded  at  Charltiloji  completed  the  embar* 
lu.ition  of  his  troops  on  his  qmtting  that  toivn. 
Gen.  Wayne,  with  the  legion  and  light  infan- 
try, had  been  before  their  works  for  feveral 
days,  by  order  ot  Gen-  Greene.  It  was  hinted 
to  him  from  Gen.  Leflie,  thrt^ugh  a  certain  me- 
diuin,  ihat  if  they  were  permitted  to  embark 
vithoiit  interruption,  every  care  fljonld  be  taken 
for  the  preferv.iticii  of  the  town.  Wayne  was 
dire^led  to  accede  to  thepropofal,  the  Britfih  al- 
fo  agreei  jgnot  to  fire  on  the  town  after  getting 
onboard.  The  conditions  being  fully  undrr- 
ftood  by  both  parties,  Charlefton  was  evat.ua- 
te<l  and  poflf^'ifed  without  the  leaft  confnfion,  the 
American  advance-foyowing  clofe  on  the  l^ritifli 
rear.  The  oovcrnor  was  condn6led  into  his  ca- 
pital  the  fame  day  ;  the  civil  policr  cftablifhed 
the  dny  following,  and  on  the  third  the  town  was 
opened  for  bufincfs.  On  the  17th  the  Britilh 
crofTed  the  bar,  and  went  tofea. 

Every  thiiig  now  feemcd  to  announce  the 
approach  of  peace.  The  Anierican  commiflion- 
Cfs  expedited  the  iiegociation  with   the   iitmoft 

afliduity^ 


ifr  rfflolved 

lions  in  A- 
[  the  weak- 
pred.     Ac- 

'aunah  was 
Jiately  took 

1  bting  left 

• 

Leflic,  who 
the  enibar- 
that  toivii. 
p^ht  in  fan  - 
for  feveral 
was  hinted 
:ertc'iin  nie- 
to  embark 
Id  be  taken 
Vayne  was 
Britfih  al- 
rer  getting 
illy  iindfr- 
as  evac.ua- 
ifiifion,  the 
the  l^ritifli 
into  his  m- 
rftablifhed 
?  town  was 
:Iie  Brhi/h 

lovince  the 

am  million - 

be    iitmoft 

afliduity;, 


^ 


1 


■\ 


'.S 


it  11 1  ^iiWft  n»«NltiMl«i 


Wmi 


157 


r-r 


lit  so 


It. 


^:■  ■•.'i 


i  1  ■    • 


\     '-h 


j  ■ 


m 


H 


<• 


|f|i    1,' 


>  i 


^i ; 


>i  '  ^; 


•t! 


©r/n/  f/!Dr  fffrj/Jr 


<-._>,-, 


/i/^0 


■    \ 


1^ 


A 


North  America. 


^5T 


afHduity,  and  on  the  3otli  of  Noi'cmbcf ,  pro- 
vifional  articles  were  agreed  upon  and  fij^ned, 
to  take  effed  whenever  terms  of  peace  fliouldbe 
finally  fettled  with  the  court  of  France.  The 
bufinefs  was  finiihed  to  privately  and  unexpect- 
edly that  the  minifters  and  ambalTadors,  as  well 
as  others  in  and  about  the  court  of  Verfailles, 
were  fuiprifed  upon  hearing  the  news. 

We  n:,ufl:  not  here  avoid  mentioning  an  un- 
fortunate event,  which  happened  attheclofe  of 
the  Hill  more  unfortunate  American  war.  Ten 
men  of  war,  including  Count  de  Graffe^s  fliips, 
with  a  large  fleet  of  merchantmen  from  Jamai- 
ca,  fufTcrcd  exceedingly  by  a  tremendous  gale 
of  wind  off  Newfoundland,  on  the  i  7th  of  Sep- 
tember.  The  Ville  de  Paris  and  the  Glorieux 
foundered,  and  only  one  mnn  out  of  the  com- 
plement of  both  ll^ips  efcaped  to  tell  the  melan- 
choly tale.  The  Heclor  alfo  funk  ;  but  being 
defcried  in  time  by  a  fnow  that  made  towards 
them,  the  crew  were  faved.  The  Ram'lies 
went  down,  but  her  people  were  faved  %y  tbc 
merchantmen  in  company.  The  Centaur  was 
likcv/ife  loft,  and  all  her  company,  except 
twelve,  with  the  captafn,  vv'ho  got  into  the  only 
remaining  boat.  They  travcrled  a  fpace  of 
near  800  miles  on  the  Atlantic  ocean,  without 
rompat's  or  quadrant,  and  with  a  blanket  for  ^ 
IdiL  They  had  only  two  buifcuits  divided 
among  thenj  every  twenty-four  hours;  and  a$ 
much  water  during  that  Ipd^cc  to  every  man,  as 
^he  iieckof  A  wine  bottle  broken  off  would  hold. 

At 


i 


A 


. 


3 


J5« 


The  History  e/t 


.  1.    ■  ! 


U  '.;■ 


ii;    ' 


ri'! 


)     I 


At  the  expiration  of  fixteen  days  when  the  laft 
div'ifion  of  biiifcuit  ami  water  had  been  made, 
to  rheir  iaexpreflible  joy,  they  difcovcred  the 
Portiiguefe  ifland  of  Fayal,  where  they  fafely 
arrived  at  night,  and  recei^'ed  every  afliitance 
their  melancholy  (ituation  demanded. 

On  the  3d  of  aSeptember,  1783,  the  definitive 
treaties  between  Great  Britain,  France,  and 
Spain,  were  fignedat  Verfailles  by  the  Duke  of 
Manchefter,  and  the  plenipotentiaries  of  fald 
court.  On  the  fome  day,  the  definitive  treaty 
with  Great  Britain  and  the  United  Sates  of  A- 
Jiierica  wasalfofigned  at  Paris,  by  David  Hart. 
Jey,  Efq.  the  Britifh  plenipotentiary,  and  the 
plenipotentiaries  of  the  f^id  dates. 

By  the  articles  of  this  treaty,  his  Britannic 
xnajefty  ackn^JwleJged  the  independence  of  the 
IJnifcd  States  of  New-Hamplhire,MaffHchufctts 
Bay,  Rhode- Ifland  and  Providence  Plantati- 
ons, Connedllcut,  New- York,  New-Jerfey, 
Pennfylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia, 
the  Carolinas,  and  Georgia.  He  alfo  relin- 
qniihed  all  claims  to  the  government  of  them, 
and  confented  to  treat  with  them  as  a  free  and 
ipdependent  people.  Their  boundaHf.s  were 
jilio  fettled,  and  they  were  allowed  the  liberty 
of  iiJiiing  and  drying  filh  as  ufual  on  the  banks 
of  jMcvv found] and. 

1  he  particulars  of  the  treaty  betwen  Great 
Britain,  France,  and  Spain  will  be  found  in  our 
III  (lory  of  England,  to  which  it  more  properly 
belongs* 

.    Thus 


A  i 


North  America. 


IJ9 


len  the  laft 
>een  made, 
ovcred  the 
they  fafely 
•y  afTiftance 
d. 

le  definitive 
ranee,  and 
he  Duke  of 
•ies  of  faid 
itive  treaty 
iates  of  A- 
)avid  Hart, 
y,  and  the 

i  Britannic 
ence  of  the 
aflichufctts 
;  Plantati- 
;w-Jerfey, 
,  Virginia, 
ilfo  relin- 
it  of  them, 
a  free  and 
iines  were 
:hc  liberty 
the  banks 

ven  Great 

md  in  our 
^  properly 

.    Thus 


Thus  ended  the  unhappy  American  war 
Avhich  added  to  the  national  debt  of  the  mother- 
country  one  hundred  and  twenty  miilions,  be. 
fides  the  lofsof  many  thoufands  of  our  brave(t 
officers,  foldiers,  and  feamen,  to  jthe  eternal  in- 
famy and  dilgrace  of  thofe  minifiers,  who  advif. 
ed  and  carried  it  on,  contrary  to  ^the  general 
voice  of  the  people  1  " 


Memorahh  Events  recorded  in  this  Chapter* 

j4nno   178^. 
Mr  Laurens  difchargcd  from  his   confinement 
hi  the  Tower  of  London. 

j^nno  1782.  ^ 

The  fleet  of  Sir  George  Rodney  and  Count  de 

GrafTe  meet  in  the  Weft- Indies. 
They  engage,  and  Count  de  GralFe  is  defeated 

and  taken- 
Savaimah  evacuated  by  the  Britiih  forcesr 
And  afterwards  Charleltown  in  Souch  Carolina. 
Provifional    articles   of  peace  figned    between 

theBritifh  and  American  conmiiilioners* 

'■■■I  .■--■"' 

^nno   1783. 
The  definitive   treaties  figned  between  Great 
Britain,  France,  Spain^  4nd  America. 


1  f 


!    f 


%   .t 


■>  \ 


\  ! 


THE        END, 


